江蘇省2022-2023學(xué)年普通高中學(xué)業(yè)水平合格性考試英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1江蘇省2022-2023學(xué)年普通高中學(xué)業(yè)水平合格性考試英語(yǔ)試卷第一部分選擇題（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分70分）第一節(jié)閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAstrategyisaplanfordoingsomethingwell.Youcanusestrategiesbefore,during,andafterreading.BeforeYouReadLookatthetitle,headings,andphotographsorillustrations.Thinkaboutwhatyoualreadyknowaboutthetopic.GuesswhatthetextwillbeaboutandwhatyoumightlearnfromreadingitSetapurposeforreading.WhileYouReadThinkaboutwhatyouunderstandandwhatyoudonotunderstand.Usethereadingstrategiesbelowtohelpyouunderstandthetext.Usestorystructure(結(jié)構(gòu)):Payattentiontothecharacters,background,andplot(情節(jié))eventstohelpyouunderstandhowastoryisorganizedMakeasummary:Stopforashortwhileasyoureadtofindoutthemostimportantideasinthetext.Askandanswerquestions:Askyourselfquestionsaboutwhatyoudonotunderstandinthetext.Lookforanswerstoquestionsasyouread.Usediagrams:Makediagramsasyoureadtoshowhowimportantideasinthetextareconnected.Checkunderstanding:Whenyoudonotunderstandasectionoftext,useoneofthesestrategiestomaketheinformationclear?Readagain?Changereadingspeed?Readon?Self-correctAfterYouReadTalkwithaclassmateaboutwhichstrategiesyouusedandwhyyouusedthem.1.Whatshouldyoudobeforeyouread?A.Usediagrams. B.Changereadingspeed.C.Talkwithaclassmate. D.Lookatthetitleandheadings.2.Whichofthefollowingcanhelpyouunderstandhowastoryisorganized?A.Usingstorystructure. B.Makingasummary.C.Checkingunderstanding. D.Askingandansweringquestions.3.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Proceduresforquestioning. B.Waysofmakingdiagrams.C.Strategiesforreading. D.Examinationsofunderstanding.4.Whereisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?A.Afilm. B.Atextbook. C.Adictionary. D.Adocument.【答案】1.D2.A3.C4.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文體裁為應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了在閱讀過(guò)程中可以使用的策略，包括在閱讀前、閱讀中和閱讀后應(yīng)該做些什么來(lái)幫助理解和記憶文本內(nèi)容。這些策略包括觀(guān)察標(biāo)題、標(biāo)題和插圖，思考已知信息，猜測(cè)文本內(nèi)容，設(shè)定閱讀目的，使用故事結(jié)構(gòu)，制作摘要，提問(wèn)和回答問(wèn)題，使用圖表，檢查理解等?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由BeforeYouRead部分中的“Lookatthetitle,headings,andphotographsorillustrations.(看題目、標(biāo)題、照片或插圖。)”可知，在閱讀之前應(yīng)該看題目、標(biāo)題和照片或插圖。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由WhileYouRead部分中的“Usestorystructure(結(jié)構(gòu)):Payattentiontothecharacters,background,andplot(情節(jié))eventstohelpyouunderstandhowastoryisorganized(使用故事結(jié)構(gòu)：注意人物、背景和情節(jié)事件，幫助你理解故事是如何組織的)”可知，使用故事結(jié)構(gòu)可以幫助你理解故事是如何組織的。故選A?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Astrategyisaplanfordoingsomethingwell.Youcanusestrategiesbefore,during,andafterreading.(策略是做好某件事的計(jì)劃。你可以在閱讀前、閱讀中、閱讀后使用策略。)”可知，本文主要介紹在閱讀前、閱讀中和閱讀后都可以使用的閱讀策略。故本文主要談?wù)摰氖情喿x策略。故選C。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Astrategyisaplanfordoingsomethingwell.Youcanusestrategiesbefore,during,andafterreading.(策略是做好某件事的計(jì)劃。你可以在閱讀前、閱讀中、閱讀后使用策略。)”可知，本文主要介紹在閱讀前、閱讀中和閱讀后都可以使用的閱讀策略，而閱讀策略是學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中常用的方法，因此本文可能來(lái)自一本教科書(shū)。故選B。BInOctober,2021,threeChineseastronauts,WangYaping,ZhaiZhigangandYeGuangfu,travelledtotheirspacestation.Theystayedthereforsixmonthswhiletheygotreadyfortwonewmodules(艙),WentianandMengtian,tojointhemainmodule,Tianhe.InDecember,theygaveaphysicslessonfromspacetostudentsinHongKong,Beijingandthreeothercities.Throughalivestream(網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播),thepubliccouldalsoenjoythelesson.WangYapinggavetheTiangonglesson,whileZhaiZhigangmadevideos,andYeGuangfuhelpedintheprocess.Excitedstudentsenjoyedthelessonabouttheeffectsofweightlessnessonobjectmovement.Theywerequitecuriousaboutwhatit’sliketoliveinspace.TherewasnodoubtthattheyhadlotsofquestionsspecificallyforastronautWang,whoisfamousasthefirstChinesewomantogoonaspacewalk.ShehadbeforespentseveralhoursoutsidethestationwithZhai,fixingequipmentanddoingtests.Wangsaiditwasagreatjoytoteachchildrenaboutspacewhileshewasthere,referringtothetwolivesciencelecturesshegavein2013and2021.“Myfamilytoldmethatmanynetizens(Internetusers)comparedphotosofmytwolecturesandfoundthatour’spaceclassroom’isnowbigger,thecontentoftheclassismorecolourfulandinteresting,andthatthelivestreamissmootherandpicturesclearer,”shesaid.5.WhatwasWangYaping’s2021Tiangonglessonabout?A.Arts. B.Physics. C.History. D.Travel.6.HowdidstudentsfeelabouttheTiangonglesson?A.Excited. B.Sad. C.Doubtful. D.Bored.7.WhatdidWangandZhaidooutsidethespacestation?A.Madevideos. B.Gaveaphysicslesson.C.Comparedphotosoftwolectures. D.Fixedequipmentanddidtests.8.WhatisoneofthefeaturesofWangYaping’s2021lecture?A.Fewerquestions. B.Unclearerpictures.C.Morecolourfulcontent. D.Smallerspaceclassroom.【答案】5.B6.A7.D8.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。短文報(bào)道了三名中國(guó)宇航員在中國(guó)空間站內(nèi)給全國(guó)的學(xué)生上了一堂太空物理課。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“InDecember,theygaveaphysicslessonfromspacetostudentsinHongKong,Beijingandthreeothercities.Throughalivestream(網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播),thepubliccouldalsoenjoythelesson.”（去年12月，他們給香港、北京和其他三個(gè)城市的學(xué)生上了一堂太空物理課。通過(guò)直播，公眾也可以享受這一課。）可知，王亞平2021年的天宮課是關(guān)于物理的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Excitedstudentsenjoyedthelessonabouttheeffectsofweightlessnessonobjectmovement.”（興奮的學(xué)生們喜歡上了關(guān)于失重對(duì)物體運(yùn)動(dòng)影響的課程。）可知，學(xué)生們對(duì)天宮課的感受是興奮的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ShehadbeforespentseveralhoursoutsidethestationwithZhai,fixingequipmentanddoingtests.”（之前，她和翟在空間站外待了幾個(gè)小時(shí)，修理設(shè)備，做測(cè)試。）可知，王和翟在空間站外修理設(shè)備并進(jìn)行測(cè)試。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Myfamilytoldmethatmanynetizens(Internetusers)comparedphotosofmytwolecturesandfoundthatour’spaceclassroom’isnowbigger,thecontentoftheclassismorecolourfulandinteresting,andthatthelivestreamissmootherandpicturesclearer,”shesaid.”（她說(shuō):“我的家人告訴我，許多網(wǎng)友比較了我兩次講課的照片，發(fā)現(xiàn)我們的‘太空教室’現(xiàn)在更大了，課堂內(nèi)容更豐富有趣，直播更流暢，圖片更清晰?！保┛芍?，王亞平2021年演講的特點(diǎn)之一是內(nèi)容更豐富多彩。故選C項(xiàng)。CDoyouknowhowmanykindsofbreakfastcereal(麥片)thereareinmylocalsupermarket?165kinds!That’sjustoneproduct.Thinkaboutallthevarietiesofbiscuits,yoghourt,andchocolatebars.Wehavesomuchchoicethesedays.It’sunbelievable!Soallthischoicemustbeagoodthing,right?Itmakesushappier,right?Well,notnecessarily.Peopleliketheideaofhavingachoice,andmanypeoplethinkmorechoicemustbeagoodthing.But,infact,toomuchchoicecancauseusproblems.Iftherearetoomanydifferentthingstochoosefrom,wecan’tknowwhattochoose.Ifyouoffermeachoiceofthreecookies,IcandecidequicklywhichoneIwant.Butifyouoffermeachoiceof33cookies,mybraincrashes.Anotherproblemwithtoomuchchoiceisthatwethinktheremustbetheperfectcookiesomewhere.Thefactis,thereisn’t—sowhenwehavespenthalfanhourdecidingwhichcookiewewant,wefeeldissatisfied,becauseit’snotasgoodasexpected.It’snotcookieperfection.Andthenwebegintoregretalltheothercookieswedidn’tchoose,thinkingoneofthemmighthavebeenbetter.Sotherecanbesuchathingastoomuchchoice.Weneedtorecognizethatwhilesomechoiceisgood,toomuchcanleaveusataloss.Weshouldfocusonbeingpleasedwithwhatwechoose.IamgoingtorememberthisnexttimeI’mofferedacookie—chooseoneandenjoyit!9.Whatisthepurposeofparagraph1?A.Tosellaproduct. B.Toexpresssurprise.C.Tointroducethetopic. D.Toansweraquestion.10.Whatproblemcantoomuchchoicecause?A.Difficultyinchoosing. B.Worryabouthealth.C.Acarelessdecision. D.Alossofmemory.11.Theunderlinedpart“It’snotcookieperfection”probablymeans________.A.wecan’tmakegoodcookies B.there’snoperfectchoiceC.wearepleasedwithallcookies D.thecookiedoesn’ttastedelicious12.Howwillthewritersolvetheproblemoftoomuchchoiceaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Recognizetheperfect. B.Makeaquickchoice.C.Ignorewhatisoffered. D.Enjoywhatischosen.【答案】9.C10.A11.B12.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章通過(guò)提出超市商品種類(lèi)繁多這一現(xiàn)象，引發(fā)了對(duì)選擇過(guò)多可能帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題的討論。作者分析了過(guò)多選擇可能導(dǎo)致的難以決策、不滿(mǎn)足感以及后悔等問(wèn)題，并提出了應(yīng)專(zhuān)注于對(duì)所選擇的東西感到滿(mǎn)意的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第一段“Doyouknowhowmanykindsofbreakfastcereal(麥片)thereareinmylocalsupermarket?165kinds!That’sjustoneproduct.Thinkaboutallthevarietiesofbiscuits,yoghourt,andchocolatebars.Wehavesomuchchoicethesedays.It’sunbelievable!(你知道我們當(dāng)?shù)氐某欣镉卸嗌俜N早餐麥片嗎？165種！這只是一種產(chǎn)品。想想各種各樣的餅干、酸奶和巧克力棒。現(xiàn)在我們有太多選擇了。這是難以置信的！)”可知，作者對(duì)于現(xiàn)在有這么多的選擇感到驚訝，并通過(guò)列舉超市中的麥片種類(lèi)來(lái)引出后文關(guān)于選擇過(guò)多的討論。因此，第一段的目的是引入話(huà)題。故正確答案為C。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中“Iftherearetoomanydifferentthingstochoosefrom,wecan’tknowwhattochoose.(如果有太多不同的東西可供選擇，我們就不知道該選什么。)”可知，過(guò)多的選擇會(huì)造成的問(wèn)題是難以選擇。故正確答案為A?！?1題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。由文章第三段中“Thefactis,thereisn’t

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sowhenwehavespenthalfanhourdecidingwhichcookiewewant,wefeeldissatisfied,becauseit’snotasgoodasexpected.(事實(shí)并非如此——所以當(dāng)我們花了半個(gè)小時(shí)來(lái)決定我們想要哪塊餅干時(shí)，我們會(huì)感到不滿(mǎn)意，因?yàn)樗鼪](méi)有預(yù)期的那么好。)”可知，當(dāng)我們花了半個(gè)小時(shí)決定想要哪種餅干時(shí)，我們會(huì)感到不滿(mǎn)意，因?yàn)樗蝗珙A(yù)期的好。因此，“It’snotcookieperfection”的意思是沒(méi)有完美的選擇，而不是我們不能做好餅干、我們對(duì)所有餅干都很滿(mǎn)意或餅干味道不好。A.wecan’tmakegoodcookies我們做不出好的餅干；B.there’snoperfectchoice沒(méi)有完美的選擇；C.wearepleasedwithallcookies我們對(duì)所有的餅干都很滿(mǎn)意；D.thecookiedoesn’ttastedelicious餅干味道不好。故正確答案為B?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一段中“Weneedtorecognizethatwhilesomechoiceisgood,toomuchcanleaveusataloss.Weshouldfocusonbeingpleasedwithwhatwechoose.IamgoingtorememberthisnexttimeI’mofferedacookie—chooseoneandenjoyit!(我們需要認(rèn)識(shí)到，雖然有些選擇是好的，但太多的選擇會(huì)讓我們不知所措。我們應(yīng)該專(zhuān)注于對(duì)我們的選擇感到滿(mǎn)意。下次有人給我餅干的時(shí)候，我一定要記住這一點(diǎn)——選一個(gè)，享受它！)”可知，作者認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該專(zhuān)注于對(duì)自己所選擇的東西感到滿(mǎn)意，并在下次被提供餅干時(shí)選擇一個(gè)并享受它。因此，作者解決選擇過(guò)多問(wèn)題的方法是享受所選擇的，而不是認(rèn)識(shí)到完美、快速做出選擇或忽略所提供的內(nèi)容。故正確答案為D。DYoudrovetenhourstoyouraunt’shouse,andyou’rereadytogetsomesleepintheguestroom.Butthoughyou’resotired,sleepjustdoesn’tcome.Youturnfromsidetosideinbedallnight.Andfinally,whenyoudofallasleep,youwakeupjustanhourlater.It’ssoeasytofallasleepinyourownbed.Sowhycan’tyousleepwellhere?MarthaHotzVitaterna,abrainscientist,knowsallaboutthisproblem.“Insomesleepresearchcircles,thisiscalledthe“firstnighteffect”,shesays.“Peopledonotsleepwellthefirstnight.Thereislessslowbrainwaveactivity,meaningnotasmuchtimeindeepsleep.Inanimalstudies,weseethisphenomenon(現(xiàn)象)aswell.”Thefactthatthishappensinotheranimals,too,makesscientiststhinkthatbadsleepinnewplacesistheresultofaveryoldprocessinsideyourbrain.Itmaydatebacktothetimelongbeforehumansevolved(進(jìn)化).Whenyou’reinyourownbed,yourbrainknowsit’shomeandyouwillbesafe.Itcanrelaxandfallintoadeep,healthysleep.Butwhenyousleepinanunfamiliarplace,yourbrainstaysslightlyattentivetomakesurenodangersarenearby.Evenfamiliarsoundsstillmakeyouworried.What’sthat?Isitdangerous?Itwakesupthebraintokeepyoureadytoescapeifyouneedto.Butthere’sgoodnews:formostpeople,afterjustoneortwonightsinanewplace,ouranxiousbrainsstarttofeelsafeagain.Andfinallywecanhaveafullnightofsleep.13.Whatisthe“firstnighteffect”?A.Poorsleeponthefirstnight. B.Lessrapidbrainwaveactivity.C.Longdeepsleepallnight. D.Goodhabitofsleeping.14.Fromparagraph3weknowthatbadsleepinnewplaces________.A.bringsdangertohealth B.existsonlyinhumansC.hasbadeffectsonthebrain D.hasaverylonghistory15.Whyisithardertosleepinnewplaces?A.Therearerealdangersnearby. B.Newbedsfeeluncomfortable.C.Peoplefeelunsafeandworried. D.Thebrainstopsworkingnormally.16.What’sgoodnewsformostpeople?A.Brainsnolongerfeelsafe. B.Theywillhaveaquickmind.C.Theycanfinallysleepwell. D.Unfamiliarsoundsdisappear.【答案】13.A14.D15.C16.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，講述了人在新的環(huán)境中無(wú)法安然入眠的“第一晚效應(yīng)。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“MarthaHotzVitaterna,abrainscientist,knowsallaboutthisproblem.“Insomesleepresearchcircles,thisiscalledthe“firstnighteffect”,shesays.Peopledonotsleepwellthefirstnight(腦科學(xué)家MarthaHotzVitaterna對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題了如指掌。她說(shuō)，在一些睡眠研究圈子里，這被稱(chēng)為“第一晚效應(yīng)”。人們?cè)诘谝粋€(gè)晚上睡不好。)”可知此處的第一晚效應(yīng)指的是一個(gè)人到了一個(gè)陌生地方以后睡眠不好的問(wèn)題。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Thefactthatthishappensinotheranimals,too,makesscientiststhinkthatbadsleepinnewplacesistheresultofaveryoldprocessinsideyourbrain.Itmaydatebacktothetimelongbeforehumansevolved(進(jìn)化).(這種情況也發(fā)生在其他動(dòng)物身上，這讓科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，新地方的睡眠不好是大腦中一個(gè)非常古老的過(guò)程的結(jié)果。它可以追溯到人類(lèi)進(jìn)化之前很久。)”可知新地方的睡眠不好是大腦中一個(gè)非常古老的過(guò)程的結(jié)果，它可以追溯到人類(lèi)進(jìn)化之前很久，因此有著悠久的歷史。故選D項(xiàng)。【15題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Butwhenyousleepinanunfamiliarplace,yourbrainstaysslightlyattentivetomakesurenodangersarenearby.Evenfamiliarsoundsstillmakeyouworried.What’sthat?Isitdangerous?Itwakesupthebraintokeepyoureadytoescapeifyouneedto.(但是當(dāng)你在一個(gè)不熟悉的地方睡覺(jué)時(shí)，你的大腦會(huì)保持輕微的注意力，以確保附近沒(méi)有危險(xiǎn)。即使是熟悉的聲音也會(huì)讓你擔(dān)心。那是什么？危險(xiǎn)嗎？它會(huì)喚醒大腦，讓你在需要的時(shí)候做好逃跑的準(zhǔn)備。)”可知人們到了一個(gè)新地方以后會(huì)感到不安全和擔(dān)心，所以會(huì)睡眠不好。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Butthere’sgoodnews:formostpeople,afterjustoneortwonightsinanewplace,ouranxiousbrainsstarttofeelsafeagain.Andfinallywecanhaveafullnightofsleep.(但好消息是：對(duì)大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，在一個(gè)新地方呆上一兩個(gè)晚上后，我們焦慮的大腦就會(huì)再次感到安全。最后我們可以有一個(gè)完整的睡眠。)”可知對(duì)于大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)好消息是幾天之后他們最終會(huì)有一個(gè)很好的睡眠。故選C項(xiàng)。EWiththeincreasingnumberofEverestmountainclimbers,morelitterisleftbehindonthisnaturalwonder.Fortunately,Nepalese(尼泊爾的)officialsareworkingtodealwiththisenvironmentdisaster.MountEveresthasbroughtmuch-neededincometoNepal,butalotofwastehasgatheredasaresult.Climbersneedalotofequipmenttosuccessfullyclimbthemountain.Atypicalteamofclimberscaneasilyuseuphundredsofoxygencontainersandasmanyas15plastictentsandotherequipmentduringtheclimb.Inaddition,thereistheproblemwithhumanwaste.Thishasbeenagrowingproblemandhasputlifeindanger.Thewasteproblemnowspreadsfromthebasecamptotheriverbelow,pollutingthelocalwatersupply.In2014,theNepalesegovernmenttriedtosolvethispollutionproblem,requiringthatclimbersbringback18poundsofrubbishontheirwaydownthemountain.Butthissolutiondidnotworkwell.MountEverestofficialsandthecityofKathmanduputforwardanewproposal.Firstofall,dustbinshavebeenplacedalongthemountainpaths.Inaddition,heavyfineswillbegiventoclimberswhopollutethemountain.Theseclimbersrisklosingtheir$4,000wastedeposit(保證金)ifcaughtthrowingthings.Inthisway,carelessthrowingwillsurelybereduced.Finally,therubbishwillberemovedfromthemountain.Alocalplanecompanyhasagreedtouseitsplanestocarrythewastefromthemountaintothecapitalcity,whereitwillbetreated.Now,withthesenewrulesinplace,themountainshouldseeareturntoitsformerself.17.WhatcausedtheMountEverestenvironmentdisaster?A.Theincreasingnumberofvillagers. B.Litterleftbehindbytheclimbers.C.Nepaleseofficialswhoworkthere. D.Rubbishproducedbynatureitself.18.Whichofthefollowingpollute(s)thelocalwatersupplyaccordingtoparagraph2?A.Humanwaste. B.Plastictents. C.Oxygencontainers. D.Climbingequipment.19.Whatweretheclimbersrequiredtodoin2014?A.Limittheuseofoxygencontainers. B.Usewoodandmetaltoputuptents.C.Avoiddrinkingwaterfromtheriverbelow. D.Take18poundsoflitterdownthemountain.20.Howmanynewrulesareputforwardinthelastparagraph?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.【答案】17.B18.A19.D20.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了隨著珠穆朗瑪峰登山者人數(shù)的增加，山上遺留的垃圾問(wèn)題日益嚴(yán)重，尼泊爾官方正在采取措施應(yīng)對(duì)這場(chǎng)環(huán)境災(zāi)難?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“WiththeincreasingnumberofEverestmountainclimbers,morelitterisleftbehindonthisnaturalwonder. Fortunately,Nepalese(尼泊爾的)officialsareworkingtodealwiththisenvironmentdisaster.(隨著珠穆朗瑪峰登山者人數(shù)的增加，這座自然奇觀(guān)上留下了更多的垃圾。幸運(yùn)的是，尼泊爾官員正在努力應(yīng)對(duì)這場(chǎng)環(huán)境災(zāi)難)”可知，珠穆朗瑪峰環(huán)境災(zāi)難的原因是登山者留下的垃圾。故選B項(xiàng)。【18題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Inaddition,thereistheproblemwithhumanwaste.Thishasbeenagrowingproblemandhasputlifeindanger.Thewasteproblemnowspreadsfromthebasecamptotheriverbelow,pollutingthelocalwatersupply.(此外，還有人類(lèi)排泄物的問(wèn)題。這是一個(gè)日益嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題，已經(jīng)危及生命。排泄物問(wèn)題現(xiàn)在從大本營(yíng)蔓延到下面的河流，污染了當(dāng)?shù)氐墓┧?”可知，污染當(dāng)?shù)厮吹氖侨祟?lèi)排泄物。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“In2014,theNepalesegovernmenttriedtosolvethispollutionproblem,requiringthatclimbersbringback18poundsofrubbishontheirwaydownthemountain.(2014年，尼泊爾政府試圖解決這一污染問(wèn)題，要求登山者在下山時(shí)帶回18磅的垃圾)”可知，2014年要求登山者下山時(shí)帶走18磅的垃圾。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Firstofall,dustbinshavebeenplacedalongthemountainpaths.Inaddition,heavyfineswillbegiventoclimberswhopollutethemountain.(首先，沿著山路放置了垃圾桶。此外，對(duì)于污染山區(qū)的登山者將處以重罰)”和“Finally,therubbishwillberemovedfromthemountain.(最后，垃圾將被從山上移走)”可知，最后一段提出了三條新規(guī)定：放置垃圾桶、對(duì)污染者處以重罰和移除山上的垃圾。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文下面各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。BethanyFirth,nowafamousswimmer,haslearningdifficulty.Butwhenshewasasmallchild,shefellintoaswimmingpool,whichmadeher___21___ofwateranddeterminednevertoswim.ThatwasuntilFirthwenttoaschoolwhereswimminglessonswere___22___.Firthdideverythingshecouldtogetoutofthelessons,likeleavingherswimsuit(泳衣)outofherbag___23___.Eventually,Firthcouldn’tavoid___24___lessonsanylonger-shehadtogetintothewater.___25___,surprisingly,onceshestartedswimming,sheneverlookedback.Shetrainedregularlyandbecamea(n)___26___swimmer.Herhardworkpaidoff.She___27___goldinthe2012LondonParalympics(殘奧會(huì)).Afterhersuccess,Firthcontinuedtotrainhard.Shefeltshewas___28___whenitwastimeforthe2016RioParalympics.Firthtookthechanceandreturnedhome___29___afterwinningthreegoldsandasilver.In2017,Firthwas____30____toBuckinghamPalacetoreceiveanhonour(MBE)forher____31____toswimming.“Ifeellikesporthas____32____somanydoorsforme.I’mhappyto____33____mystoryandhelpinspirepeopleto____34____theirdreams.Ialsowanttohelppeoplegetabetterunderstandingofpeoplewith____35____difficulty,”saidFirth.21.A.afraid B.capable C.proud D.short22.A.missed B.funny C.required D.boring23.A.insight B.inturn C.ontime D.onpurpose24.A.jumping B.swimming C.running D.jogging25.A.So B.But C.For D.Or26.A.honest B.average C.strong D.patient27.A.bought B.made C.borrowed D.won28.A.hopeless B.ready C.moved D.weak29.A.successful B.careful C.awful D.painful30.A.attracted B.forced C.pushed D.invited31.A.contributions B.agreements C.introductionsD.responses32.A.closed B.kicked C.opened D.broken33.A.remember B.share C.record D.sell34.A.drop B.steal C.change D.realize35.A.learning B.hearing C.dancing D.smelling【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.B25.B26.C27.D28.B29.A30.D31.A32.C33.B34.D35.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。本文講述了BethanyFirth克服對(duì)水的恐懼，從不喜歡游泳到成為奧運(yùn)冠軍的勵(lì)志故事?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但是當(dāng)她還是個(gè)小孩子的時(shí)候，她掉進(jìn)了一個(gè)游泳池，這讓她害怕水，決定永遠(yuǎn)不游泳。A.afraid害怕的；B.capable有能力的；C.proud自豪的；D.short短的。根據(jù)下文“determinednevertoswim.”可知，她害怕水，決定永遠(yuǎn)不游泳。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：直到弗斯上了一所要求學(xué)生上游泳課的學(xué)校。A.missed被錯(cuò)過(guò)的；B.funny有趣的；C.required必需的；D.boring令人厭煩的。根據(jù)下文“Eventually,Firthcouldn’tavoid_____lessons”可知，弗斯上了一所要求學(xué)生上游泳課的學(xué)校。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查介詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：費(fèi)斯想盡一切辦法逃避課程，比如故意把泳衣放在包里。A.insight在視野內(nèi)；B.inturn輪流；C.ontime準(zhǔn)時(shí)；D.onpurpose故意地。根據(jù)上文“Firthdideverythingshecouldtogetoutofthelessons”可知，她故意把泳衣放在包里。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最終，費(fèi)斯無(wú)法再逃避游泳課了——她不得不下水。A.jumping跳；B.swimming游泳；C.running跑；D.jogging慢跑鍛煉。根據(jù)上文“swimminglessons”可知，費(fèi)斯無(wú)法再逃避游泳課了。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：但令人驚訝的是，一旦她開(kāi)始游泳，她就再也沒(méi)有放棄。A.So所以；B.But但是；C.For因?yàn)椋籇.Or或者。根據(jù)句意可知，前后句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她定期訓(xùn)練，成為一名強(qiáng)壯的游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員。A.honest誠(chéng)實(shí)的；B.average平均的；C.strong強(qiáng)壯的；D.patient有耐心的。根據(jù)上文“Shetrainedregularly”可知，她成為了一名強(qiáng)壯的游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員。故C?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她在2012年倫敦殘奧會(huì)上獲得金牌。A.bought買(mǎi)；B.made制作；C.borrowed借；D.won贏得。根據(jù)下文“winning”可知，她在2012年倫敦殘奧會(huì)上獲得金牌。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)2016年里約殘奧會(huì)到來(lái)時(shí)，她覺(jué)得自己已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了。A.hopeless無(wú)希望的；B.ready準(zhǔn)備好的；C.moved感動(dòng)的；D.weak弱的。根據(jù)上文“Afterhersuccess,Firthcontinuedtotrainhard.”可知，她覺(jué)得自己已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了參加殘奧會(huì)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：費(fèi)斯抓住了這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，成功地贏得了三枚金牌和一枚銀牌。A.successful成功的；B.careful認(rèn)真的；C.awful糟糕的；D.painful疼痛的。根據(jù)下文“afterwinningthreegoldsandasilver”可知，成功地贏得了三枚金牌和一枚銀牌。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：2017年，費(fèi)斯被邀請(qǐng)到白金漢宮接受榮譽(yù)勛章(MBE)，以表彰她對(duì)游泳的貢獻(xiàn)。A.attracted吸引；B.forced迫使；C.pushed推；D.invited邀請(qǐng)。根據(jù)下文“toBuckinghamPalacetoreceiveanhonour(MBE)”可知，指被邀請(qǐng)去參加。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：2017年，費(fèi)斯被邀請(qǐng)到白金漢宮接受榮譽(yù)勛章(MBE)，以表彰她對(duì)游泳的貢獻(xiàn)。A.contributions貢獻(xiàn)；B.agreements同意；C.introductions介紹；D.responses反應(yīng)。根據(jù)上文“Herhardworkpaidoff.She______goldinthe2012LondonParalympics(殘奧會(huì)).”以及“Firthtookthechanceandreturnedhome______afterwinningthreegoldsandasilver.”可知，表彰她對(duì)游泳的貢獻(xiàn)。故選A項(xiàng)。【32題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我覺(jué)得體育為我打開(kāi)了很多扇門(mén)。A.closed關(guān)閉；B.kicked踢；C.opened打開(kāi)；D.broken打破。根據(jù)上文“Herhardworkpaidoff.She______goldinthe2012LondonParalympics(殘奧會(huì)).”以及“Firthtookthechanceandreturnedhome______afterwinningthreegoldsandasilver.”可知，她挑戰(zhàn)了自己，取得了成功，所以體育為她打開(kāi)了很多扇門(mén)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我很高興分享我的故事，并幫助激勵(lì)人們實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的夢(mèng)想。A.remember記得；B.share分享；C.record記錄；D.sell賣(mài)。根據(jù)下文“helpinspirepeopleto______theirdreams.”可知，BethanyFirth很高興分享了自己的故事。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我很高興分享我的故事，并幫助激勵(lì)人們實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的夢(mèng)想。A.drop掉落；B.steal偷；C.change改變；D.realize實(shí)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)下文“theirdreams”可知，幫助激勵(lì)人們實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的夢(mèng)想。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我還想幫助人們更好地了解有學(xué)習(xí)困難的人。A.learning學(xué)習(xí)；B.hearing聽(tīng)；C.dancing跳舞；D.smelling聞。根據(jù)上文“earningdifficulty”可知，BethanyFirth想幫助人們更好地了解有學(xué)習(xí)困難的人。故選A項(xiàng)。第二部分非選擇題（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分10分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。OnthemorningofFebruary5,TangYuman,___36___highschoolstudentfromHuludaocity,waswatchingthesunrisebytheseasidewhenhenoticedsomeonefloating(漂浮)onthewater’ssurface.Tangshoutedinthatdirection,butthere___37___(be)noresponse.“Ididfeelalittlescaredatthatmoment,butIknewImustrescue(搭救)theperson,”saidTang.Tangtookoffhiscoatwithout___38___(hesitate)andjumpedintothewater.Thoughhefeltpainfullycold,hetriedhisbest___39___(reach)thedrowning(溺水的)person.Itwasanoldwoman.Tangliftedhershouldersoutofthewater___40___drewhertowardtheshore.Hetriedseveraltimestopushtheelderlywomantotheshore,butwasonlyabletopull___41___(she)ontotheice.Hekepthimselfcalmandcalled120forhelp.Whilewaiting___42___thedoctors,Tangalsogavetheelderlywomanfirstaid,ashefoundshehadtroublein___43___(breathe).Justthen,anotherman,___44___wasonamorningrun,cameovertohelpthem.Thegranny___45___(rush)tothehospitalafterthedoctorsarrived.Thankstothepair’stimelyrescue,shegotoutofdanger.【答案】36.a37.was38.hesitation39.toreach40.and41.her42.for43.breathing44.who45.wasrushed【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章通過(guò)敘述唐玉滿(mǎn)在海邊看日出時(shí)救人的事件，展現(xiàn)了他的勇敢和冷靜，同時(shí)也體現(xiàn)了在緊急情況下如何采取有效措施的重要性。【36題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：2月5日早上，來(lái)自葫蘆島市的一名高中生唐玉滿(mǎn)在海邊看日出時(shí)，注意到水面上有人漂浮著。此處泛指“一名高中生”，且high發(fā)音以輔音音素開(kāi)頭，應(yīng)用不定冠詞a修飾。故填a?！?7題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：唐朝著那個(gè)方向大喊，但沒(méi)有回應(yīng)。根據(jù)上文shouted可知，本句描述過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)，故時(shí)態(tài)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式，且therebe句型遵循就近原則，此處be動(dòng)詞與noresponse保持一致，用was。故填was。【38題詳解】考查名詞。句意：唐毫不猶豫地脫下外套，跳進(jìn)水里。without為介詞，后跟hesitate的名詞hesitation“猶豫”，作賓語(yǔ)。故填hesitation。【39題詳解】考查非謂