英文合同常見條款表達(dá)方式

英文合同常見條款表達(dá)方式英文合同常見條款表達(dá)方式/英文合同常見條款表達(dá)方式英文合同常見條款表達(dá)方式1.前言Preamble一份標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英文合同通常可以分為前言（Preamble）、正文（Operativepart）、附錄（Schedule）及證明部分即結(jié)束詞（Attestation）四大部分組成。前言（Preamble）由“Parties”及“Recitals”兩部分組成?！癙arties”為必備條款，在很多時候稱為“commencement”即合同的開場白，主要介紹合同各方的名稱或姓名、注冊地及地址、郵編及在合同中的簡稱。當(dāng)然，并不是所有的合同都要詳細(xì)介紹以上諸要素，在許多簡單合同中，只是提一下各方的名稱。I.以下為“Parties”的常用表達(dá)方式：1.ThisAgreementisenteredintobyandbetween____and____.本協(xié)議由以下雙方____和___簽署。2.ThisAgreementisenteredintobyandbetween____(hereinafterreferredtoas____)and____(hereinafterreferredtoas"_____"),wherebyitisagreedasfollows:本協(xié)議由以下雙方____（以下簡稱____）和_____（以下簡稱___）簽署，達(dá)成如下協(xié)議：注：在很多合同中，這部分加入簽約事由，如：ThisAgreementisenteredintothroughfriendlynegotiationsbetween_____Co.(hereinafterreferredtoasthe“PartyA”)and_____Co.(hereinafterreferredtoasthe“PartyB”)basedonequalityandmutualbenefittodevelopbusinessonthetermsandconditionssetforthbelow:本協(xié)議由_____（以下稱為甲方）和____（以下稱為乙方）為發(fā)展業(yè)務(wù)在平等互利的基礎(chǔ)上簽訂，其條款如下：ThisAgreementisenteredintobetween_____(hereinafterreferredtoas"Company"),and______,(hereinafterreferredtoas"Employee")pursuanttoparagraphVIII(2)oftheEmployeeHandbook,wherebyitisagreedasfollows:本“協(xié)議”由_____（以下簡稱“公司”）及_____（以下簡稱“雇員”）根據(jù)“雇員手冊”第VIII(2)款簽署，“協(xié)議”內(nèi)容如下：II.以下為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的“Parties”條款：3.ThisAgreementismadeandenteredintothis_____thdayof_____intheyearof____byandbetween______,acompanydulyorganizedandexistingunderandbyvirtueofthelawsof______,withitsprincipalplaceofbusinessat_____(hereinafterreferredtoas“_____”),and______,acompanydulyorganizedandexistingunderandbyvirtueofthelawsof_____,withitsprincipalplaceofbusinessat_____(hereinafterreferredtoas“_____”),wherebyitisagreedasfollows:本合約由______，在_____法律之下并憑該等法律正式組織并存在的公司，其主要營業(yè)地點在______（下稱_____），及_____，在_____法律之下并憑該等法律正式組織并存在的公司，其主要營業(yè)地點______（下稱代理人），于_____日簽訂和締結(jié)，協(xié)議如下：III.“Recitals”由數(shù)個以"Whereas"字樣開頭的句子所組合而成（這些句子俗稱為“WhereasClauses”），表示當(dāng)事人乃是在基于對這些事實（例如訂約的目的、背景來由等）的共同認(rèn)識，訂立此合約。4.ThisAgreementismadeandenteredintothis_____dayof_____intheyearof____byandbetween_______,acompanydulyorganizedandexistingunderandbyvirtueofthelawsof______,withitsprincipalplaceofbusinessat______(hereinafterreferredtoas“_____”),and______,acompanydulyorganizedandexistingunderandbyvirtueofthelawsof______,withitsprincipalplaceofbusinessat______(hereinafterreferredtoas“_____”)WITNESSEDWHEREAS,NOWTHEREFORE,thepartiesheretoagreeasfollows:本合約由_____，在_____法律之下并憑該等法律正式組織并存在的公司，其主要營業(yè)地點在______（下稱_____）（或下稱供應(yīng)商），及_______，在_____法律之下并憑該等法律正式組織并存在的公司，其主要營業(yè)地點_鑒于因此，雙方當(dāng)事人達(dá)成以下協(xié)議：注：WITNESSED可以用WITHNESSTH、WITHNESSTHTHAT等來代替。IV.在很多美國常用合同中，在很多情況下直接用RECITALS引導(dǎo)數(shù)個陳述語句或“WhereasClauses”。下面為一個資產(chǎn)購買協(xié)議實例：ThisASSETPURCHASEAGREEMENT(the"Agreement")ismadeandenteredintoasofMay19,1997byandamongAAA,aDelawarecorporation("AAA"),BBB,aDelawarecorporationandwholly-ownedsubsidiaryofAAA("Buyer"),CCC("Summit"),andDDD,anOregoncorporationandwholly-ownedsubsidiaryofSummit("Seller").RECITALSA.TheBoardsofDirectorsofeachofSummit,Seller,AAAandBuyerbelieveitisinthebestinterestsofeachcompanyandtheirrespectivesecurityholdersthatBuyeracquirecertainlistedassetsandassumecertainlistedliabilitiesofSeller(the"Acquisition").B.Onthedatehereof,Buyerhasexecuteda$2,000,000irrevocablepurchaseordertopurchase400time-basedlicensesforSummit'sVisualHDLinterfacesforVisualTestbench("VTB")softwareonAAA'sstandardformofpurchaseorder,whichispayablewithinfive(5)businessdaysafterthedatehereof.NOW,THEREFORE,inconsiderationofthecovenants,promisesandrepresentationssetforthherein,andforothergoodandvaluableconsideration,thepartiesagreeasfollows:2.定義Definition在正文（Habendum）部分，通常第一章為定義（Definitions）部分。定義條款即對合同中涉及的術(shù)語及名詞作出限定、解釋的條款。它可以散見于合同各個部分，但對于一些大型的、重要的合同，通常將其置于第一章。I.常見的定義語句常用mean,referto,beconstruedas,include等來表達(dá)。如：1."Territory"meanstheUnitedStatesofAmerica.“銷售地區(qū)”是指美利堅合眾國。2.“Commencementdate”shallmeanthedateofsigningthisagreementbythelastsigningpartyhereto.“協(xié)議生效日”是指本“協(xié)議”最后簽字的一方簽署本“協(xié)議”的日期。3.The“agreement”hereinreferredtoshallmeanthisagreementofagencybyentrustment.“協(xié)議”在這里是指本委托代理協(xié)議。4.“Code”shallrefertothecurrentandapplicableInternalRevenueCode.“法”是指當(dāng)前可用的國內(nèi)稅收法。5.Referencetoanystatutoryprovisionshallbeconstruedasareferencetothesameasitmayhavebeen,ormayfromtimebe,amended,modifiedorre-enacted.引用法律規(guī)定理解為引用其本身外，還包括其修訂、修正或重新實施案。6."Expenses"includecosts,chargesandexpensesofeverydescription.“費用”包括各種形式的金錢支出。II.還有一類特殊的定義語句，即對于「單、復(fù)數(shù)」及「陰、陽性」名詞的范圍定義。通常都是用include來表達(dá)：1."StockCertificate"includes"stockcertificate"and"stockcertificates".合同中的“股票”，包括單數(shù)及復(fù)數(shù)。2."He"includes"he"and"she".合同中的“他”，包括“他”及“她”。3.Wordsusingthesingularorpluralnumberalsoincludethepluralorsingularnumber.采用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)的單詞也包括復(fù)數(shù)或單數(shù)。III.定義語句中，有時需限定范圍。而通常用得最多的是：“forthepurposeof”及“inrelationto”某概念的定義條款，如果適用范圍僅限于合同的“特定部份”，可以用“forthepurposeof”來為定義條款起頭。而如果定義條款是針對合同的“特定概念”，就用“inrelationto”來界定。如下例：1.ForthepurposeofthisAgreement,"Products"meansalltypesofthemachineriesmanufacturedbyManufacturerasarespecifiedinAttachmentAhereto.本協(xié)議所稱的“產(chǎn)品”，指制造人所制造如附件A表列之各式機器。2."Address"means－(a)就自然人而言inrelationtoanindividual,hisusualresidentialorbusinessaddress;and(b)inrelationtoacorporation,itsregisteredorprincipalofficeintheRepublicofChina.“地址”就自然人而言，指通常之居所或工作場所；就公司而言，指位于中華人民共和國之注冊所在地或主營業(yè)所。IV.在定義條款中，在定義語句前有時會加上一些陳述語句來引導(dǎo)，如：1.ForthepurposeofthisAgreement,eachofthefollowingtermsshallhavethefollowingmeaningrespectively:就本合同的目的而言，下列各用語，分別具有下述意義：2.InthisAgreement,thefollowingwordsorexpressionsshallhavethemeaningsgiventothemrespectivelybelow:本協(xié)議內(nèi)所用詞句的意義，明確闡述如下：3.Inthisagreementunlessthecontextotherwiserequires,thefollowingwordsandexpressionsshallhavethemeaningsassignedtothemhereunder:除非本“協(xié)議”有明確規(guī)定，下列詞語應(yīng)當(dāng)具有如下規(guī)定之意義：4.ThefollowingarethedefinitionsofvarioustermsusedinthisAgreement:本“協(xié)議”使用之術(shù)語定義如下：3.有效期Periodofvalidity有效期(Term)條款通常規(guī)定合同的有效期限，何時生效及到何時結(jié)束，合同結(jié)束后必要時如何延展等等。I.以下為“Term”的常用表達(dá)方式：Thetermofthiscontractisfora_____yearperiod.合同的有效期為_____年。如：Thetermofthiscontractisforaone(1)yearperiod.2.Thecontractisfora_____monthperiod,commencing_____.合同的有效期為_____月，開始于______。（期限）a.Thecontractisfora12monthperiod,commencingSeptember17,2002thruSeptember16,2003.b.Thecontractisfora6monthperiod,commencing4-1-03andending9-30-2003.3.Thisagreementremainsvalidfor_____year(s),i.e.commencingon______,_____andterminatingon______,_____.本協(xié)議在_____年之內(nèi)有效，即從_____年_____月_____日起生效，_____年_____月_____日起到期。4.Thecontracttermisherebyextendedfortheperiod____.合同的有效期為_______。如：Thecontracttermisherebyextendedfortheperiod____inaccordancewithSectionE,Paragraph10,TermofContractandContractExtension.II.Term條款除了規(guī)定合同的期限外，通常另外合同期限的延展“Extension”。1.Thecontractperiodisfor_____yearwithoptiontore-newfor_____year.合同有效期為_____年，同時可以選擇延長_____年。2.Thecontractisfora_____monthperiod,commencing_____.Thecontractmayberenewedforupto_____yearoptionperiods.合同的有效期為_____月，開始于_______，同時可以選擇延長_____年。3.Thisagreementshallcommenceonthecommencementdateandshallendureforacontinuousperiodof_____years.Thereafteritwillbeautomaticallyrenewedforsuccessiveperiodsof_____yearsonthesametermsandconditionsunlessoneofthepartieshadgiven_____daysnoticeoftermination.本協(xié)議應(yīng)自生效日生效并在_____年內(nèi)有效。此后，除非一方當(dāng)事人提前_____天書面通知對方當(dāng)事人終止本協(xié)議，本協(xié)議有效期自動延長_____年，協(xié)議條款不變。III.Term條款并沒有十分固定的表達(dá)方式，以下即是一些合同中Term的實例：1.ThisAgreementshallbevalidandremaininforceforaperiodofthree(3)yearscommencingfromthedateappearingfirstabovewrittenuponthesigningofbothPartyAandPartyBandshallbeextendedforanotherperiodofthree(3)yearsonthesametermsandconditionsunlesseitherofthepartiesheretogivestheotherpartyatleastthirty(30)dayspriorwrittennoticetoterminatethisAgreementpriortotheexpirationoftheoriginalterm.本合約須從上面首次寫明的甲方和乙方簽訂本約的日期起生效并保持效力三年，并將按同樣條件延長三年，否則及約任何一方至少須在原定時間期滿前三十天給予另一方提前終止本合約的書面通知。2.Atanytimeandfromtimetotimeduringtheperiodcommencingonthedatehereofandterminatingon______,20___,partyAmayinwritingadvisepartyB.自本協(xié)議簽訂之日起到______年______月協(xié)議終止這段期間內(nèi)，甲方可隨時以書面形式通知乙方。3.ThetermofthisAgreementshallbethreeyearsfromtheeffectivedate,unlessterminatedinaccordancewithArticleVI-(3)andArticleIX.本合同的期限除非根據(jù)第8條第3款及第9條的規(guī)定終止外，有效期為3年。4.Thecontractisvalidfrom_______until_______.Thecontractperiodisautomaticallyextendedforanyleaveofabsenceallowedforinlaw.合同的有效期為從______到_____。5.ThetermofthisAgreementshallcommenceonthe_____dayof_____andendonthe_____dayof_____Uponexpirationoftheaboveinitialterm,thisAgreementshallautomaticallyberenewandextendedforalikeperiodoftimeunlessterminatedinwritingbyeitherparty_____dayspriortothedateforsuchrenewal.本協(xié)議期限為__年____月____日至__年___月___日。除非續(xù)訂日前_____天一方以書面方式提出終止，否則上述首期屆滿后，協(xié)議應(yīng)自動續(xù)訂，延長時間及前期相同。4.不可抗力ForceMajeureForceMajeure條款是一種免責(zé)條款，即免除由于不可抗力事件而違約的一方的違約責(zé)任。一般應(yīng)規(guī)定的內(nèi)容包括：不可抗力事件的定義（DefinitionofForceMajeure）以及不可抗力事件的后果（ConsequencesofForceMajeure）。在ForceMajeure條款中，兩者屬于因果關(guān)系，難以截然分開。I.對于ForceMajeure的定義，《合同法》定義如下：本法所稱不可抗力，是指不能預(yù)見、不能避免并不能克服的客觀情況。ForpurposesofthisLaw,forcemajeuremeansanyobjectivecircumstance,whichisunforeseeable,unavoidableandinsurmountable.II.以下是ForceMajeure條款的舉例：1.Neitherpartyshallberesponsiblefordelaysorfailuresinperformanceresultingfromactsorfactsreasonablybeyondthecontrolofthatparty.任何一方不應(yīng)對因其無法控制之行為或事實造成協(xié)議延遲履行或不履行承擔(dān)任何責(zé)任。2.EitherPartyshallnotbeliableforanydelaycausedbyanyunpredictablefactororanyfactorwhichisunavoidableorinsurmountablebyreasonablemeansatthetimeofconclusionofthisAgreement,oranylosscausedbyfailureinfulfillmentofobligationsasstipulatedherein.協(xié)議任一方無須對因任何在本協(xié)議簽訂時無法預(yù)見或以合理手段也無法避免或克服之原因造成的遲延或不履行本協(xié)議之義務(wù)所造成的損失承擔(dān)責(zé)任。注：以上采用的是類似《合同法》概括的定義方法。而合同為不可抗力定義時更多地采用列舉的方法。3.NeitherpartyofthisAgreement,directlyorindirectlyowingtoanycausesorcircumstancesbeyonditscontrol,includingActsofGod,Governmentalordersorrestriction,war,warlikeconditions,revolutions,strike,lockout,fireandflood.本合同任何一方當(dāng)事人對直接或間接地由于其無法控制的原因或情況包括自然災(zāi)害、政府命令或限制、戰(zhàn)爭、戰(zhàn)爭狀態(tài)、革命、罷工、工廠被關(guān)閉、火災(zāi)、水災(zāi)等而未能履行或延遲履行合同或合同一部分的行為，不負(fù)任何責(zé)任。注:ActsofGod通常也譯為“不可抗力”，但主要是指自然災(zāi)害；而ForceMajeure則包括自然及人為兩方面。4.Neitherpartywillbeliablefornondelivery,misdeliveryorlatedelivery(otherthanthepaymentofmoneyduehereunder)causedbycircumstancesbeyonditsreasonablecontrol,including,amongothers,war,civilstrifeorcommotion,riots,strikes,fires,floods,actsofGod,inabilitytoobtainmaterials,failureofcarriersorcompliancewithanylaw,regulationorgovernmentalorder.任何當(dāng)事人將不會為任何因為不可控制的情況產(chǎn)生的未交付貨物、交付錯誤或延遲交貨（除了支付應(yīng)付款）。不可控制的情況包括戰(zhàn)爭、國內(nèi)斗爭或暴亂、騷亂、罷工、火災(zāi)、洪災(zāi)、自然災(zāi)害、無力獲得材料、承運人的失誤、遵守法律、法規(guī)或政府令。5.Shouldeitherofthepartiestothecontractbypreventedfromexecutingthecontractbyforcemajeure,suchasearthquake,typhoon,flood,fireandwarandotherunforeseenevents,andtheirhappeningandconsequencesareunpreventableandunavoidable,thepreventedpartyshallnotifytheotherpartybycablewithoutanydelay,andwithin15daysthereafterprovidethedetailedinformationoftheeventsandavaliddocumentforevidenceissuedbytherelevantpublicnotaryorganizationforexplainingthereasonofitsinabilitytoexecuteordelaytheexecutionofallorpartofthecontract.Bothpartiesshall,throughconsolations,decidewhethertoterminatethecontractortoexemptthepartofobligationsforimplementationofthecontractorwhethertodelaytheexecutionofthecontractaccordingtotheeffectsoftheeventsontheperformanceofthecontract.由于地震、臺風(fēng)、水災(zāi)、火災(zāi)、戰(zhàn)爭以及其它不能預(yù)見并且對其發(fā)生和后果不能防止或避免的不可抗力事件出現(xiàn)，致使直接影響合同的履行或者不能按約定的條件履行時，遇有上述不可抗力的一方，應(yīng)立即電報通知對方，并應(yīng)在十五天內(nèi)，提供不可抗力詳情及合同不能履行、或者部分不履行、或者需要延期履行的理由的有效證明文件。此項證明文件應(yīng)由事故發(fā)生地有權(quán)證明的機構(gòu)出具。按其對履行合同影響的程度，由雙方協(xié)商決定是否解除合同，或者部分履行合同，或者延期履行合同。6.Forcemajeureshallhereofconsistofthefollowingevents:下述事件構(gòu)成不可抗力：Wheresuchcasesaswar,earthquake,seriouswindstorms,snow,orfireorothereventswhichnopartycanforeseeandpreventfromhappeningoccur;發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭、地震、嚴(yán)重的風(fēng)災(zāi)、雪災(zāi)、火災(zāi)或其他各方無法預(yù)見、無法抗拒的事故。TherelatedlawsandregulationsincollectionwiththeexecutionofdutiesbyanypartytothisAgreementundergochanges,underwhichthisAgreementwillbeillegalorthetransfercannotbefulfilled.自本協(xié)議簽訂之日起及本協(xié)議任何一方履行本協(xié)議相關(guān)的法律、法規(guī)發(fā)生變更致使本協(xié)議非法或轉(zhuǎn)讓行為無法完成。Ineventoftheoccurrenceoftheabove-mentionedevents,ifanyparty(hereinafterreferredtoasthe“EffectedParty”)hasbeendelayedordeterredfromperformingthedutiesofthisAgreementinthecourseofitsexecution,theAffectedPartyshallbefreefromanyliabilitiesforbreachoftheagreementandforcompensation.在發(fā)生本協(xié)議不可抗力事件之后，任何一方（以下簡稱受影響方）在履行本協(xié)議義務(wù)時受到拖延或不能履行時，受影響方不承擔(dān)任何違約責(zé)任及賠償責(zé)任。Ineventoftheforcemajeure,theaffectedpartyshall,within_____daysfromthedateoftheoccurrence,notifytheotherpartyoftheimpactofsucheventsontheexecutionofthedutiesinthisAgreement,bytelex,telegraphorinanyotherlawfulwrittenform,andsimultaneouslysubmittherelevantofficialcredentialsconcerningtheforcemajeureherein.在發(fā)生不可抗力事件時，受影響方應(yīng)自不可抗力事件發(fā)生之日起_____天內(nèi)以電傳或電報或其他任何合理書面方式，通知另一方有關(guān)不可抗力的發(fā)生和不可抗力對其履行本協(xié)議的義務(wù)的影響，同時應(yīng)呈交不可抗力的有關(guān)官方證明。Shouldtheeffectoftheforcemajeurecaseslastmorethan_____days,bothpartiesshallconsulteachotheraboutthealterationsofthisAgreement;incasetheyfailtoreachanagreement,Chapter8shallthereuponapply.在不可抗力事件延續(xù)_____天后，雙方必須磋商本協(xié)議的變更，雙方未能協(xié)商一致的，適用本協(xié)議第八章的規(guī)定。7.ForceMajeure不可抗力(1)NopartytothisContractshallbeliabletotheotherpartyforanyfailureofordelayinperformanceofitsobligationshereofnorbedeemedtobeinbreachofthisContract,ifsuchfailureordelayhasarisenfrom"forcemajeure."如果任何一方因不可抗力而款能履行或推遲履行其義務(wù)，則不對另一方負(fù)責(zé)，也不應(yīng)視作違反合同。"ForceMajeure"meanscircumstancesandconditionsbeyondthecontrolofeitherparties,thatwouldrenderitimpossibleforeithertheOwnerortheContractortofulfilltheirobligationsunderthisContract,ordelaysuchfulfillment.Anyofthefollowingmattersareconsidered"forcemajeure."“不可抗力”指業(yè)主或承包商無法控制的情況，使當(dāng)事人未能按本合同履行其義務(wù)，或者不得不延遲履行其義務(wù)。下列情況均被視作“不可抗力”：a.war,hostilities,actofforeignenemy,invasion,warlikeopera-tions(whetherwartobedeclaredornot)orcivilwar;b.mutiny,civilcommotionassumingtheproportionsoforamountingtoapopularrising,militaryrising,insurrection,rebellion,revolution,militaryorusurpedpower,oranyactofanypersonactingonbehalfoforinconnectionwithanyorganizationwithactivitiesdirectedtowardstheoverthrowbyforceoftheGovernmentdejureordefacto,ortotheinfluencingofitbyterrorismorviolence;c.earthquake,flood,fireorothernaturalphysicaldisaster;d.denialoftheuseofallports,airports,shippingservicesorothermeansofpublictransport;e.strikeorlockoutorotherindustrialconcertedactionbyworkers,affectingthefulfillmentofContractor'sandsubcontractors'obligations;f.andotherunforeseencircumstancesbeyondthecontrolofthepartiessoaffectedrenderingthefulfillmentoftheirobligationsimpossible.a.戰(zhàn)爭、敵對事件、外敵行動、入侵、類似戰(zhàn)爭的軍事行動（不管是事宣戰(zhàn)）、內(nèi)戰(zhàn)；b.士兵嘩變、民眾暴亂、軍事叛亂、起義、造反、革命、篡權(quán)、或者任何個人代表某個組織或及某個組織有聯(lián)系、旨在以暴力推翻合法或現(xiàn)存政府、或以恐怖主義或暴力對政府施加影響的行為；c.地震、洪水、火災(zāi)或其他自然災(zāi)害；d.所有港口、機場、船運或其他公共交通工具的使用均遭拒絕；e.工人罷工、工廠停工、或其他的勞工聯(lián)合行動，影響了承包商和分包商履行其義務(wù)；f.當(dāng)事人無法控制、從而使其不能履行義務(wù)的其他任何意外情況。(3)IfeitherpartytothisContractispreventedordelayedfromorinperforminganyofhisobligationsunderthisContractbyforcemajeure,thenhemaynotifytheotherpartyofthecircumstancesconstitutingtheforcemajeureandoftheobligationperformanceofwhichistherebydelayedorpreventedandthepartygivingthenoticeshallthereuponbeexcusedfromtheperformanceorpunctualperformance,asthecasemaybe,ofsuchobligationforsolongasthecircumstancesofpreventionordelaymaycontinue.如果本合同任何一方因不可抗力不能或延遲履行本合同規(guī)定的任何義務(wù)，他可將不可抗力和由此造成的延遲或妨礙情況通知另一方。發(fā)出通知的一方允許根據(jù)具體情況及妨礙或延遲持續(xù)的時間免于履行或推遲履行合同。(4)Ifbyvirtueoftheprecedingsub-clauseditherpartyshallbeexcusedfromtheperformanceorpunctualperformanceofanyobligationforacontinuousperiodof________months,theneitherpartymayatanytimethereafterterminatethisContractbygivingawrittennoticetotheotherparty.根據(jù)本第款第3分條規(guī)定，如果任何一方免于履行或推遲履行其義務(wù)的時間持續(xù)了____個月，那么任何一方都可隨時向另一方發(fā)出書面通知，終止本合同。5.修改Modification合同修訂(Modification)條款為合同常用條款.主要規(guī)定了合同修訂的方式及途徑。例如：書面合同，只能以書面方式進(jìn)行修訂，口頭修訂內(nèi)容無效。I.Modification條款通常較為簡單，以下為一些常用比較簡約的表達(dá)方式：1.Thecontractcanbeamendedonlyaftertheamendmentisagreeduponbybothparties.只有經(jīng)雙方一致同意，合同方可變更。2.ThisAgreementmaybeamendedonlybyawritteninstrumentsignedbydulyauthorizedrepresentativesofbothparties.本合同只有經(jīng)雙方當(dāng)事人授權(quán)的代表正式簽署的書面文件，方可修改。3.ThisAgreementmaynotbeamendedormodifiedexceptbywritteninstrumentsignedbyeachofthePartieshereto.除非經(jīng)本協(xié)議當(dāng)事人簽署的書面通知，否則本協(xié)議書不得作出任何修改和變更。4.AnyalterationsoramendmentsofthisAgreementshallbesubjecttoagreementthroughconsultationbetweenbothpartiesinwriting.本協(xié)議的任何變更或修改，應(yīng)由本協(xié)議雙方協(xié)商一致，并以書面方式進(jìn)行。5.ThisAgreementshallnotbemodifiedoramendedexceptbyawritteninstrument,signedbythepartieshereto.除非雙方當(dāng)事人共同簽署書面文件，否則本“協(xié)議”不得修改或修訂。6.Anymodification,amendmentorwaiverofanyoftheprovisionsofthisAgreementmustotherwisebemadeinwritinganddulysignedbythepartieshereto.對本“協(xié)議”任何規(guī)定的任何變更、修改或免責(zé)必須另以書面形式作出，并經(jīng)各方正式簽字。7.Duringtheperiodofvalidityoftheagreement,eitherpartyshallbeentitledtomakeproposalofamendmenttotheagreementandtheagreementamendedshallgointoeffectwiththesignatureofthetwoparties.在協(xié)議的有效期內(nèi)，任何一方都有權(quán)提出對協(xié)議進(jìn)行修改，修改后的協(xié)議經(jīng)過雙方簽署后才能夠生效。II.在實際運用中，由于內(nèi)容環(huán)境不同，表達(dá)可能有所不同，以下為一些實例：1.IftheloancontractaffiliatedtothisContracthastobeabridged,amended,orrevised,bothpartiesshallnegotiatetoamendandrevisethisContractinlinewiththeprovisionsoftheloancontract.本股權(quán)質(zhì)押項下的貸款合同如有修改、補充而影響本質(zhì)押合同時，雙方應(yīng)協(xié)商修改、補充本質(zhì)押合同，使其及股權(quán)質(zhì)押項下貸款合同規(guī)定相一致。2.IfthisContractshallbeabridged,revised,oramendedonaccountofforcemajeure,theresponsibilitiesassumedbythePartyAunderthisContractshallnotbeexemptedorreduced,andtherightsandinterestsofthePartyBunderthisContractshallnotbeenaffectedorinfringed.如因不可抗力原因致本合同須作一定刪節(jié)、修改、補充時，應(yīng)不免除或減少甲方在本合同中所承擔(dān)的責(zé)任，不影響或侵犯乙方在本合同項下的權(quán)益。3.TheamendmentofthecontractorotherappendicesshallcomeintoforceonlyafterthewrittenagreementsignedbyPartyAandPartyBandapprovedbytheoriginalexaminationandapprovalauthority.對本合同及其附件的修改必須經(jīng)甲、乙雙方簽署書面協(xié)議，并報原審批機構(gòu)批準(zhǔn)，方可生效。4.ThisAgreementmaybeamendedinwritingsignedbybothParties.Unlessotherwiseexpresslyagreedtoinsuchamendment,alltermsandconditionsofthisAgreementshallapplytoanysuchadditionandallrightsgrantedtoLicenseeunderthisAgreementshallterminateastoanysuchdeletion.本協(xié)議可由「雙方」書面簽署予以修改。除在此種修改中另行明確同意外，本協(xié)議所有的條款和條件須適用于任何此類修改中所做的添加，而所有根據(jù)本協(xié)議而給予「被許可人」的權(quán)利對于任何此類修改中的刪除事項而言將終止。6.補償Indemnification損害賠償（indemnification）條款，是減少合同風(fēng)險的一個重要條款。該條款主要約定在第三者對合同提出權(quán)利主張時，另一締約方應(yīng)當(dāng)對此承擔(dān)責(zé)任。通常情況下，另一締約方必須支付全部的防御性訴訟費用，以及全部的支付給第三者的和解費用或者第三者勝訴后造成的所有損失。實際上，本條款是將第三人造成的風(fēng)險從合同的一方當(dāng)事人轉(zhuǎn)移給另一方當(dāng)事人。其次，本條款也可以約定合同的另一締約方有其他不當(dāng)?shù)淖鳛闀r，應(yīng)當(dāng)進(jìn)行損害賠償。I．Indemnification條款常用“indemnifyandholdharmlessfrom……”來表達(dá)：1.PartyAagreestoindemnifyandholdPartyBharmlessfromanyclaimordemand,includingreasonableattorneys'fees,madebyanythirdpartyduetoorarisingoutof甲方同意對乙方因_____造成的損失作出賠償及保證乙方不招致任何第三方索償或索求，包括合理的律師費用。應(yīng)用實例：PartyAagreestoindemnifyandholdPartyBharmlessfromanyclaimordemand,includingreasonableattorneys'fees,madebyanythirdpartyduetoorarisingoutofPartyA'suseoftheSite,theviolationofthisAgreementbyPartyA,ortheinfringementbyPartyA,orotheruseroftheSiteusingPartyA'sloginnameandpassword,ofanyintellectualpropertyorotherrightofanypersonorentity.甲方同意對乙方因甲方使用網(wǎng)站、或甲方違反本協(xié)議、或因甲方或其它使用甲方之登記名稱及密碼而使用網(wǎng)站的使用者，侵犯任何知識產(chǎn)權(quán)或任何其它人士或單位的其它權(quán)利所造成的損失作出賠償及保證乙方不招致任何索償或索求，包括合理的律師費用。2.PartyAshallindemnifyandholdpartyBandeachofpartyBofficers,directors,stockholders,employeesandagentsharmlessagainst,andinrespectof,anydamage,loss,liability,costorexpense,includingattorneys,fees,resultingorarisingfromorincurredinconnectionwiththisAgreementandthetransactionscontemplatedhereby,exceptsuchasmayresultfromwillfulmalfeasanceifpartyBorsuchofficer,director,stockholder,employeeofagent,asthecasemaybe.甲方應(yīng)當(dāng)賠償乙方及其每個職員、董事、股東、雇員及其代理人因此協(xié)議引起或及此協(xié)議以后的交易相關(guān)事項而產(chǎn)生的損害、損失、責(zé)任、開支或費用，包括律師費用，但因乙方或其職員、董事、股東、雇員或代理人有意的過失而引起的損失除外。3.Eachpartywilldefend,indemnifyandholdtheotherharmlessfromandagainstallactions,proceedings,claims,demands,suits,losses,damagesandexpenses,includingreasonableattorneysfeesandcostsreasonablyincurredindefendinganyproceedingsinwhichthedamagessustainedarosefromafailureoftheotherpartytomeetitsobligationsunderthisagreement.Innoeventwilleitherpartybeliabletotheotherinconnectionwiththisagreementforspecial,incidental,indirectorconsequentialorpunitivedamagesregardlessofwhethereitherorbothpartiesknewofthepossibilityofsuchdamages.一方當(dāng)事人將使另一方當(dāng)事人免于承擔(dān)訴訟、索賠、請求、損害賠償金及費用，包括為以下訴訟辯護(hù)而發(fā)生的合理的律師費：因另一方當(dāng)事人未根據(jù)本協(xié)議履行其義務(wù)而導(dǎo)致?lián)p害賠償?shù)脑V訟。不管一方當(dāng)事人或雙方當(dāng)事人是否知道特殊損害賠償、附帶損害賠償、間接損害賠償、后果性損害賠償、懲罰性損害賠償發(fā)生的可能性，一方當(dāng)事人均不會為另一方當(dāng)事人承擔(dān)上述損害賠償。4.Contractoragreestoprotect,defend,indemnifyandholdharmlesscompany,itsparent,subsidiariesandaffiliatedcompanies,anditsandtheiremployees,subcontractorsanditsandtheirinsurersfromandagainstanyclaim,demand,causeofaction,loss,expenseaward,obligationtoindemnifyanother,judgmentorliabilityonaccountofillness,injuryordeathtotheemployeesofcontractorandcontractor’ssubcontractorsand/ordamagetoorlossordestructionofthepropertyofcontractorarisingdirectlyorindirectlyoutoftheperformanceofthiscontractregardlessofomissionsornegligence,inwholeorinanypart,ofcompany.承包商同意保護(hù)、辯護(hù)、賠償和保證公司、其上級公司、下屬公司和關(guān)聯(lián)公司、及其雇員、次承包商和其保險公司不承擔(dān)在履行本合同過程中，不論公司是否存在部分或全部的不作為或疏忽的責(zé)任，直接或間接所導(dǎo)致的承包商和次承包商的雇員生病、受傷或死亡以及承包商的財產(chǎn)所遭受的毀損滅失相關(guān)的任何訴求、要求、訴因、損失、費用、對他方的賠償義務(wù)、判決或賠償責(zé)任。II．Indemnification條款還有多種表達(dá)方式，但并不固定。1.Notwithstandinganyofindemnitiesandliabilitiesspecificallyreferredtoabove,neithercompanyorcontractorshallbeliabletotheotherwithrespecttoanyconsequentiallossincluding,butnotlimitedto,lossofanticipatedprofit,lossofanticipatedrevenue,lossofanticipatedproduction,lossofproduct,orlossofuseofmoney,arisingorallegedtoariseoutofeithercompany’sorcontractor’sfailuretopropertycarryoutitsobligationshereunderorduetoomissionsornegligence,inwholeoranypart,ofthepartatfault,itssubcontractorsorvendorsortheun-seaworthinessofvessel,orstrictliability,andregardlessofwhetherpre-existingtheexecutionoftheagreement.除上列特別述及的賠償和責(zé)任外，公司或承包商相互間不承擔(dān)任何間接損失，包括但不限于預(yù)計的利潤損失、預(yù)計的收益損失、預(yù)計的生產(chǎn)損失、產(chǎn)品損失、無法使用金錢的損失，由于或認(rèn)為系因公司或承包商未能正確地履行本合同的義務(wù)或由于該違約系由于其次承包商或供應(yīng)商(買方)或船舶不適航或嚴(yán)格責(zé)任和不論是否存在依以前協(xié)議履行原因，所導(dǎo)致的部分或全部的不作為或疏忽所造成的損失。2.Allremediesspecifiedhereinorotherwiseavailableshallbecumulativeandinadditiontoanyandeveryotherremedyprovidedhereunderornoworhereafteravailableatlaworinequity.Nowaiverorfailuretoactwithrespecttoanybreachordefaulthereunder,whetherornottheotherpartyhasnoticethereof,shallbedeemedtobeawaiverwithrespecttoanysubsequentbreachordefault,whetherofsimilarordifferentnature.依據(jù)法律或衡平法，本“協(xié)議”所述的賠償或其它可得的賠償應(yīng)當(dāng)是累積的，并在本“協(xié)議”中規(guī)定的賠償之外，或在現(xiàn)在或此后可得的賠償之外。無論對方當(dāng)事人通知及否，任何及違反協(xié)議或不履行協(xié)議有關(guān)的棄權(quán)不得視為及任何后來的違反協(xié)議或不履行協(xié)議有關(guān)的棄權(quán)，無論是否性質(zhì)相同或不同。III．在大型合同中，Indemnification條款往往非常復(fù)雜，以下即為。Indemnification補償(a)Eachpartyshallindemnifyandholdharmlesstheotherparty,itsshareholders,directors,officers,employees,agents,designeesandassignees,oranyofthem,fromandagainstalllosses,damages,liabilities,expenses,costs,claims,suits,demands,actions,causesofactions,proceedings,judgments,assessments,deficienciesandcharges(collectively,"Damages")causedby,relatingtoorarisingfromtheperformancebysuchpartyinaccordancewiththisContractofitsobligationshereunder,andBuyershallalsoindemnifySeller,withoutlimitingtheforegoing,foranysuchitemcausedby,relatingtoorarisingfrom(a)theprogrammingserviceswhichareauthorizedforviewingsingtheSystem,includinganyassertionthatanysuchprogrammingserviceinvolvescopyrightinfringement,(b)anydisputesbetweenBuyerandanyofitsprogramdistributorsorotherdistributorsoraffiliates,(c)anydisputesorclaimsinvolvingthesubscribersforBuyer'sprogrammingservices,or(d)anyassertionthatBuyerhasbeeninvolvedin,thatBuyer'sconductofsubscriptioninvolves,orthatBuyer'suseoftheSysteminvolves,anyunfaircompetitionorviolationsoflaws,rulesorregulations.(ａ)每方應(yīng)就其按本合同規(guī)定履行其本合同項下義務(wù)所導(dǎo)致的、及其有關(guān)的或由其引發(fā)的一切損失、損害、責(zé)任、支出、費用、索賠、訴訟、要求、訴訟行為、訴因、程序、判決、估定稅額、欠額以及收費(合稱“損害”)補償另一方、另一方的股東、董事、管理人員、雇員、代理、被指定人、受讓人或其中任何一人，使之不受損害，并且在不對上文所述予以限制的條件下，買方還應(yīng)就下述各項所導(dǎo)致的、及其有關(guān)的或由其引發(fā)的上述任何事項補償賣方：(a)授權(quán)對viewingsing系統(tǒng)提供的服務(wù)；（b）買方及項目分包商、分支機構(gòu)之間的糾紛；(c)任何用戶針對買方的該項目服務(wù)的糾紛或索賠；(d)針對買方所涉該系統(tǒng)的不正當(dāng)競爭或違法指控。(b)Intheeventofathird-partyclaim,withrespecttowhichaparty’sentitledtoindemnificationhereunder,aparty(the"IndemnifiedParty")shallnotifytheotherparty(the"IndemnifyingParty")inwritingssoonaspracticable,butinnoeventlaterthan______daysafterreceiptofsuchclaims.TheIndemnifiedParty'sfailuretoprovidesuchnoticedshallnotprecludeitfromseekingindemnificationhereunderunlesssuchfailurehasmateriallyprejudicedtheIndemnifyingParty'sabilitytodefendsuchclaim.TheIndemnifyingPartyshallpromptlydefendsuchclaimwithcounselofitsownchoosing)andtheIndemnifiedPartyshallcooperatewiththeIndemnifyingPartyinthedefenseofsuchclaim,includingthesettlementofthematteronthebasisstipulatedbytheindemnifyingParty(withtheIndemnifyingPartybeingresponsibleforallcostsandexpensesofsuchsettlement).(ｂ)如果第三方提出一方按本合同規(guī)定有權(quán)獲得補償?shù)乃髻r請求，一方(“受補償方”)應(yīng)在實際可能的情況下盡早通知另一方(“補償方”)，但無論如何不得遲于在收到該等請求后的第_______日。受補償方未給予該通知并不排除其按本合同規(guī)定尋求補償，除非未給予該通知補償方抗辯該索賠請求的能力受到實質(zhì)影響。