語法導(dǎo)學(xué)案-虛擬語氣

動(dòng)詞的語氣（MoodofVerb）動(dòng)詞的語氣（MoodofVerb）陳述語氣(TheIndicativeMood)祈使語氣(TheImperativeMood)虛擬語氣(TheSubjunctiveMood)陳述語氣：表示說話者所說的是事實(shí)。Youareverycareful.你很細(xì)心。祈使語氣：表示說話人對(duì)聽話人的命令或請(qǐng)求。Don’tbenervous.不要緊張。虛擬語氣：表示說話人的一種主觀愿望、假想或建議。IwishIwereafilmstar.我希望我是個(gè)電影明星。虛擬語氣（theSubjunctiveMood）一、If條件從句的虛擬語氣IfIwereyou,Iwouldhelpher.如果我是你，我就幫助她。IfIhadenoughmoneynow,Iwouldbuyacar.如果我現(xiàn)在有足夠的錢。我就買車了。IfIsawhimtonight,Iwouldletyouknow.如果今晚我看見她。我就通知你。Ifitshouldbefinetomorrow,hewouldcomehere.如果明天好，他就會(huì)來。Ifheweretocometomorrow,Imighttalkwithhim.如果他明天來，我或許跟他談?wù)?。IfIhadmetyouyesterday,Ishouldhavetoldyouaboutit.如果我昨天遇到你的話，我就會(huì)告訴你那件事。Ifhehadgotupearlierthismorning,hecouldhavecaughtthefirstbus.如果他今天早上早起一點(diǎn)兒的話，就趕上第一班車了【規(guī)律總結(jié)】根據(jù)上面的句子，完成下列表格，注意例句中是什么時(shí)間，主從句中的動(dòng)詞形式主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞將來現(xiàn)在過去【鞏固練習(xí)1】1.Davidisn’tthirsty.Ifhe______(be),he_________(drink)thewater.2.Mr.YaoMingisbusynow.Ifhe_______(be),he___________(visit)you.3.IfPeter______(come)toourschooltomorrow,he______(go)toartclass.4.IfAlfred________(pay)moreattentionatthetime,he______(notmiss)teacher’sinstruction.5.Ifshe_____(be)there,she_______(meet)somereallyinterestingpeople.【注意】If條件句虛擬中的特殊情況條件句中有were，had，should時(shí)，可把if省略，而把were，had，should放在主語前，用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于書面語中。(1)WereITom（IfIwereTom）,Iwouldrefuse.(2)Shoulditbenecessary（Ifitshouldbenecessary）,Iwillgo.(3)Haditnotbeenforthebadweather(Ifithadnotbeenforthebadweather),wewouldhavearrivedintime.【注】①若條件從句為否定句，否定詞not應(yīng)置于主語之后，而不能與were,should,had等縮略成Weren’t,Shouldn’t,Hadn’t而置于句首。②有時(shí)省略if后提前的had不是助動(dòng)詞：HadItime(=IfIhadtime),Iwouldcome.2.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間的虛擬語氣。假設(shè)條件從句謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間不一致，叫做錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬語氣。主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要依照各自假設(shè)的時(shí)間而定。Ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher’sadvice,youwouldn’tbeinthehospitalnow.3.含蓄虛擬語氣。有時(shí)，假設(shè)的情況不適用條件句來表達(dá)，而是由介詞短語(without...沒有…，butfor要不是…)，連詞（but但是），副詞（otherwise，or否則）等或上下文來表示。例如：Withoutelectricity(=Iftherewerenoelectricity),lifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.沒有電，生活就和現(xiàn)在兩樣了。(1)Butforhishelp,Iwouldnothavefinished.(2)Iamnotanartist，orIwouldpaintitbymyself?！眷柟叹毩?xí)2】1.Wereitnotforthesnowyweather,we_____allright.

A.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.maybe

2.______morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.

A.IfthecaptainwereB.Hadthecaptainbeen

C.ShouldthecaptainbeD.Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen

3._______metomorrow,Iwouldlethimknow.

A.ShouldhecallB.Shouldhenothavebeenable

C.WerehenotableD.Arehenotable

4.____theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday.

A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor

5.Johndidnotfeelwellyesterday;otherwisehe_______tovisithisGrandpa.A.cameB.wouldcomeC.wouldhavecomeD.shouldbecoming二.wish賓語從句中的虛擬語氣IwishIwereabird.IwishIhadacarnow.IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.IwishIhadfollowedyouradvice.Iwishmyparentswouldn’tpunishme.IwishTomcouldcometomorrow.IwishyoumightbeanotherBillGatesoneday.三.asif從句的虛擬語氣Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.Itseemsasifitwerespring.Shetalkstomeasifsheknewme.Shetalksaboutitagainandagainasthoughshewouldneverend.Shetalksaboutitasifshemightbethemanager.【規(guī)律總結(jié)】就上面的例句，總結(jié)各從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的使用情況If條件狀語從句Wish賓語從句Asif從句過去現(xiàn)在將來總結(jié)后，進(jìn)行比較，你發(fā)現(xiàn):______________________________________________四．與表達(dá)“要求，建議，命令”意義有關(guān)的名詞性從句（主語，表語，賓語和同位語從句），謂語動(dòng)詞的虛擬語氣使用：（should）do，shuold可以省略的形式?！揪毩?xí)鞏固3】1.WesuggestedthatTom_______(have)arest.2.HeinsistedthatI_________(be)present.3.It’ssuggestedthattheplan_________(carryout)4.Mydemandisthatshe__________(come)toseemeonceaweek.5.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactory___(closedown).【記憶一訣】一個(gè)堅(jiān)持：insist兩個(gè)命令：order,command三個(gè)建議：advise,suggest,propose四個(gè)要求：demand,require,request,desire五.特殊記憶的句型1.It’s(about/high)time+that+過去時(shí)或者是shoulddo,should不能省略。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.(你該走了。)2.Ifonly…(要是…就好了)IfonlyIknewhisname!（要是我知道他的名字就好了）Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!(要是我聽從父母的建議就好了。)IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!(要是我能再見他一次就好了。)3.Wouldrather，wouldprefer,wouldsooner和wouldassoone的虛擬語氣從句中動(dòng)詞過去式表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在和將來情況的虛擬，過去完成式表示對(duì)過去情況的虛擬Iwouldratherwedidn’tgotoseeafilmthisevening.我寧愿今晚不去看電影。I’dratheryouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.我真希望你昨天就把這本書還了。Itisnecessary/important/natural/strange/amazing/surprisingthat…(should)doItisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.掌握一門外語是很重要的。Itisstrangethatshe（should）refusetocometotheparty.奇怪的是她沒有拒絕參加晚會(huì)。It’snecessarythatwe(should)studyhard.我們努力學(xué)習(xí)是很必要的?！揪毩?xí)鞏固4】1.Ifit____________rain,thecropswouldbesaved.A．should B．will C．isgoingto D．wasto2.Heorderedthatthemedicine_____________byaspecialplane.A．wassentB．wouldbesent C．shouldsend D．besent3.Ifyou_____________themedicine,you____________betternow.A.took,wouldfeel B.hadtaken,feltC.hadtaken,wouldfeelD.took,wouldhavefelt4.Sheismysister,butsheoftenactsasifshe____________mymother.A．is B．was C．were D．hadbeen5.Iwenttobedearlylastnight,butIwishI_____________so.A．didn’tdo B．hadn’tdoneC.haven’tdoneD．couldn’tdo6.I’dratherhe______________tomorrowafternoon.A．willcome B．comes C．coming D．came我的疑問：虛擬語氣110題A.語法導(dǎo)學(xué)案參考答案鞏固練習(xí)1:(1)were;woulddrink