中學(xué)高三英語(yǔ)復(fù)語(yǔ)法專題一 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)習(xí)

語(yǔ)法專題一動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)預(yù)習(xí)案(單句改錯(cuò))11．(2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)WhenIwasachild,Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.________12．(2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Tonywasscaredandbeguntocry.________13．(2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsidetheshop.________14．(2014·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Wedidn'tneedtodosomuchhomework.Therearethreelessonsinthemorningandtwointheafternoon.________15．(2014·浙江卷)IwastakingatraintoLondon'sVictoriaStation.Ihadnoticedthatthecarriagewasnoisyandfilledwithpeople.________16．(2014·遼寧卷)Theearlymorningbarkinghavebeendisturbingusasweareoftenupallnightwiththebaby.________17．(2014·遼寧卷)Thismorningshestartsbarkingevenbefore5o'clock.________18．(2014·四川卷)Hello,boysandgirls!Today,Iamgoingtotalkaboutwhatyoushoulddowhenafirealarmgooff.________19．(2013·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Iwasonlyfourwhenshepassesaway.Sheisjustadistantmemoryformenow.______________20．(2013·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)TeainChinawastraditionallydrankfromcupswithouthandles.________21．(2013·浙江卷)HereIaminthemiddleofacity,350milesawayfromourfarmhouse.Doyouwanttoknowwhywemovelastweek?________22．(2013·遼寧卷)Ihadtocalmmyselfdown.QuietlyIstepintotheroom.________23．(2013·陜西卷)OneSundaymorningwegofishingatalake.______24．(2013·四川卷)Iwasveryupset.Ididn'tcheat.Iwasjusthelpingafriend.Whydoesshepunishme?________單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2015·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ語(yǔ)法填空)ItwasraininglightlywhenI_______(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.2．(2015·廣東高考語(yǔ)法填空)Hesoldorexchangedsomeofthemilkinthetownsnearbyforotherfoodandmadecheeseandbutterforthefamilywithwhat_________(leave)．3．(2014·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅱ語(yǔ)法填空)Aboyonabike________(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.4．(2014·遼寧高考語(yǔ)法填空)Bepatient!TaiChiis_______(call)“shadowboxing”inEnglish.Itasksyoutoactlikewater:tobeflexibleaswellasstrong.5．(2014·廣東高考語(yǔ)法填空)We_________(tell)thatourroomshadn’tbeenreservedforthatweek,butfortheweekafter.6．(2015·北京高考改編)Inthelastfewyears,China________(make)greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.7．(2015·北京高考改編)—Dr.Jacksonisnotinhisofficeatthemoment.—Allright.I__________(call)himlater.8．(2015·安徽高考改編)Itisreportedthataspacestation____________(build)onthemooninyearstocome.?？嫉母鞣N時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)式時(shí)態(tài)種類主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/doesIs/am/aredone一般過(guò)去時(shí)didwas/weredone一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shalldowill/shallbedone過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)woulddowouldbedone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)is/am/aredongis/am/arebeingdone過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoingwas/werebeingdone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)has/havedonehas/havebeendone過(guò)去完成時(shí)haddonehadbeendone現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)has/havebeendoinghas/havebeenbeingdone將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)willbedoingwillbebeingdone探究案一、時(shí)態(tài)(一)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要由動(dòng)詞的原形表示，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)一般由動(dòng)詞原形后加-s或-es構(gòu)成。其變化規(guī)則如下：情況變化規(guī)則例詞一般情況直接加-swork—workslearn—learnscome—comesplay—playswant—wantsneed—needs結(jié)尾為-s，-x，-sh，-ch或-o在詞尾加-espass—passesdiscuss—discussesteach—teacheswash—washesfix—fixesgo—goes結(jié)尾為“輔音字母＋y”變y為i再加-escarry—carriescry—criesstudy—studiesworry—worries2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法1)主要用來(lái)表示人、事物的現(xiàn)在狀況和特點(diǎn)；表示經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，句子中常有often,always,fromtimetotime等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。SecondaryschoolintheUSAusuallycoverssevenyears,gradessixtotwelve.美國(guó)的通常是七年制，即從六年級(jí)到十二年級(jí)。2)表示主語(yǔ)目前的性格、特征、狀態(tài)或能力等。①SheknowsFrenchandGermanbesidesEnglish.除了英語(yǔ)，她還會(huì)法語(yǔ)和德語(yǔ)。②Planningsofaraheadmakesnosense—somanythingswillhavechangedbynextyear.這么早作計(jì)劃沒(méi)有什么意義——到明年很多事情會(huì)發(fā)生變化。3)表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)及自然現(xiàn)象，或用在格言中。①It’sknownthattheearthgoesroundthesun.眾所周知，地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。②“Lifeislikewalkinginthesnow，”Grannyusedtosay,“becauseeverystepshows.”奶奶過(guò)去經(jīng)常說(shuō)，“人生就像在雪中行走，因?yàn)槊恳徊蕉剂粲凶阚E?！?)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。(1)在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)，主句仍用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。①I’lltellhimaboutitassoonashecomes.他一來(lái)，我就告訴他這件事。②They’llstandbyyouevenifyoudon’tsucceed.即使你不成功，他們也會(huì)支持你。(2)表示按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃、安排、時(shí)間表等馬上要發(fā)生的事，常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。該用法常用于火車時(shí)刻、飛機(jī)時(shí)刻、電影開(kāi)演、作息、安排等時(shí)刻表上，且僅限于少數(shù)表示短暫意義的動(dòng)詞，這類詞語(yǔ)主要有come,go,arrive,leave,begin,start,takeoff,finish,stop等。①Thetrainleavesat4：30p．m.火車在下午4：30出發(fā)。②Theplanetakesoffat5o’clock.飛機(jī)在5點(diǎn)鐘起飛。(二)一般過(guò)去時(shí)1．一般過(guò)去時(shí)的構(gòu)成(1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)由動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式表示，規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式一般由動(dòng)詞原形加-ed構(gòu)成，其變化規(guī)則如下：情況變化規(guī)則例詞一般情況在動(dòng)詞后加-edlook—lookedwatch—watchedstay—stayedexpect—expected以-e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后加-dhope—hopedlike—liked以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變y為i再加-edstudy—studiedtry—triedcopy—copiedcarry—carried以重讀閉音節(jié)或/r/音節(jié)結(jié)尾，詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)雙寫(xiě)詞尾的輔音字母再加-edstop—stoppedclap—clappedplan—plannedprefer—preferredadmit—admittedpermit—permitted(2)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。2．一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法(1)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday,lastyear,lastnight,theotherday,justnow,then,twodaysago,in1999,atthattime等。—IsPetercoming?—No,hechangedhismindafteraphonecallatthelastminute.(2015·重慶高考單選)——彼得要來(lái)嗎？——不來(lái)了。他在最后時(shí)刻接了一個(gè)電話后改變了主意。(2)表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)完成的動(dòng)作。—Longtimenosee!Haven’tyougraduatedfromcollege?—Yes.IstudiedEnglishforfouryearsinNanjing.——好久不見(jiàn)！你大學(xué)畢業(yè)了嗎？——畢業(yè)了，我在南京學(xué)了四年英語(yǔ)。(3)表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Ialwaysgotuplate,andneverhadenoughtimeforbreakfast.我總是起床很晚，從來(lái)沒(méi)有足夠的時(shí)間吃早飯。(4)有些動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間沒(méi)有具體表明，但實(shí)際上是“剛才，剛剛”發(fā)生，應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。①Ididn’tknowyouwerehere.我不知道你在這里。②Sorry,Iforgottobringyourbook.很抱歉，我忘記帶你的書(shū)來(lái)了。(5)在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，若主句用了過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的意義。Hesaidhewouldtellheraboutthenewsassoonashemether.他說(shuō)他一見(jiàn)到她就把這個(gè)消息告訴她。(三)一般將來(lái)時(shí)1．will/shall＋動(dòng)詞原形(1)表示不含主觀因素，單純的將來(lái)，常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。shall一般用于第一人稱，will可用于各種人稱。①Bythetimeyouhavefinishedthisbook,yourmealwillgetcold.等到你看完這本書(shū)，你的飯就涼了。②Mybirthdayiscoming.Ishallbe18yearsold.我的生日就要到了。我將要18歲了。(2)will還可表達(dá)說(shuō)話時(shí)臨時(shí)做出的決定?！猈hattimeisit?—Ihavenoidea.Butjustaminute,Iwillcheckitforyou.(2014·北京高考單選)——幾點(diǎn)了？——我不知道。稍等，我?guī)湍憧匆幌隆?．begoingto＋動(dòng)詞原形“begoingto＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃、打算要做某事或根據(jù)某種跡象預(yù)示著要發(fā)生某事。①IfeelIamgoingtomakeprogresswithherhelp.我覺(jué)得在她的幫助下我會(huì)進(jìn)步的。②Lookattheclouds.Itisgoingtorain.看那些烏云。天要下雨了。3．beto＋動(dòng)詞原形“beto＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃、約定或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)必須做的事或即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Youaretohandinyourpapersby10o’clock.10點(diǎn)前你們得交上論文。(四)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式為：am/is/are＋v.-ing。v.-ing形式的變化規(guī)則如下：情況變化規(guī)則例詞一般情況在詞尾直接加-ingwork—workinglook—lookingstudy—studying以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞去e再加-inghave—havingface—facingtake—takingwrite—writing以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母再加-ingcut—cuttingput—puttingswim—swimmingbegin—beginning以-ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變ie為y再加-inglie—lyingtie—tyingdie—dying2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法(1)表示說(shuō)話之時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生或一直進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作。Theprofessoristypinghisownletterswhilehissecretaryisill.秘書(shū)生病時(shí)，教授自己打他的信。(2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)還可以表示按計(jì)劃或安排將要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，這類動(dòng)詞主要有：go,come,leave,stay,start,arrive,land,meet,move,return,stop,do等。MyauntisleavingforShanghaiateleveno’clocktomorrowmorning.明天早上十一點(diǎn)我嬸嬸將離開(kāi)去上海。(3)表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，往往含有贊賞、厭惡、遺憾等情緒，常與always,continually,constantly,forever,allthetime等連用。Tomisalwayscominglateformeetings,whichmakeshisbossveryangry.湯姆開(kāi)會(huì)老是遲到，這使他的老板很生氣。(五)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1．過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成為was/were＋doing。表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Theboywasdoinghishomeworkwhenhisfathercamebackfromwork.當(dāng)那個(gè)男孩的父親下班回來(lái)時(shí)，他正在做作業(yè)。2．表示運(yùn)動(dòng)和位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞可以用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。這類動(dòng)詞主要有l(wèi)eave,start,arrive,go,come等。Iwascomingtovisityoulaterthatday,butIhadtophoneandcancel.我打算那天晚些時(shí)候去看你，但是不得已打電話取消了。(六)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)段正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。其構(gòu)成為：will/shallbedoing。將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)常與一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：atthistimetomorrow(明天的這個(gè)時(shí)間)，from1：30to4：30thedayaftertomorrow(后天從1：30到4：30)等。①Ifyouplantwatermelonseedsinthespring,youwillbeeatingfreshwatermeloninthefall.如果你春天播下西瓜種子，那么秋天就能吃上新鮮的西瓜了。②I’llbetalkingwiththeprofessoratthistimetomorrow.明天這個(gè)時(shí)間我將在和教授談話。(七)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“have/has＋過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，其基本用法如下：1．表示動(dòng)作或過(guò)程發(fā)生在說(shuō)話之前某個(gè)沒(méi)有明確說(shuō)出的過(guò)去時(shí)間，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成，且結(jié)果仍對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。—I’msorry,butIdon’tquitefollowyou.DidyousayyouwantedtoreturnonSeptember20?—Sorry,Ihaven’tmademyselfclear.WewanttoreturnonOctober20.——對(duì)不起，我沒(méi)完全明白你的話。你是說(shuō)你們打算9月20號(hào)回來(lái)嗎？——對(duì)不起，我沒(méi)有表達(dá)清楚，我們打算10月20號(hào)回來(lái)。2．表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)下去。Hisfirstnovelhasreceivedgoodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.他的第一部小說(shuō)自上個(gè)月出版以來(lái)獲得了許多好評(píng)。3．在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來(lái)完成時(shí)。Willyoucometomyofficewhenyouhavefinishedyourwork?你完成工作后到我辦公室來(lái)一下，好嗎？4．在“It(This)isthebest(worst,mostinteresting等)＋名詞＋從句”中，從句中的謂語(yǔ)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。ItisthemostinstructivelecturethatIhaveattendedsinceIcametothisschool.這是自從我到這個(gè)學(xué)校以來(lái)所參加過(guò)的最有教育意義的講座。5．在“It(This)is(willbe)thefirst/second/third...time＋that從句”中，that從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Itisthethirdtimethatyouhavebeenlateforworkthisweek,isn’tit?這已經(jīng)是這周你第三次工作遲到了，不是嗎？(八)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成為：had＋done，其基本用法如下：1．表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，即過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，句中有明顯的參照動(dòng)作或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(before,after,by,uptill)，這種時(shí)態(tài)從來(lái)不孤立使用。IfoundthelecturehardtofollowbecauseithadstartedwhenIarrived.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)報(bào)告很難懂，因?yàn)楫?dāng)我到的時(shí)候，它已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了。2．動(dòng)詞hope,expect,think,intend,mean,want,suppose,plan用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、打算和意圖。Ihadhopedtocometohelpyou.Somethinghappenedtome.That’swhyIdidn’tcome.我本希望能來(lái)幫助你，但我出了點(diǎn)事，所以沒(méi)有來(lái)。3．在“hardly(scarcely)．..when...,nosooner...than...”句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，意思為“一……就……”。Hardlyhadthespeakerfinishedhisspeechwhentheaudiencekeptaskinghimquestions.演講者一結(jié)束他的講話，觀眾就不停地向他提問(wèn)。4．by,bytheend,bythetime,until,before,since后接表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)或從句，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Bythetimethemessengerreachedhim,thedamagehadbeendone.送信人趕到他那兒時(shí)，損失已經(jīng)造成了。5．表示“第幾次做某事”，主句用過(guò)去時(shí)，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Thatwasthesecondtimethatshehadseenhergrandfather.這是她第二次看見(jiàn)她的祖父了。(九)將來(lái)完成時(shí)表示在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻前已經(jīng)完成或一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作，并對(duì)將來(lái)產(chǎn)生一定的影響。常與“by＋將來(lái)的某個(gè)時(shí)間”或when/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：will/shallhavedone。BythetimeyougethomeIwillhavecleanedthehousefromtoptobottom.你到家時(shí)我將已把房子徹底打掃一遍了。(十)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由“have/hasbeen＋現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，其基本用法如下：1．表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，并仍在進(jìn)行。Sincethetimehumankindstartedgardening,wehavebeentryingtomakeourenvironmentmorebeautiful.(2014·湖南高考單選)自從人類開(kāi)創(chuàng)園藝工作以來(lái)，我們一直在努力使我們的環(huán)境更加美麗。2．表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，在說(shuō)話時(shí)剛剛結(jié)束。Wherehaveyoubeen?Wehavebeenlookingforyoueverywhere.你剛才去哪里了？我們一直在到處找你。3．現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作并不是一直在不停地進(jìn)行，而是在斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地重復(fù)。Ihavebeenringingyouseveraltimesintwodays.這兩天內(nèi)我給你打過(guò)幾次電話。(十一)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到另一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)刻，到那個(gè)時(shí)刻，這一動(dòng)作可能剛結(jié)束，也可能仍在進(jìn)行。HehadbeenlivingherebeforehewenttoNewYork.他去紐約之前一直住在這里。(十二)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)1．過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的基本構(gòu)成和用法過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)由“would＋動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，主要表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(尤其用于賓語(yǔ)從句中)，還可以表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作習(xí)慣或傾向。Shesaidthatshewouldn’tdothatagain.她說(shuō)她再不會(huì)這樣做了。2．表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的其他表達(dá)法(1)was/weregoingto＋動(dòng)詞原形：該結(jié)構(gòu)有兩個(gè)主要用法，一是表示過(guò)去的打算，二是表示在過(guò)去看來(lái)有跡象表明將要發(fā)生某事。Ithoughtitwasgoingtorain.我認(rèn)為要下雨了。(2)was/wereto＋動(dòng)詞原形：主要表示過(guò)去按計(jì)劃或安排要做的事情。Shesaidshewastogetmarriednextmonth.她說(shuō)她計(jì)劃在下個(gè)月結(jié)婚。(3)was/wereaboutto＋動(dòng)詞原形：表示在過(guò)去看來(lái)即將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，由于本身已含有“即將”的意味，所以不再與表示具體的將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Iwasabouttogotobedwhenthephonerang.電話鈴響時(shí)我正好要上床睡覺(jué)。(4)was/were＋現(xiàn)在分詞：表示在過(guò)去看來(lái)即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，通?？捎糜谠摻Y(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞是come,go,leave,arrive,begin,start,stop,close,open,die,join,borrow,buy等瞬間動(dòng)詞。Jacksaidhewasleavingtomorrow.杰克說(shuō)他打算明天動(dòng)身。二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(一)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be＋及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，be動(dòng)詞有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常見(jiàn)的時(shí)態(tài)變化(以動(dòng)詞clean為例)列表如下：形態(tài)時(shí)間一般進(jìn)行完成現(xiàn)在am/is/arecleanedam/is/arebeingcleanedhave/hasbeencleaned過(guò)去was/werecleanedwas/werebeingcleanedhadbeencleaned將來(lái)shall/willbecleanedshall/willhavebeencleaned過(guò)去將來(lái)should/wouldbecleaned①Ihadastrongdesiretoreachinandplaywiththetoy,butwasheldbackthankfullybytheshopwindow.(2015·湖南高考單選)當(dāng)時(shí)我有一種強(qiáng)烈的愿望想要把手伸進(jìn)去玩那個(gè)玩具，但是幸好被櫥窗阻隔了。②Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeoplearepersuadedtoeatmorefruitsandvegetables.如果人們被說(shuō)服了吃更多的水果和蔬菜，那么死于心臟病的人數(shù)將大大減少。(二)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本用法1．強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者。NewZealandwineisofhighqualityandissoldallovertheworld.新西蘭葡萄酒質(zhì)量很好，行銷全世界。2．不知道或無(wú)需說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者?！狧aveyouheardaboutthatfireinthemarket?—Yes,fortunatelynoonewashurt.——你聽(tīng)說(shuō)市場(chǎng)里發(fā)生的火災(zāi)了嗎？——聽(tīng)說(shuō)了，幸運(yùn)的是，沒(méi)有人受傷。3．用在科技文獻(xiàn)或新聞報(bào)道中。Carsofthiskindweremadeinthe1980s.這種小汽車是二十世紀(jì)80年代制造的。(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)I1.___________(walk)onthestreetwithafriendyesterdaywhenI2.________(find)amobilephonebytheroadside.Afterpickingitup,Istartedsearchingthecontactlistand3.________(call)numberstoseewhetherIcouldfigureoutwhosephoneitwas.Unfortunately,theonlypersonwhoansweredthephonedidn'trecognizethenumberthatI4.____________(call)from.Myfriend5.________(suggest)thatwegobacktothestreetandthehouseinfrontofwhichwefoundthemobilephone.Andwedidso.Iknockedatthedoorandtwoyoungmen6.________(answer).Neitherofthem7.________(lose)theirphones,butasIreferredtosomenamesonthecontactlist,oneofthemsaidhealso8.________(have)thosenamesandthatitmustbethephoneofoneoftheirfriends.Then,hetookthephoneandsaidhowwonderfulit9.________(be)thatItookthetimetofindtheowner.Afterwards,Ileftwithoutleavingmynameoraddress.Sometimes,helpingothers10.________(be)justdoingtherightthing.短文改錯(cuò)Nowadays,withthegrowingpopularityofcomputers,studentswerepayinglessandlessattentiontohandwriting.

Accordingtoarecentlysurvey,manystudentsdon'twanttoimprovetheirhandwritingforvariousreason.52percentofthemthinkthattheycanjustuseacomputer,soitisnoneedtowastetimeimprovingourhandwriting.32percentbelievethattheyaretoobusywiththestudythattheyhavenotimetopracticing,and16percentthinkthatpracticinghandwritingisuseless.

Asthesayingwent,writingstyleshowstheman.Beautifulandneathandwritingis