完形填空之說(shuō)明文-2023年中考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)突破（原卷版）

專項(xiàng)36完形填空之說(shuō)明文

備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語(yǔ)精選考點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)突破

考點(diǎn)詳解

_________/

一、命題特點(diǎn)分析：

i.開頭點(diǎn)題。說(shuō)明文類完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出說(shuō)明的對(duì)象，這是掌握說(shuō)明細(xì)節(jié)

的前提。

2.結(jié)構(gòu)清晰。說(shuō)明文一般按一定的順序展開。理清文章的說(shuō)明順序，對(duì)于正確把握文意和上下文的邏

輯關(guān)系，選擇正確答案具有重要意義。

3.難度較大。說(shuō)明文往往采用比較正式的文體，表述準(zhǔn)確嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，生詞術(shù)語(yǔ)較多，句子較長(zhǎng)，結(jié)構(gòu)較為

復(fù)雜。

4.說(shuō)明文一般采用簡(jiǎn)練的語(yǔ)言，按一定的方法介紹事物的類別、性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)、構(gòu)造、成因、關(guān)系或事

物的運(yùn)動(dòng)變化、發(fā)展的過(guò)程及其規(guī)律。

5.說(shuō)明文十分講究條理性，一般采取時(shí)間順序、空間順序、邏輯順序或認(rèn)知順序來(lái)說(shuō)明事物或事理。

二、解題方法：

1.快速弄清文章大意。

對(duì)于此類文章我們結(jié)合選擇項(xiàng)，進(jìn)行粗讀或略讀，對(duì)文章的大意要先有一個(gè)大體的了解。說(shuō)明文往往

生詞較多，而題材又比較廣泛，所以閱讀時(shí)，首先要能夠掌握文章的大意。

2.弄清楚說(shuō)明的順序。

把握了說(shuō)明順序，就能準(zhǔn)確把握文章的脈絡(luò)，加強(qiáng)對(duì)整篇文章的理解。

3.把握文章的組織結(jié)構(gòu)，理清事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。

把握語(yǔ)篇特征對(duì)理解文意與答題極為有利。說(shuō)明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表達(dá)清楚的、邏

輯比較嚴(yán)密的短文。在閱讀這類文章時(shí)，我們一定要仔細(xì)研讀文章的開頭和結(jié)尾，從主題句著手，找出支

持句，然后尋找文章的結(jié)論。這時(shí)，我們還要特別注意，不要被表面的一些細(xì)節(jié)所迷惑，我們?cè)诶斫饧?xì)節(jié)

的基礎(chǔ)上，還要斟酌文字的內(nèi)涵意義，從而對(duì)文章進(jìn)行深層次的理解。

4.注重上下文語(yǔ)境

應(yīng)逐句精讀短文，逐題分析選項(xiàng)，對(duì)特定的語(yǔ)境作深入的理解，克服"思維定勢(shì)"，根據(jù)全文大意和

詞不離句、句不離文的原則逐項(xiàng)填空。

5.熟練做題方法，遵循四個(gè)原則:

(1)上下一致。每個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)必須從全文出發(fā)，從大處著手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成誤選。

(2)語(yǔ)法正確。從語(yǔ)法的角度去考慮動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)以及詞類用法。

(3)邏輯合理。在完形填空題中，邏輯推理非常重要，有時(shí)每個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)從語(yǔ)法上講都正確，但是有的

是不合語(yǔ)境邏輯的。

(4)符合搭配。英語(yǔ)中固定搭配很多，需要熟練掌握，才能做好此類題目。

真題再現(xiàn)

A

（2022?黑龍江?中考真題）

Peoplehavebeentryingtofindoutwhetherhomeworkisgoodorbadforschoolchildren,andtheyhave

different1?

Somepeoplethinkthathomeworkisanimportantpartof2forstudents.Theybelieveitnotonly

enableschildrentopracticewhattheyhavelearned3class,butalsohelps4theirhandwriting.

Theyalsosaythathomeworkisabletoteachchildren5toworkontheirown.Also,ifsaskillwhichis

6totheminfuturelife.

Othersdisagree,though.Theythinkhomeworkputs7stressonchildren.Andthetimespenton

homeworkcouldhavebeenusedtodo8activitieslikereadingandplayingsports,Tobackup（支持）

theiropinion,theygivethe9ofFinland（芬蘭）.

InFinland,studentshavelittlehomework.Butthecountryremainsoneofthemosteducationally

10countriesintheworld.

Inmyopinion,whetherthehomeworkisgoodorbad11thepurposeofit.Ifthereisnoclearreasonfor

givinghomework,thestudentswillnotget12fromdoingit,soitshouldnotbeset.13,1still

believethathomeworkcan14helpwithchildren'slearning,ifteachersclearlytellthemwhythey

15dothehomeworkandletthemknowhowtheywilldotheirhomework.Studentswillgetmorefrom

homework.

1.A.adviceB.opinionsC.idea

2.A.learnB.tolearnC.learning

3.A.inB.forC.after

4.A.changeB.increaseC.improve

5.A.whatB.howC.which

6.A.usefulB.hardC.difficult

7.A.muchtooB.toomuchC.toomany

8.A.anotherB.othersC.other

9.A.nameB.exampleC.number

10.A.successfulB.successC.succeed

11.A.worksoutB.worksonC.dependson

12.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothing

13.A.HoweverB.ButC.Or

14.A.hardlyB?suddenlyC.really

15.A.shouldB.couldC.may

B

（2022?黑龍江齊齊哈爾?中考真題）

Haveyouarguedwithafriendordoneanythingyouregretted?16ifshardtoputthingsright,

especiallywhenyourfeelingsarehurt.Knowing17toapologize（道歉）canhelpyoubeefriendsagain

andunderstandwhyyouargue,18you'llseparatefromeachotherforever.

Whydoyouargue?

Youargueforallkindsofreasons.Yourfriend^ideais19yoursaboutsomethingoryoursister

alwaysdrivesyoucrazy.Whenyouare20,youmaysayordosomethingtohurtothers.Arguingwith

othersisquitenormalbutit'simportantto21itandlearnfromit.

Whatdoesanapologymean?

Everybodymakesmistakesinhislife.Apologizingisagood22ofadmitting（承認(rèn)）yourmistakes.

Infact,ifsverydifficulttosaysorrytoothers.Mostofthepeoplethinksayingsorrymeansregrettingwhatthey've

23done.Butaslongasyoudecidetocorrectyourmistakes,youshould24.It'sbelievedthata

goodapologyneedstoshowthatyou'retrulysorry,youwanttoberesponsibleforwhatyoudoandgetforgiveness

（原諒）.

Whatif（萬(wàn)一）it'snotyourmistake?

Sometimesthemistakeshave25todowithyou,butanotherpersonmayforceyoutosaysorry.Be

suretotrytalkingaboutwhyyouargueatfirst.If26ofyoustillcanagreewitheachother,whatshould

youdo?Keep27andaskaparentorateacherforhelp.

Doesapologizingalwayswork?

AsfarasIknow,anapologyitself28一beenough,sotrytoasksomeoneelsehowhefeltwhileyouwere

arguing.Explainyoursidetoo,andmake29clearthatyou'lltrytoavoidmakingthesamemistakeagain.

Anapologyisn'tamagicstick.Itmay30peopletimetounderstandandforgive.

16.A.PerhapsB.RecentlyC.Instead

17.A.whatB.whereC.how

18.A.andB.orC.so

19.A.differentfromB.similartoC.aswellas

20.A.happyB.boredC.angry

21.A.solveB.refuseC.plain

22.A.hobbyB.wayC.reason

23.A.neverB.nearlyC.ever

24.A.goawayB.tryyourbestC.talkback

25.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothing

26.A.allB.neitherC.either

27.A.coolB.relaxedC.crazy

28.A.mustn'tB.maynotC.needn't

29.A.thatB.thisC.it

30.A.spendB.takeC.cost

事筵模擬檢測(cè)

C

（2022?河北?模擬預(yù)測(cè)）

CustomersintheUSspendlessmoneyonBlackFridaythanprevious（以前的）years.

BlackFridayisthedayafterThanksgivingintheUS.Thanksgivingisalwaysthefourth3]in

November.

BlackFridayistraditionallythedaywhentheChristmasshoppingperiodbegins.Itisusuallyoneofthe

32daysoftheyearforsellers.

Manysellers33theirpricestoencourageshopperstospendtheirmoney.Somecustomersarriveat

storesbeforetheyopen,andwaitinlineforachancetobuy34things.

Lastyear,Americans35atotalof$57,4billionoverthefourdays（fromThursdaytoSunday）.

However,thisyear,expertsthinkthattheamountwill36toaround$50,9billion.

BlackFridaystartedintheUS,buthasbeemorepopularinother37recently.

ManycustomersfromtheUKhavestartedspendingmoremoneyonBlackFriday,eventhoughBritishpeople

don'tcelebrateThanksgiving.

OnlinesellerAmazonUKsaidthatFridaywasitsbusiestdayever.Accordingtothe38,customers

bought5.5millionproductsonFriday,whichwasaround64thingspersecond.

ManystoresintheUKalsoofferedcheap39,suchasTVs,coffeemachinesandotherelectronic

products.

Insomestoresshoppers40toleavethestore,eventhoughalloftheproductshadalreadybeen

soldout.

31.A.MondayB.TuesdayC.WednesdayD.Thursday

32.A.busiestB.coldestC.quietestD.longest

33.A.raiseB.riseC.reduceD.change

34.A.heavyB.bigC.cheapD.special

35.A.madeB.spentC.tookD.paid

36.A.increaseB.addC.dropD.get

37.A.citiesB.mountainsC.townsD.countries

38.A.websiteB.studyC.storyD.diary

39.A.vegetablesB.productsC.fruitsD.snacks

40.A.hopedB.decidedC.refusedD.tried

D

（2022?安徽淮南?二模）

Chinesepeoplearewellknownforbeinghospitable（好客的）.Manyevenfeelthattheywilllosefaceiftheir

41eatupallthefoodonthetable.Asweallknow,foodwastebeesa42probleminChina.

Luckily,thissituationcanbe43withthehelpofarule.

Accordingtotherule,foodproviderswhoencourageorforcepeopleto44toomuchfoodmayface

fines（罰款）ofupto10,000yuan.Andtheyshouldremindpeopletoorderthe45amountoffood.

Besides,peopleareencouragedtofinishallthefoodonthediningtable.Nowmanypeopleshowtheirsupport

fortherulebysharingphotosandvideosofempty46online.AndmanyChinesepeoplehave

47thehabitoftakingleftovers（吃剩的食物）home.