2024-2025學年新教材高中英語UNIT5WORKINGTHELAND教學知識細解碼學案新人教版選擇性必修第一冊

PAGEUNIT5WORKINGTHELAND1．devotevt.把……獻(給)；把……專用于；用心于→devotedadj.忠誠的；深愛的→devotionn．奉獻；忠誠2．shortadj.短的；不足的；短期的→shortagen．不足；缺少；短缺→shortenvt.使變短3．charactern．性情；(小說、戲劇中的)人物；角色→characteristicn．特征；特點；品質adj.典型的；獨特的4．conventionn．常規(guī)；習俗；慣例→conventionaladj.傳統的；習慣的5．assumev．假定；設想→assumptionn．假定；設定；(責任的)擔當；(權利的)獲得6．realadj.真的→reallyadv.真正地；事實上→realityn．現實；實際狀況；事實7．saltn．鹽→saltyadj.含鹽的；咸的1．boostvt.使增長；使興盛n．增長；提高；激勵①Thesechangeswillhelptoboostfoodprices.vt.使增長②Thishasgivenclothingpricesabigboost.n．增長③Thismeasurewillbeagreatboosttotheeconomy.n．激勵2．expandvt.&vi.擴大；增加vt①Theranksoftheteachersareconstantlyexpanding.vi.擴大；增加②Themerchantwantstoexpandhisbusiness.vt.擴大③Thewriterexpandedhisshortnovelintoalongone.vt.擴展3．estimatevt.估計；估價；估算n．估計；估算①Thepainter'sestimateforpaintingthewholehousewas1，000dollars.n．估計；估價②Thispaintingisestimatedat$200-$300.vt.估價③Heestimatedthespeedofthewindsfromthedegreeofdamage.vt.估算4．characteristicn．特征；特點；品質adj.典型的；獨特的①Thetwospecieshaveseveralcharacteristicsincommon.n.特征；特點②Irecognizedhischaracteristicwalk.adj.典型的；獨特的③Independenceistheoutstandingcharacteristicofaperson.n.品質WordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(學問要點1)devotevt.把……獻(給)；把……專用于；用心于(教材P50)Indeed,hisslimbutstrongbodyisjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmers，towhomhehasdevotedhislife.的確，他瘦削但牢固的身軀看起來和他為之奉獻了一生的千千萬萬的中國農夫一樣。[例1]Weshoulddevoteeverythingwehave.我們應當奉獻我們的一切。[例2]Hedevotedagreatsumofmoneytobooks.他花了一大筆錢買書。[學問拓展](1)devote...to(doing)sth. 把……獻給(做)某事devoteoneselfto＝bedevotedto 獻身于；用心致力于(2)devotedadj. 忠實的；深愛的(3)devotionn. 奉獻；關愛[即學即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Hisdevotion(devote)tothecauseofeducationiswell-known.②QianXuesenhasbeendevotedtoChina'saerospaceallhislife.③Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelping(help)othersrebuild.④他將一生奉獻給了教化事業(yè)。Hedevotedhimselfentirely/allhislifetoeducation.[小片段填空]Hecouldonlydevotetwohoursadaytotheproject,buthisdevotiontodutyisworthrespecting.他一天只能在這個項目上花兩個小時，但他忠于職守是值得敬重的。eq\a\vs4\al(學問要點2)convincevt.使信任；使確信；勸服(教材P50)Yuanwasconvincedthattheanswercouldbefoundinthecreationofhybridrice.袁隆平確信，答案可以在雜交水稻的培育中找到。[例1]Robert'sexpressionhadobviouslyconvincedherofhisinnocence.羅伯特的表情明顯使她信任他是清白的。[例2]SheneededtofindawaytoconvinceMichelhewaswrong.她須要想方法使米歇爾信任他錯了。[學問拓展](1)convincesb.ofsth. 使某人確信/明白某事convincesb.that... 使某人信任……convincesb.todosth. 勸服某人做某事(2)convincingadj. 令人信服的convincedadj. 確信的；堅信的beconvincedof 信任……beconvinced(that)... (某人)信任……[即學即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Iamquiteconvincedofherexperienceinit.②I'mnotcompletelyconvinced(convince)(that)heknewtheimportanceofpractice.③Hisspeechwassoconvincing(convince)thateveryonepresentbelievedwhathesaid.④我們始終在試圖勸服他放棄那個安排。We'vebeentryingtoconvincehimtogiveuptheplan．⑤她說的話讓我信任我錯了。WhatshesaidconvincedmethatIwasmistaken.⑥我自己都不會信任，更別提勸服別人了。I'mnotgoingtobelieveitmyself,nevermindconvinceanyoneelse．eq\a\vs4\al(學問要點3)assumptionn．假定；設定；(責任的)擔當；(權利的)獲得(教材P50)Thecommonassumptionthenwasthatitcouldnotbedone.當時人們普遍認為這是不行能的。[例1]Wemistookassumptionthatthepricewouldfall.我們錯誤地認為價格會下降。[例2]Yourargumentisbasedonasetofquestionableassumptions.你的論證建立在一套有問題的假設上。[學問拓展](1)makeanassumption 認為；假定ontheassumptionthat... 假定……(2)assumev. 假定；設想assumesb./sth.tobe 假定/假設某人/某事為Itisassumedthat... 一般認為……(3)assuming(that)... 假設/假定……[即學即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Assuming(assume)thatitrains,whatshallwedo?②Theprojectwaspredicatedontheassumption(assume)thattheeconomywasexpanding.③一般認為，過重的工作會造成壓力。Itisgenerallyassumedthattoomuchworkwillcausestress.④在聽到對他不利的證詞之前，你假定他是無罪的。Youassumehimtobeinnocentbeforehearingtheevidenceagainsthim.⑤她總在猜別人有多少錢。She'salwaysmakingassumptionsabouthowmuchmoneypeoplehave.[小片段填空]Inmostcasesafalseassumptionwouldleadtoaproblemfortheproject,sinceweusuallytendtoassumethatthingswillgothewaywewant.在大部分的狀況下，錯誤的假定會導致項目發(fā)生問題，因為我們通常傾向于假定事情會如我們所希望般的發(fā)生。eq\a\vs4\al(學問要點4)overcomevt.(overcame,overcome)克服；解決；戰(zhàn)勝(教材P50)Throughintenseeffort,Yuanovercameenormoustechnicaldifficultiestodevelopthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarmingin1974.通過不懈的努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的技術難題，于1974年培育出了第一種可用于農業(yè)生產的雜交水稻。[例1]InthefinalgameSwedeneasilyovercameFrance.在決賽中，瑞典隊輕松戰(zhàn)勝了法國隊。[例2]Iwouldovercomeanyweakness,anydespair,anyfear.我要克服全部的懦弱、無望和恐驚。[學問拓展]overcomedifficulties 戰(zhàn)勝困難beovercomewith 因……而受不了[即學即練]——完成句子①他克服了種種困難最終取得了勝利。Heovercameallkindsofdifficultiesandsucceededatlast.②他突然對自己造成的損害后悔不已。Hewassuddenlyovercomewiththeharmhehaddone.③她戰(zhàn)勝了傷痛，贏得了奧運會金牌。SheovercameinjurytowintheOlympicgoldmedal.eq\a\vs4\al(學問要點5)expandvt.&vi.擴大；增加vt.擴展；發(fā)展(業(yè)務)(教材P50)Thishybridenabledfarmerstoexpandtheiroutputgreatly.這種雜交水稻使農夫大大增加了產量。[例1]Thepetalsofmanyflowersexpandinthesunshine.很多花瓣在陽光下綻放。[例2]Thebusinesshasexpandedgreatlyoverthelastyear.過去的一年里，這家公司極大地增加了業(yè)務量。[學問拓展]expand...into... 把……擴展/發(fā)展成……expandinto... 發(fā)展成/擴大成……expandonsth. 細說(闡述)……[即學即練]——完成句子①請你把這一點具體說明一下，好嗎？Couldyouexpandonthispoint,please?②他的工作室擴大規(guī)模而成為一家大公司了。Hisstudiowasexpandedintoabigcompany.③中國的信息產業(yè)正快速發(fā)展。TheinformationindustriesarerapidlyexpandinginChina.eq\a\vs4\al(學問要點6)becomprisedof包括；包含；由……組成(或構成)(教材P50～51)Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan'shybridstrains.據估算，現在中國國內消費的稻米有大約60%來自袁隆平的雜交水稻品種形成的作物。[例1]Thecommitteeiscomprisedofrepresentativesfrombothpublicandprivatesectors.委員會由政府和私人部門的雙方代表組成。[例2]Groupsarecomprisedoftwoormorepeople.小組由兩人或兩人以上組成。[學問拓展]becomposedof 由……組成consistof 由……組成bemadeupof 由……組成，構成[即學即練]——單句語法填空/一句多譯①Aweekconsistsofsevendays.②救援隊由8個士兵和2個醫(yī)生組成。Therescueteamiscomposedofeightsoldiersandtwodoctors.＝Therescueteamconsistsofeightsoldiersandtwodoctors.＝Therescueteamismadeupofeightsoldiersandtwodoctors.[名師點津]consistof沒有被動語態(tài)，相當于bemadeupof或becomposedof，且不用于進行時。SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重點句式1)what引導主語從句(教材P50)However，whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.然而，最讓他擔憂的是農夫常常糧食歉收，有時甚至嚴峻缺乏食物。句式分析：句中whatconcernedhimmost為what引導的主語從句。[例1]Whatweneedismoney.我們須要的是錢。[例2]WhatIwanttoknowisthis.我想知道的就是這一點。[學問拓展]what是連接代詞，引導的從句可以作主語、賓語或表語；what本身在從句中可作主語、賓語或表語。[即學即練]——完成句子①他想知道經理在會議上說了些什么。Hewantedtoknowwhatthemanagerhadsaidatthemeeting.②小女孩嚇得不敢說話，在那兒站了幾個小時。Theyounggirlwastoofrightenedtospeak,standingthereforwhatseemedlikehours．③把你買的東西給我看看。Showmewhatyouhavebought．④是什么使他哭的還不清晰。Whatmadeherangrywasnotclear.[名師點津]what除引導從句外，還在從句中作成分，意為“所……的(東西)”，在含義上等于“名詞＋that”。that引導名詞性從句只起連接作用，在從句中不作任何成分，無意義，在賓語從句中通常省略，但在主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中均不能省略。⑤你最好還是努力工作。It'sthebestthatyoushouldworkhard．eq\a\vs4\al(重點句式2)Itis/was＋過去分詞＋that...(教材P50～51)Today，itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan'shybridstrains.據估算，現在中國國內消費的稻米有大約60%來自袁隆平的雜交水稻品種形成的作物。句式分析：句中itisestimatedthat“據估算”為“Itis/was＋過去分詞＋that...”結構。it作形式主語，真正的主語是that引導的主語從句。[例1]Itisestimatedthateveryyear50unaccompaniedchildrenarriveinBritain.據估計，每年有50名兒童獨自來到英國。[例2]Itisestimatedthatthevaseis2000yearsold.據估計這花瓶有兩千年歷史。[學問拓展](1)常用于此結構的動詞有say，report，think，hope，suggest，believe，require，announce等。(2)此句型可改寫為“sb./sth.＋besaid/believed/thought＋todo”或“peoplesay/think...(that)...”結構。[即學即練]——完成句子/句型轉換①據報道，三分之一的市民準備購買私家車。Itisreportedthatonethirdofcitizensplantobuyaprivatecar.②人們希望這種可怕的疾病能快速得到限制。Itishopedthattheterriblediseasewillsoonbecontrolled.③這次會議預料要開4天。Itisestimatedthatthemeetingwilllastfourdays.④據說他已經通過了駕照考試。Itissaidthathehaspassedthedrivingtest.→Heissaidtohavepassedthedrivingtest.eq\a\vs4\al(重點句式3)giventhat...引導的狀語從句(教材P51)GiventhatYuan'shybridshavemadehimquitewealthy,onemightthinkhewouldretiretoalifeofleisure.考慮到雜交水稻使袁隆平變得相當富有，人們可能認為他會退休享受閑適的生活。句式分析：giventhat...意為“考慮到……”，引導的是一個狀語從句。[例1]Giventhatthey'reinexperienced,they'vedoneagoodjob.在缺乏閱歷的狀況下，他們的工作已經算是做得相當不錯了。[例2]Giventhathegracefullyapologized,thewomanacceptedhisapology.在他有禮貌地致歉后，這位女士接受了他的致歉。[學問拓展](1)用作give的過去分詞，引出過去分詞短語作狀語，意為“假如有……”，“假定……”等義，此時要留意其邏輯主語與句子主語保持一樣。(2)可用作介詞，后接名詞或代詞，意為“考慮到”或“鑒于”。(3)用作形容詞，意為“特定的”“肯定的”“規(guī)定的”等，通常用作定語。(4)given后也可接that從句，表示“考慮到”。[即學即練]——單句語法填空/句型轉換①Theworkmustbedonewithinthegiven(give)time.②Ifthetreeshadbeengivenmoreattention,theycouldbegrownbetter.→Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.③Iftheyaregiventime,they'llprobablyagree.→Giventime,they'llprobablyagree.④Givenherinterestinchildren,I'msureteachingistherightcareerforher.→Giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren,I'msureteachingistherightcareerforher.1．However,whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.[分析]本句是一個復合句。句中whatconcernedhimmost為what引導的主語從句，thatfarmers...為that引導的表語從句，其中不定式短語toeat作名詞food的后置定語。[譯文]然而，最讓他擔憂的是，農夫常常糧食歉收，有時甚至嚴峻缺乏食物。2．Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan'shybridstrains,andhisstrainshaveallowedChina'sfarmerstoproducearound200milliontonsofriceperyear.[分析]本句是一個復合句。句中and連接表示順承關系的并列句，其中第一個分句中it為形式主語，真正的主語是后面that引導的名詞性從句；過去分詞短語generatedfromYuan'shybridstrains作名詞crops的后置定語。[譯文]據估算，現在中國國內消費的稻米有大約60%來自袁隆平的雜交水稻品種形成的作物，這些品種(形成的作物)讓中國農夫每年能夠生產出大約兩億噸稻米。教材高考1.Indeed,hisslimbutstrongbodyisjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmers，towhomhehasdevotedhislife.(2024·天津卷)Inthefuture，Iwillbeagooddoctortohealthewoundedandrescuethedying，devotingmyselftomywork.2.However,whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)WhatIwantisnotjustanordinarycafebutaveryspecialone.(2024·浙江卷)Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.3.Onecharacteristicofhybridsisthattheyusuallyattainahigheryieldthanconventionalcrops.(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem.4.Thecommonassu-mptionthenwasthatitcouldnotbedone.(2024·江蘇卷)Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors'centers.5.Throughintenseeffort，Yuanovercameenormoustechnicaldifficultiestodevelopthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarmingin1974.(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)WhenIcomeacrosstheproblemsoflearninginmystudy，myfatherwilllistentomepatientlyandencouragemetoovercomethedifficultiesbravely.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Nowadaysmanystudentsdevotetoomuchtimetoplaying(play)computergames.2．Thisisthemostconvincing(convince)evidencethatIcanfind.3．YuanLongpingsearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpanding(expand)theareaofthefields.4．Theyweretomeetatagiven(give)timeandplace.5．Shanghaifoodisratheroily,andBeijingfoodissalty(salt)andspicy.6．Wethoughthewasseriousbutinreality(real)hewasjoking.7．Peopleusedtobelievethatdirtgenerated(generate)disease.8．Itisestimated(estimate)thatnotlessthanhalfamillionpeoplediedinthefamine.9．Thatwastheextremesouthernlimitattained(atta