新概念英語第三冊+Lesson42+Modern+cavemen課堂筆記講義

Lesson42Moderncavemen現(xiàn)代洞穴人、Caveexploration,orpot-holing,（as正如ithascometobeknown,方式狀語從句）isarelativelynewsport.Perhapsitisthedesireforsolitudeorthechanceofmakinganunexpecteddiscoverythatlurespeopledowntothedepthsoftheearth.洞穴勘查——或洞穴勘探——是一項(xiàng)比較新的體育活動(dòng)。尋求獨(dú)處的愿望或?qū)で笠馔獍l(fā)現(xiàn)的機(jī)會的欲望吸引人們來到地下深處。exploration(n.)探索，探險(xiǎn)——explore(v.)relatively(adv.)相對地，相對而言solitude(n.)獨(dú)處，獨(dú)居，孤單，寂寞eg.她享受在自己的公寓獨(dú)處。Sheenjoysthesolitudeofherownflat.lure(v.)引誘，誘惑（消極）=attract吸引luresb.intodoingsth.誘惑某人做某事eg.人們可能被聰明的廣告商誘惑買東西。Peoplemaybeluredbythesmartadvertisersintobuyingproducts.強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)：Itis/was+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其余部分eg.Iboughtacatinthatshopyesterday.2、Itisimpossibletogiveasatisfactoryexplanationforapot-holer'smotives.Forhim,caveshavethesamepeculiarfascination（whichhighmountainshavefortheclimber定語從句）.Theyarouseinstincts（whichcanonlybedimlyunderstood定語從句）.要想對洞穴探險(xiǎn)者的動(dòng)機(jī)作出滿意的解釋是不可能的。對洞穴探險(xiǎn)者來說，洞穴有一種特殊的魅力，就像高山對登山者有特殊魅力一樣。為什么洞空能引發(fā)人的那種探險(xiǎn)本能，人們對此只能有一種模模糊糊的理解。motive(n.)動(dòng)機(jī)——motor(n.)馬達(dá)，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)peculiarfascination特殊的吸引力arouse(v.)喚起，激起，引起（arousedaroused）eg.arouseinstinct喚起本能arousesympathy喚起同情arouseappetite勾起食欲arouseanger/fear/interest/suspiction引起憤怒/恐懼/興趣/懷疑3、ExploringreallydeepcavesisnotataskfortheSundayafternoonrambler.Suchundertakingsrequirethepreciseplanningandforesightofmilitaryoperations.探測非常深的洞穴不是那些在星期日下午漫步的人所能勝任的。這種活動(dòng)需要有軍事行動(dòng)般的周密布署和預(yù)見能力。really(adv.)非常=extraordinarily=extremely=quite=mostrambler(n.)漫步者ramble(v.)漫步（浪漫）wander(v.)漫步（漫無目的）march齊步走，正步走stride大步流星地走tiptoe=creep躡手躡腳地走trudge吃力地走，拖著沉重地步子走wade蹚著水走stagger蹣跚地走undertaking(n.)任務(wù)，重任undertake(v.)承擔(dān)，從事eg.舉辦奧運(yùn)會將是一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)。HoldingtheOlympicGameswillbearoughundertaking.precise(adj.)準(zhǔn)確的，精確的foresight(n.)預(yù)見（forehead額頭）=beforesee4、Itcantakeaslongaseightdaystorigupropeladdersandtoestablishsupplybasesbeforeadescentcanbemadeintoaverydeepcave.Precautionsofthissortarenecessary,（foritisimpossibletoforetelltheexactnatureofthedifficulties[whichwillconfrontthepot-holer原因狀語從句）定語從句].有時(shí)需要花費(fèi)整整8天時(shí)間來搭起繩梯，建立供應(yīng)基地，然后才能到一個(gè)很深的洞穴里。作出這樣的準(zhǔn)備是必要的，因?yàn)闊o法預(yù)見到洞穴探險(xiǎn)者究竟會遇到什么性質(zhì)的困難。aslongas長達(dá)rigup搭起=setup=putup=establishdescent(n.)下降——descend(v.)——descendant(n.)后代ascent(n.)上升——ascend(v.)——ancestor(n.)祖先precaution(n.)預(yù)防措施pre-預(yù)先（前綴）+caution(n.)當(dāng)心foretell(v.)預(yù)告foreknow(v.)預(yù)知sth.confrontsb.面臨=sb.beconfrontedwithsth.eg.顧客們面臨各種各樣困惑的選擇。Thecustomerswillbeconfrontedwithabewilderingvariousofchoices.5、ThedeepestknowncaveintheworldistheGouffreBergernearGrenoble.Itextendstoadepthof3,723feet.Thisimmensechasmhasbeenformedbyanundergroundstream（whichhastunneledacoursethroughaflawintherocks）.世界上最深的洞穴是格里諾布爾附近的高弗.伯杰洞，深達(dá)3,723英尺。這個(gè)深邃的洞穴是由一條地下暗泉沖刷巖石中的縫隙并使之慢慢變大而形成的。chasm(n.)（地上）深坑，鴻溝（巨大的差距）eg.在發(fā)達(dá)國家和發(fā)展中國家之間有巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)鴻溝。Thereisavasteconomicchasmbetweenthedevelopedcountryanddevelopingcountry.tunnel(n.)隧道（v.）挖隧道（名詞動(dòng)詞化）flaw(n.)裂紋，漏洞，瑕疵eg.驕傲是他性格里最大的瑕疵。Prideisthebiggestflawinhispersonality.6、TheentrancetothecaveisonaplateauintheDauphineAlps.（Asitisonlysixfeetacross原因狀語從句）,itisbarelynoticeable.ThecavemightneverhavebeendiscoveredhadnottheentrancebeenspottedbythedistinguishedFrenchpot-holer,Berger.Sinceitsdiscovery,ithasbecomeasortofpotholers'Everest.Thoughanumberofdescentshavebeenmade,muchofitstillremainstobeexplored.此洞的洞口在丹芬阿爾卑斯山的高原上，僅6英尺寬，很難被發(fā)現(xiàn)。若不是法國著名洞穴探險(xiǎn)家伯杰由于偶然的機(jī)會發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個(gè)洞口的話，這個(gè)洞也許不會為人所知。自從被發(fā)現(xiàn)以后，這個(gè)洞成了洞穴探險(xiǎn)者的珠穆朗瑪峰，人們多次進(jìn)入洞內(nèi)探險(xiǎn)，但至今尚有不少東西有待勘探。barely(adv.)僅僅地，勉強(qiáng)地=narrowlyif引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，省略if，句子倒裝：iftheentrancehadnotbeenspotted=hadnottheentrancebeenspotteddistinguished(adj.)著名的，杰出的7、Ateamofpot-holersrecentlywentdowntheGouffreBerger.Afterenteringthenarrowgapontheplateau,theyclimbeddownthesteepsidesofthecaveuntiltheycametonarrowcorridor.Theyhadtoedgetheirwayalongthis,sometimeswadingacrossshallowstreams,orswimmingacrossdeeppools.最近，一隊(duì)洞穴探險(xiǎn)者下到了高弗.伯杰洞里。他們從高原上的窄縫進(jìn)去，順著筆直陡峭的洞壁往下爬。來到一條狹窄的走廊上。他們不得不側(cè)著身子往前走，有時(shí)過淺溪，有時(shí)游過深潭。gap(n.)缺口，差距eg.gernationgap代溝edgeone’sway側(cè)身擠（走）過8、Suddenlytheycametoawaterfall（whichdroppedintoanundergroundlakeatthebottomofthecave定語從句）.Theyplungedintothelake,andafterloadingtheirgearonaninflatablerubberdinghy,letthecurrentcarrythemtotheotherside.突然，他們來到一道瀑布前，那瀑布奔瀉而下，注入洞底一處地下湖里。他們跳入湖中，把各種器具裝上一只充氣的橡皮艇，聽任水流將他們帶往對岸。gear(n.)全套裝備inflatable(adj.)充氣的inflate(v.)給…充氣，使…通脹inflation(n.)膨脹，通貨膨脹current(n.)流eg.aircurrent氣流watercurrent水流electrictycurrent電流9、Toprotectthemselvesfromtheicywater,theyhadtowearspecialrubbersuits.Atthefarendofthelake,theycametohugepilesofrubble（whichhadbeenwashedupbythewater定語從句）.突湖水冰冷刺骨，他們必須穿上一種特制的橡皮服以保護(hù)自己。在湖的盡頭，他們見到一大堆一大堆由湖水沖刷上岸的碎石。pilesof=apileof一堆rubble(n.)小碎石[u]10、Inthispartofthecave,theycouldhearaninsistentboomingsound（whichtheyfoundwascausedbyasmallwaterspoutshootingdownintoapoolfromtheroofofthecave定語從句）.在這兒，他們可以聽見一種連續(xù)不斷的轟鳴聲。后來他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這是由山洞頂部的一個(gè)小孔里噴出的水柱跌落到水潭中發(fā)出的聲音。spout(v.)噴涌waterspout水柱11、Squeezingthroughacleftintherocks,thepot-holersarrivedatanenormouscavern,thesizeofahugeconcerthall.Afterswitchingonpowerfularclights,theysawgreatstalagmites石筍--someofthemoverfortyfeethigh--risingupliketree-trunkstomeetthestalactites鐘乳石suspendedfromtheroof.Roundabout,pilesoflimestoneglistenedinallthecoloursoftherainbow.洞穴探險(xiǎn)者從巖石縫里擠身過去，來到一個(gè)巨大的洞里，其大小相當(dāng)于一個(gè)音樂廳。他們打開強(qiáng)力弧光燈，看見一株株巨大的石筍，有的高達(dá)40英尺，像樹干似地向上長著，與洞頂懸掛下來的鐘乳石相接。周圍