語法復(fù)習(xí)-動詞時態(tài)

學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)--動詞時態(tài)【時態(tài)的基本概念】時態(tài)是表示謂語動作時間概念的動詞形式。英語中的時態(tài)專指謂語動詞而言，不同時間概念的謂語動作有不同的時態(tài)，每一個時態(tài)又有各自不同的動詞形式。高中階段要求學(xué)生熟練掌握八種時態(tài)，此外現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時在高中教材中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，也應(yīng)列入"應(yīng)知應(yīng)會"的范圍。1.一般現(xiàn)在時：經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或規(guī)律性的動作。Eachpersonneedswaterandadietofhealthyfood.(P.2,SeniorBook1B)Themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.(P.8,SeniorBook2B)在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的概念。引起時間狀語從句的連詞有：when,after,before,until,assoonas；引起條件狀語從句的連詞有：if,unless;so(as)longas。Iwillnotstopmyfightagainstslaveryuntilallslavesarefree.(P.52,SeniorBook1A)2.一般過去時：過去發(fā)生過了的動作，這個動作的全過程已經(jīng)結(jié)束。諸如yesterday,last……ago都是典型的一般過去時的時間狀語。Fortunately,Iwasintimefortheinterview.(P.34,SeniorBook2B)TheinterviewwentwellandItoldthecompanyaboutmyexperiencesandansweredtheirquestionsashonestlyasIcould.(P.34,SeniorBook2B)3.一般將來時：將要發(fā)生的動作。----It'sabitwindytoday,isn'tit?----Yes,itis.Hopefullytomorrowwillturnoutfine.(P.43,seniorBook2B)Besides,youwillnotfindcoralnearthemouthsofriverseitherbecausetheriverwaterhastoomuchsoilinitorbecauseitispolluted.(P.20,SeniorBook2B)Doyouthinkourmanagerisgoingtohaveanewfactorybuilt?(P.24,SeniorBook2B)4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：說話時正在發(fā)生的動作。I'mdoingawordpuzzleinthisnewspaper.I'mtryingtofindthenameofafamousperson.Canyouhelpme?(P.1,SeniorBook2B)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時同always配合使用時，帶有厭惡、批評，不喜歡等感情色彩。Theyalsohavebadteeth,becauseofthesugarwhichtheyarealwayseating.(P.3,SeniorBook1B)5.過去進(jìn)行時:過去某一時間或某段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作。Heboughtacoffeeandasthetrainwastravelingfastandmovingfromsidetoside,hedecidedtodrinkitthereandnottocarryitbacktohisseat.(P.32,SeniorBook2B)Over500peoplewereworkinginthebuildingwhenthefirebrokeoutonthe11thfloor.(P.6,SeniorBook1B)6.現(xiàn)在完成時：與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系的過去的動作。Mr.BallhasjustcalledonMrs.Zhutogiveheramessage.(P.13,SeniorBook2B)同現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系是："剛剛探訪了朱夫人，給她帶了口信"，這件事距現(xiàn)在時間很近，沒有多長時間。WeshallhavetomakeadecisionaboutMsKing,whosestoryIhavejusttoldyou.(P.19,SeniorBook1B)同現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系是：現(xiàn)在你們已經(jīng)知道有關(guān)她的經(jīng)歷，不會影響做出決定。7.過去完成時：比過去的一個參照動作或時間更早的動作，作為參照的過去的動作或時間有時在句子中直接表述出來，有時通過上下文暗示。Herparentsweredeadandhadleftheralotofmoney.(P.14,SeniorBook2B)本句中hadleftheralotofmoney發(fā)生在herparentsweredead之前，比較容易看出"過去的過去"，應(yīng)該不會產(chǎn)生理解上的困難。Einsteinhadalwaysbeenfondofmusicandhadlearntmusicasayoungboy.(P.3,SeniorBook2B)課文一直在敘述愛因斯坦的經(jīng)歷、成就，使用的都是一般過去時。或者我們可以說一般過去時是課文的基礎(chǔ)時態(tài)。課文的最后又倒敘愛因斯坦少年時代的事情，這是比基礎(chǔ)時態(tài)一般過去時更早的動作，因此兩個并列的謂語動詞都用過去完成時。在這類句子中，作為參照的動作或時間需要我們通過對文章的整體理解才能體會出來。8.過去將來時：以過去某一時間為參照，將要發(fā)生的動作。在賓語從句中由于時態(tài)呼應(yīng)的要求，經(jīng)常會用到過去將來時。Ithoughtitwasgoingtobefun.(P.54,SeniorBook1A)針對Ithought這個過去的動作而言的將來。9.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時：由過去開始，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行的動作?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時在句子中一般可以翻譯成"一直┉"。Peoplehavebeentalkingofitalotrecently.(P.25,SeniorBook2B)最近人們一直在大量地談?wù)撨@件事。Pippa'sparentshavebeenwaitingforthem.(P.61,SeniorBook2A)Pippa的父母一直在等他們。Foryearswehavebeendreamingbetterhousingandjobs.(P.37,SeniorBook2B)多年來我們一直夢想著更好的住房和工作?！鞠嚓P(guān)知識及運(yùn)用】1. 一般過去時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時的區(qū)別。上述三個時態(tài)在使用中容易混淆是因?yàn)樗麄冇邢嘟牡胤?，這個相近之處就是"過去"。現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時的概念都同"過去"有關(guān)，彼此之間的混淆便由此產(chǎn)生。只有抓住他們的不同，才能熟練地將這三種時態(tài)區(qū)別開。①一般過去時只用以陳述過去發(fā)生過的事情。InapoordistrictinParis,intheyear1775,therewasawineshop,theownerofwhichwasMonsieurDefarge.(P.56,SeniorBook2B)向讀者陳述1775年所發(fā)生的故事的地點(diǎn)、人物等有關(guān)信息。②現(xiàn)在完成時表達(dá)的動作雖然發(fā)生在過去，但說話時要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是這個過去的動作與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系，語意的重心著眼于現(xiàn)在。這種過去的動作同現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系有兩種情況：a)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在仍具有影響。----Wouldyougotoseethefilmwithmethisevening?----Sorry,Ihaveseenitbefore.haveseenthefilm的動作肯定發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在的影響是"我不想和你去看了"。b)過去的動作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。表示這種延續(xù)時經(jīng)常會用到for、since一類時間狀語。IhaveworkedinBeijingsinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.(從畢業(yè)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在)WehavelivedinBeijingforabout20years.(20年前發(fā)生的"live"，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在)③過去完成時必須有一個過去的動作作為參照點(diǎn)，由此發(fā)生了同一般過去時混淆的問題。過去完成時是一種相對的時態(tài)，它必須有一個過去的動作為參照，比這個過去的參照動作更早的動作才能用過去完成時。如果沒有這個過去的參照的動作，就沒有過去完成時，即使是一億年前的動作也是一般過去時。WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadbegun.gottothecinema是過去的動作，hadbegun則發(fā)生在gottothecinema之前。進(jìn)行時態(tài)的兩種概念現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時和過去進(jìn)行時都具有兩種不同的時間概念：瞬間概念和階段概念。①現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的瞬間概念就是"說話的時候"。表示瞬間概念時，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的時態(tài)特點(diǎn)是，動作已經(jīng)開始，正在過程中，但尚未結(jié)束?；谶@一特點(diǎn)，下列句子通常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，以表達(dá)動作沒有結(jié)束。Ourcountryisgettingstrongerandstronger.I'mgettingonwellwithmyEnglish.過去進(jìn)行時的瞬間概念通常用表示"點(diǎn)時間"的時間狀語表達(dá)出來。Iwasdoingmyhomeworkthistimeyesterday.MotherwascookingwhenIcamehome.②階段概念的時間狀語是"段時間"，表示在一段時間內(nèi)一直在做的動作，至于動作是否結(jié)束則不是說話者所關(guān)心的。Heiswritinganewnovelthesedays.這些天他一直在寫一本新小說。（沒有干其他的事情）Theworkerswerebuildingabridgelastyear.這些工人們?nèi)ツ暌恢痹谛藿ㄒ蛔鶚颉?. 將來時的五種動詞形式1.will(shall)+動詞原形，用以表示"預(yù)見"和"主觀意圖"GothroughthegateandyouwillfindtheentrancetoBearCountryontheotherside.(P1,SeniorBook2A)（表示"預(yù)見"）Let'sgotogetherthen.Iwillmeetyouatthetheatreatsix-thirty.(P.19,SeniorBook2A)(表示"主觀意圖)2.begoingto+動詞原形，用以表示"打算做某事"或"已經(jīng)有跡象將要發(fā)生的情況。I'mgoingtocutthistreedown.(P.25,SeniorBook1B)Itisgoingtorain.(有跡象表明將要下雨)3.beto+動詞原形，用以表示按照計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作或表示命令、禁止。Themessageisthis:youaretogotothehotelwhereroomshavealreadybeenbookedforyou.(P.33,SeniorBook2B)4.willbedoing，在當(dāng)代英語中用以表示純粹的將來。Whowillbetakingoverherjob?Everybodyelsewillbewearingjewellery.(P.13,SeniorBook1B)5.用進(jìn)行時的動詞形式表示將來的概念。這種用法通常僅限于瞬間動詞，因?yàn)樗查g動詞不可能有"進(jìn)行"的概念，所以不會產(chǎn)生歧義。Howmanyofyouaremakingthetrip?(P.9,SeniorBook1B)Isanybodyseeingyouoff?(P.13SeniorBook1A)時態(tài)語態(tài)基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練1I.用所給動詞的適當(dāng)?shù)倪^去時或?qū)頃r的形式填充。1.Let'skeeptothepointorwe______never_______(reach)anydecisions.2.Mymindwasn'tonwhathewassaying,soI'mafraidI______(miss)halfofit.3.Idon'tthinkJimsawme;he_____just______(start)intospace.4.I____(ask)younottomovemydictionary--nowIcan'tfindit.5.SalesofCDshavegreatlyincreasedsincetheearly1990s,whenpeople______(begin)toenjoytheadvantagesofthisnewtechnology.6.--GeorgeandLucygotmarriedlastweek.Didyougototheirwedding?--No,I__________________(invite).Didtheyhaveabigwedding?7.Shirley_____(write)abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon'tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.8.JohnandIhavebeenfriendsforeightyears.WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmasparty.Butwe___________(see)eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.9.Hiswife___________(hope)tocatchthefirsttrainbutshewastoolate.10.I___________(catch)intheheavyrainonthewaytothecinema.11.Ifoundthesentence___________(notread)smoothly.12.Whathehadsaidatthemeeting_____(prove)true.13.---DidyouseeTomattheparty?---No.He__________(leave)bythetimeIarrived.14.---Howtimeflies!It'salready10o'clock.---Oh,I__________(notrealize)itatall.15.---I'msorrythatIshouldn'thavebeensorudetoyou.---Youdid_____(lose)yourtemperbutthat'sOK.II.用所給動詞的適當(dāng)?shù)倪^去時或?qū)頃r的形式確翻譯下列各句：1.Thethieftriedtobreakawayfromthepolicemanwho__________(一直抓著)himbutfailed.2.--WhatwereyoudoingwhenTonyphonedyou?--Ihadjustfinishedmyworkand_________(正準(zhǔn)備開始)totakeashower.3.--YouwereoutwhenIdroppedinatyourhouse.--Oh,I__________(在等候)forafriendfromEnglandattheairport.4.---Whyhaven'tyouaskedhertocomehere?---She______(正在做工)animportantexperimentwhenIfoundherandshehasn'tfinishedit.5.---Whatwereyouuptowhenshedroppedin?---I__________(剛玩了一會兒)forawhileand____________________(正打算看書)somereading.6.Turnonthetelevisionoropenamagazineandyou______often_____(會看到)advertisementshowinghappyfamilies.7.---Whatplaceisit?---Haven'tyouseenthatwearebackwherewe_____(回到了原地)?8.---Tomorrowismybirthday.I'dlikeyouandJanetocome.---I'mnotsureifshe__________(將)free.9.Thecrazyfans_________________(一直在等)patientlyfortwohoursandtheywouldwaittillthemoviestararrived.10.You______________(要求你ask)nottomovethedesk--nowitisbroken.時態(tài)語態(tài)基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練21.BythetimeIsawtheangryexpressioninhisface,I_____exactlywhatIwashavingtoface.Butnotforamoment_______Ishouldquit.A.hadknown;IthoughtB.haveknown;hadIthoughtC.wouldknow;IwouldthinkD.knew;didIthink2.Insuchafiercecompetition,apersonhastomakeeveryeffortifhe_____.A.hassucceededB.istosucceedC.shouldsucceedD.willsucceed3.Themanopenedhiseyesandmovedhislips,asif______thathehadsomethingtotellthedoctor.A.sayingB.havingsaidC.tosayD.tohavesaid4.-IsthemeetingheldinRoom302or303?-Itshouldbe302.ButIhearthatit_____tilltomorrow.A.wasputoffB.willputoffC.hasbeenputoffD.isputoff5.TheUniversityofTokyoistheoldestuniversityinJapanandhasalwaysbeenintheleadwhenitcomesto____newchallenges.A.befacedB.faceC.facingD.faced6.Infact,moreandmorepeople_____toliveagreener,healthierandmoreenvironmentally"greenlife".A.choseB.chooseC.arechoosingD.havechosen7.Ourcar_____atthepresentspeeduntilitreachesQingdaoataboutnineo'clocktonight.A.wentB.isgoingC.goesD.willbegoing8.Chinais_____to______continuedhelptoIraqinitsreconstruction.A.willingly;giveB.willing;givingC.willing;offerD.will;offering9.-Ithoughtyouweregoingtoleaveearlytodaytotakeyoursontotheshow.-I________,butIcan'tleaveuntilIfinishtypingalltheletters.A.hadplannedtoB.plannedtoC.amstillplanningtoD.wasstillplanningto10.Unfortunately,whenwedroppedin,DoctorLi_______forIndonesiatorescuetheinjuredthere,soweonlyhadtimeforafewwords.A.hasjustleftB.wasjustleavingC.hadjustleftD.justleft11.-Istheradiobotheringyou?-Itcertainlyis.I'dlikeit_______.A.turnedoffB.toturnoffC.beingturnedoffD.turningoff12.Theteacherseldomletanopportunitytoteachhisstudentsortohelpthemmakeupforthedaysofschoolingtheyhadmissed______.A.passB.passingC.topassD.beingpassed13.Recentlyquitealotofexperts_____thatanotherlawonwildlifeprotection______assoonaspossible.A.suggested;mustbepassedB.havesuggested;bepassedC.weresuggested;mustbepassedD.suggested;beingpassed14.He______faultwithotherpeoplethoughhedoesn'tdohisworkproperly.A.alwaysfindsB.hasalwaysfoundC.isalwaysfindingD.alwaysfound15.I_____forthreehourswhenIsuddenlybecamesick.A.hadbeenworkingB.wouldworkC.haveworkedD.amworking16.-HasGeorgereturnedfromJapanyet?I'dliketomeethim.-I'mterriblysorry,buthe_____backhereonlyforlastweekend.A.hasbeenB.wouldbeC.hadbeen