第12講數(shù)詞（講義）-2024年中考英語一輪復習（原卷版）

?第12講數(shù)詞（講義）目錄一復習目標掌握目標及備考方向二考情分析2023年中考數(shù)詞考情分析三網(wǎng)絡構建知識點頭腦風暴四數(shù)詞考向1.基數(shù)詞的構成和用法2.序數(shù)詞的構成和用法3.分數(shù)的表達法4.提升必考題型歸納五真題感悟數(shù)詞經(jīng)典考題【復習目標】1.掌握基數(shù)詞的構成和用法2.掌握序數(shù)詞的構成和用法3.掌握分數(shù)的表達法【考情分析】數(shù)詞是歷年各省市中考必考知識點。從考查形式看，一般有單項選擇、完形填空、詞語運用等。所占分值通常為2數(shù)詞是歷年各省市中考必考知識點。從考查形式看，一般有單項選擇、完形填空、詞語運用等。所占分值通常為2～4分。從命題意圖看，側重考查考生的具體語言環(huán)境中使用數(shù)詞的能力?！揪W(wǎng)絡構建】考向一基數(shù)詞的構成和用法數(shù)詞的分類：數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目的多少。序數(shù)詞表示事物的先后順序，往往與定冠詞the連用。(1)0—12單獨記。如：zero,one,two,three等。(2)13—19的詞尾都是teen。如：fourteen,seventeen等，但13—thirteen，15—fifteen，18—eighteen需要特殊記。(3)20以上的整十的基數(shù)詞均以ty結尾。20—twenty，30—thirty，40—forty，50—fifty，80—eighty等。(4)＂幾十幾＂要加連字符號＂＂。48—fortyeight,97—ninetyseven等。(5)＂幾百幾十＂或者＂幾百幾十幾＂在＂百＂后加and。156—onehundredandfiftysix,509—fivehundredandnine。(6)四位數(shù)或者四位數(shù)以上的基數(shù)詞的拼寫規(guī)律：用逗號從右往左每三位加一個逗號，第一個逗號讀作thousand(千)，第二個逗號讀作million(百萬)，第三個逗號讀作billion(十億)，hundred后莫忘＂and＂。3,610＝threethousandsixhundredandten；94,295＝ninetyfourthousandtwohundredandninetyfive；基數(shù)詞的用法①表示確切數(shù)字時，基數(shù)詞hundred,thousand,dozen（12）等，只用單數(shù)形式，不能加“s”如：fivethousandsixhundredteachers5600名教師②在表示某些概數(shù)的習語中，如“成百上千”等，基數(shù)詞要加“s”表示人的不確切歲數(shù)或年代，用“表示人的不確切歲數(shù)或年代，用“幾十”的復數(shù)形式表示如：inhistwenties在他二十多歲時inthe1980’s/1980s在20世紀80年代③可以用來表示時間如：5：00five/fiveo’clock4：25fourtwenty－five7：20twentypastseven11：15aquarterpasteleven5：55fivetosix9：31twenty－ninetoten④可以用來表示年代如：1980年nineteeneighty⑤可以用來表示年齡如：Heistenyearsold.“基數(shù)詞“基數(shù)詞+名詞+......”構成復合形容詞作定語如：Heisatenyearoldboy.Itafiveminutewalkfromthelibrarytotheplayground.⑥可以用來表示事物編號如：No.TenMiddleSchool第十中學308NanjingRoad南京路308號Room209房間209Section3/Part3第三部分⑦可以用于某些數(shù)學算式如：Threeandtwoisfive.3+2=5Tenminusfiveisfive.105=5Threemultipliedbyfourmakestwelve.3×4=12Sixteendividedbyfourisfour.16÷4=4⑧可以用于倍數(shù)表達，”基數(shù)詞+times“表示“...是...幾倍”如：Thisroomisthreetimesasbigasthatone.Thisroomisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone.Thisroomisthreetimesthesizeofthatone.⑨可以用于百分數(shù)表達。百分數(shù)由“基數(shù)詞+百分號（%）”構成如：30%=thirtypercent65%=sixtyfivepercent考向二序數(shù)詞的構成和用法first1stsecond2ndthird3rdfourth4thfifth5thsixth6thseventh7theighth8thninth9thtenth10theleventh11thtwelfth12ththirteenth13thfourteenth14thfifteenth15thsixteenth16thseventeenth17theighteenth18thnineteenth19thtwentieth20thtwentyfirst21sttwentysecond22ndthirtieth30thfortieth40thfiftieth50thsixtieth60thseventieth70theightieth80thninetieth90thhundredth100thonehundredandfirst101st(1)＂第一＂、＂第二＂、＂第三＂分別是first,second,third。(2)＂第四＂到＂第十九＂除了fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth是特殊的拼寫外，其余的都在相應基數(shù)詞后面加＂th＂構成。如：fourth。(3)20以上的整十的序數(shù)詞由相應的基數(shù)詞變y為i，再加＂eth＂。如：thirty→thirtieth;fifty→fiftieth。(4)第一百hundredth;第一千thousandth;第一百萬millionth。(5)20以上的非整十的基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞時，只變化個位數(shù)。如：twentyone→twentyfirst;onehundredandone→onehundredandfirst?；鶖?shù)詞變序數(shù)詞記憶口訣基變序，有規(guī)律，詞尾加上th。一，二，三，特殊記，詞尾字母t，d，d。八去t，九除e，ve要用f替，ty將y變成i，th前面有個e。若是碰到幾十幾，前用基來后用序。整十基數(shù)變序數(shù)，先把ty變成tie，要是遇上兩位數(shù)，十位基數(shù)，個位序，th最后加上去。序數(shù)詞的用法①序數(shù)詞的前面一般要用定冠詞the表示”第幾“的意思如：Youarethesecondonetoknowtheway.你是第二個知道方法的人當序數(shù)詞前有形容詞性當序數(shù)詞前有形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格修飾，序數(shù)詞前不用theThisismythirdquestion./BettyisLinda’sfirstgoodfriend.這是我的第三個問題貝蒂是琳達第一個好朋友We’llreaditasecondtime.我們將再讀一遍當當表示”又一，再一“時，序數(shù)詞前不用the，但可加不定冠詞a/an②可以用于年、月、日的表達；年、月用基數(shù)詞，日用序數(shù)詞如：Maythefirst/thefirstofMay5月1日Augusttheeighth/theeighthofAugust8月1日March18th,19781978年3月18日③可以用于分數(shù)的表達；分子是基數(shù)詞，分母是序數(shù)詞；當分子大于1時，分母用復數(shù)形式如：twofifthsonethirdsixsevenths注意：1/2通常讀作a(one)half1/4可讀作a(one)fourth或a(one)quarter④表示編號的時候，經(jīng)常把基數(shù)詞放在名詞的前面表示順序相當于the＋序數(shù)詞＋名詞，也可以用“名詞+基數(shù)詞”如：LessonFive＝thefifthlesson第五課⑤可以用于倍數(shù)表達，”基數(shù)詞+times“表示“...是...幾倍”=twice/double=twice/double如：Thisroomistwotimesasbigasthatone.=twice/double=twice/doubleThisroomistwotimesbiggerthanthatone.=twice/doubleThisroomistwotimesthesizeofthatone.=twice/double考向三分數(shù)的表達法分數(shù)是由基數(shù)詞作分子，序數(shù)詞作分母構成的。除了分子是＂1＂的情況外，序數(shù)詞都要用復數(shù)。?1/3onethird7/9sevenninths【注意】一些特殊的分數(shù)表達法：?ahalf二分之一aquarter=onefourth四分之一threequarters=threefourth四分之三一、單項選擇1．（2023·黑龍江哈爾濱·模擬預測）Hereisthemenuofarestaurant.Jimusuallyordersasoup,afruitsalad,apizzaandacupofcoffeeforlunch.TodayisspecialThursday.Hewillspend________dollarsonhislunch.SoupisfreeforspecialThursdaySoup&SaladMaindishesDrinksSoup$4Pizza$18Coffee$3Potatosalad$5Pancake$10Tea$2Fruitsalad$6Pie$8Juice$1A．31 B．4 C．272．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第一中學?？寄M預測）________ofthestudentsinourclass________goingtothesummercampinXiamennextweek.A．Twofifths;is B．Secondfifths;are C．Twofifths;are3．（2023·甘肅臨夏·統(tǒng)考模擬預測）TheGreatWallisasymbolofChina.________travelersfromallovertheworldvisititeveryyear.A．Tenmillionsof B．Tenmillions C．Millionof D．Millionsof4．（2023·四川瀘州·統(tǒng)考二模）—Xi’anisabeautifulcitywithapopulationofabout13________.—Yes.Andeveryyear________oftouristsvisitit.A．million;million B．millions;millionC．million;millions D．millions;millions5．（2023·重慶永川·統(tǒng)考一模）Thereare________picturesandthe________oneismyfamilyphoto.A．two;first B．two;two C．first;first D．first;two6．（2023·甘肅白銀·統(tǒng)考二模）About________ofthestudentsinourclasslikeancientpoemsandtheycanwritesomebythemselves.A．twothird B．secondthree C．twothirds D．secondthrees7．（2023·江蘇宿遷·校聯(lián)考三模）Mygrandparentsliveinanoldbuildingwith________floorsandtheirflatisonthe________floor.A．sixth;three B．sixth;third C．six;three D．six;third8．（2023·黑龍江佳木斯·統(tǒng)考三模）About________oftheworkersinthefactorywereborninthe________.A．twofifths;1970 B．twofifth;1970 C．twofifths;1970s9．（2023·湖北恩施·統(tǒng)考二模）NationalDayisinOctober,the________monthoftheyear,andiscelebratedbypeoplealloverthecountry.A．ten B．tenth C．ninth10．（2023·黑龍江齊齊哈爾·統(tǒng)考三模）Shakespeareismyfavoritewriter.It’ssaidthat________ofhisplayswerewritteninhis________.A．onethirds；fifties B．onethird；fifty C．onethird；fifties11．（2023·福建泉州·統(tǒng)考三模）JanehasbeentoQuanzhoutwicebeforeandthisishertimetoehere.A．second B．third C．fourth12．（2023·黑龍江哈爾濱·哈爾濱市第十七中學校?？既＃狣oyouknowJuly1stof2023isthe________birthdayoftheCPC（中國共產(chǎn)黨）?—Ofcourse.Thankstoit,Chinesearepullingtogethertoachievethesecondcentenarygoals.A．onehundredandtwo B．onehundredthandsecond C．onehundredandsecond13．（2023·黑龍江哈爾濱·統(tǒng)考二模）Lunchisimportantforstudents.Someofthemchoose“OutsideSmallTable”.Parentshavedifferentopinionsaboutit.________parentsof500worryaboutthat“OutsideSmallTable”hashealthtrouble.OpinionSatisfyingpersonalneedBadeatingenvironmentHavinghealthtroublePercentage25%35%?A．150 B．100 C．20014．（2023·甘肅白銀·統(tǒng)考三模）Ataquartertofive,ImetGinainthelibrary.A．4:15 B．4:45 C．5:15 D．5:4515．（2023·黑龍江雞西·統(tǒng)考一模）Theriveris________deep.Itisdangerousforyoungkidstoplayorswiminit.A．twoandhalfmeter B．twoandonehalfmeters C．twoandahalfmeters二、語法選擇（2023·廣東廣州·統(tǒng)考二模）YuanLongping,knownasthe“fatherofhybridrice”,diedattheageof91inChangshainMay2021,16hislegacyliveson,mostrecentlywiththesuccessfuldevelopmentofthe“hugerice”.Itistwiceastallasmonrice17isusuallyaboutonemetertall.In2018,hisspecialtypeofrice18inChongqingfor15mu.Itwasgrown19Mayandharvestedfourmonthslater.Eachmuofthefields20about750—900kilograms.Thistypeofriceisnotonlystrongandtall,butalsoresistanttoflood.Itcan21bringmanynutrientstoplantsnearbyandprovide22goodlivingenvironmentforanimalsinwater.23thewaterinthericefieldsis6080centimetersdeep,it24evenbeusedtoraisefishes.Fromnextyear,“thegiantrice”willbeplantedin25muoffieldsinChongqing.Yuanoncetoldthereporter26hedreamed:to“enjoythecoolshadebeneathriceplants27thanmen”andtoseehybridricegrownallovertheworldtohelpsolvetheglobalfoodshortage.But28,hecan’tseethisachievement.Manypeoplepostedonlinetopaytribute（致敬）toYuanafter29thesuccessofdevelopingthe“giantrice”,saying“30dreamisgraduallyingtrue.Canyouseeit?”16．A．a(chǎn)nd B．but C．so D．or17．A．which B．who C．whom D．whose18．A．planted B．plants C．wasplanted D．wasplanting19．A．on B．in C．for D．with20．A．produce B．produces C．produced D．wasproducing21．A．a(chǎn)lso B．too C．either D．a(chǎn)swell22．A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the D．/23．A．Because B．Unless C．Although D．When24．A．can B．may C．must D．should25．A．thousand B．thousands C．thousandof D．thousandsof26．A．why B．that C．what D．how27．A．tall B．taller C．tallest D．thetallest28．A．sad B．sadly C．moresadly D．mostsadly29．A．toknow B．knew C．knows D．knowing30．A．You B．Your C．Yours D．Yourself三、用所給單詞適當形式填空31．（2023·云南昆明·昆明八中校考模擬預測）Theoldmanisinhis,butheseemshealthyandhappy.(sixty)32．（2023·甘肅武威·統(tǒng)考模擬預測）MayesafterAprilanditisthe(five)monthofayear.33．（2023·甘肅平?jīng)觥ば？寄M預測）Iaminmy(three)yearinthismiddleschool.34．（2023·甘肅臨夏·統(tǒng)考模擬預測）China’sNationalDayesinOctober,the(ten)monthoftheyear.35．（2023·甘肅定西·?？寄M預測）Theoldmanlivesonthe(twelve)floor.36．（2023·甘肅定西·統(tǒng)考模擬預測）SeventyyearoldFrankisthe(fortyfive)presidentofourschool.37．（2023·湖南永州·統(tǒng)考二模）Thisyearisthe(twentyeight)WorldReadingDay.38．（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考二模）Accordingtoarecentsurvey,onlytwo(five)oftheworkingmotherswanttohaveasecondchild.39．（2023·云南昆明·統(tǒng)考二模）TreePlantingDayisontheofMarch.Weplantmanytreesthatdayeveryyear.(twelve)40．