2021-2022學(xué)年上海市楊浦區(qū)控江中學(xué)高一上學(xué)期期中考試英語試題（解析版）（不含聽力音頻）

2021-2022學(xué)年上海市楊浦區(qū)控江中學(xué)高一上學(xué)期期中考試英語試題ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Atatrainstation.B.Atabank.C.Ataboxoffice.D.Atanairport.2.A.Haveaphysicalexamination.B.Waitfortherepairmantoarrive.CBuyanewcellphoneforthewoman.D.Findoutwhatiswrongwiththecellphone.3.A.Prepareforatest.B.Continuethegame.C.Haveabreak.D.Gotobed.4.A.travelagency.B.Salesstrategies.C.Ajobopportunity.D.Tournews.5.A.Writingpoems.B.Holdingacontest.C.Listeningtomusic.D.Playingwithhisearphones.6.A.Tonylacksconfidenceinhisownmatch.B.Thewomandislikestennismatches.C.Mostpeoplewillfindthematchesexciting.D.ThemanagreeswithTony'sopinion.7.A.Theclubmembersaren'tavailable.B.Theinternetdoesn'twork.C.Shedoesn'thavetimetodoit.D.Theemailhasn'tbeenready.8.A.Exciting.B.Well-paid.C.Boring.D.Tough.9.A.Hehaslostinterestinworkinghere.B.Heisgladnottobefined.C.Hewillleavethecompanynow.D.Helikesthetiringjob.10.A.Doaslittleexerciseasshecan.B.Domoderatephysicaltraining.C.Repeatthetrainingeveryotherweek.D.Avoidweight-liftingexercise.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Toremindthepublicofenvironmentalproblems.B.TocelebratethebirthoftheEarth.C.Todemonstratehumans’abilitytoaltertheenvironment.D.Tospreadtheknowledgeoftheenvironment.12.A.Badeffectonhuman’sincome.B.Disappearanceofmarinetourism.C.Lowerefficiencyofoilindustry.D.Smallernumbersoffishglobally.13.A.Tourgeothercountriestosolvetheunmanagedwasteproblem.B.Tomakethethreatsofunmanagedwastepubliclyknown.CToencouragefishinginnovationinthefisheries.D.Tomakelawstopreventmarinewreckage.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.About17%.B.About30%.C.About50%.D.about70%.15.A.Femalepopulationissmallerthanmalepopulation.B.Femaleaccesstotheinternetcannotbringeconomicgrowth.C.Fewerwomenthanmencouldaffordmobilephonesandservice.D.Theinternalcorporationpreferredmaleemployees.16.A.Causeandeffect.B.Definitionandexplanation.C.Comparisonandcontrast.D.Problem,analysisandsolution.Questions17to20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Apersonwholovesfastfoodandhasagoodappetite.B.Apersonwhobuysthebook,watchesTVandcooksalittle.C.Apersonwhocooksfoodwithgoodingredientsandateit.D.Apersonwhohasastronginterestinfood,butrarelycooks.18.A.Cutthecausesofbuyingfood.B.Findsourcesofqualitymeat.C.Wrightcookbooksforotherstolearnfrom.D.Cookdifferentpartsofananimalindifferentways.19.A.Moreandmorepeopleareunabletoaffordfood.B.It'smoreandmoredifficulttofindsuitablefood.C.Thefastpaceoflifecostsusthetraditionofcooking.D.Povertyrobspeopleoftheabilitytocookandsharefood.20.A.Economicalfood.B.Whatafoodieis.CCookingskills.D.Howtobeagoodcook.II.Grammar(20分)SectionA(10分)Directions:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.1.Didyouforeseethatsomanyinvestors________alltheirmoneyinthestockmarket?A.hadlost B.lost C.wouldlose D.havelost【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：你有沒有預(yù)見到這么多投資者會在股票市場上賠光他們的錢？分析句子可知，本句為賓語從句，主句時態(tài)為一般過去時，從句時態(tài)也應(yīng)使用過去的某種時態(tài)，再結(jié)合foresee“預(yù)見”可知，從句應(yīng)用過去將來時。故選C項。2.Mostparentsbelievethatthehardworkfortheirschoolkids________laterintheirlives.A.hasrepaid B.hasbeenrepaid C.willhaverepaid D.willberepaid【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：大多數(shù)父母相信為孩子們所付出的努力會在以后的生活中得到回報。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句的主語是thehardworkfortheirschoolkids，謂語動詞是repy，主謂之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，結(jié)合后面的時間later，此處應(yīng)用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)，即willbedone，故選D項。

3.Thescientistshavemadeanexhaustivestudyofthevirus________manypeoplehavebeeninfected.A.towhich B.withwhich C.inwhich D.forwhich【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：科學(xué)家們對這種已感染了許多人的病毒作了詳盡的研究。分析句子可知，這里使用了定語從句，先行詞是thevirus，定語從句中使用了詞組beinfectedwith，意為“感染上”，所以缺少介詞with和關(guān)系代詞which。故選B項。4.MyfamilyaswellasI________gladtohearthenewsthatyouhavebeenadmittedtosuchafamousuniversity.A.are B.am C.is D.was【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查主謂一致和時態(tài)。句意：我和我的家人都很高興聽到你被這么著名的大學(xué)錄取的消息。由后面的“havebeenadmitted”可知，句子時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時，aswellas連接兩個并列主語時，后面的謂語的形式由前面的主語確定，即Myfamily，強調(diào)的是家人中的成員，不止一個，因此是復(fù)數(shù)概念，因此空格處是are，故選A。5.Donaldsurvivedwhenthecar________hewasincrashedintoatruckfromtheoppositeside.A.as B.where C.that D.once【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：當(dāng)唐納德所在的那輛汽車從對面撞上了一輛卡車時，他幸免于難。分析可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為thecar，指物，關(guān)系詞代替它在從句中作賓語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which或that。故選C。6.Wasittheboy'spassionforplayingthepianoinhischildhood________ledhimtobeamusiccollegestudent?A.which B.that C.what D.when【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：是這個男孩小時候?qū)椾撉俚臒釔圩屗蔀榱艘幻魳穼W(xué)院的學(xué)生嗎?A：which哪一個；B：that那個；C：what什么；D：when何時。強調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)Itis/was+強調(diào)成份+that/who+其它。結(jié)合句意，此處為強調(diào)句，強調(diào)句子的主語theboy'spassionforplayingthepianoinhischildhood，故答案為B。7.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,95percentofwomenagedbetween15andearly40s________adoctoronceayear,comparedto70percentofmeninthesameagegroup.A.see B.sees C.saw D.hadseen【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：根據(jù)最近的一項調(diào)查，在15歲至40歲出頭的女性中，95%的人每年看一次醫(yī)生，而同一年齡段的男性中，這一比例為70%。根據(jù)句意可知，句子描述客觀事實，時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語women是復(fù)數(shù)，因此空格處是動詞原形see，故選A。8.AlotofloverschosetogetmarriedonDec.12,2012________thedate,themonthandtheyearmatch.A.which B.inwhich C.when D.ofwhich【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：很多情侶選擇在2012年12月12日結(jié)婚，因為這一天的日期、月份和年份相匹配。本句是定語從句，從句修飾先行詞Dec.12,2012，先行詞表示時間，且在從句中做時間狀語，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)用when，故選C項。9.TheNobelPrizeinliteraturehasbeenawardedannuallytoanauthorfromanycountry________hasproduced“inthefieldofliteraturethemostoutstandingworkinanidealdirection”.A.which B.who C.where D.as【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：諾貝爾文學(xué)獎每年頒發(fā)給“在文學(xué)領(lǐng)域朝著理想方向創(chuàng)作出最杰出作品”的任何國家的作家。本句是定語從句，從句修飾先行詞anauthor，先行詞是人，在從句中作主語，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用who，故選B項。

10.---Couldyoutellmewhereyou’reworkingnow,Tony?---Inthenewdevelopmentzone.ButI________inacomputercompanyforfiveyears.A.haveworked B.hadworked C.wasworking D.worked【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：——你能告訴我你現(xiàn)在在哪里工作嗎，托尼?——在新開發(fā)區(qū)。但是我在一家電腦公司工作過五年。這里表示“過去在一家電腦公司工作五年”，陳述的是過去的事實，所以用一般過去時。故選D。SectionB(10分)Directions:Afterreadingthepassageblew,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?Ateacher?Adoctor?Howaboutanice-creamtaster?Yes,therereallyisajob____11____youcangetpaidtotasteice-cream.JustaskJohnHarrison,an“OfficialTasteTester”forthepast21years.Testinghelpsmanufacturerstobesureofaproduct’squality.DuringhiscareerHarrisonhasbeenresponsible____12____approvinglargequantitiesofthesweetice-cream-aswellasfordevelopingover75flavors.Somepeoplethinkthatitwouldbeeasytodothisjob,afterall,youjusthavetolikeice-cream,right?No—there’smoretothejobthanthat,saysHarrison,who____13____(have)adegreeinchemistry.Hepointsoutthatadairyorfood-sciencedegreewouldbeveryusefultosomeone____14____(want)acareerinthis“cool”field.In____15____typicalmorningonthejob,Harrisontastesandassesses60ice-creamsamples.Heletstheice-creamwarmuptoabout12°F.Harrisonexplains,“Yougetmoreflavorfrom____16____(warm)ice-creamthanusual,____17____iswhysomekidsliketostir(攪動)it,creatingice-creamsoup.”Whiletheice-creamwarmsup,Harrisonlooksoverthesamplesandgradeseachoneonitsappearance.“Tastingbeginswiththeeyes,”heexplains.Hecheckstosee____18____theice-creamisattractiveandaskshimself,“Doestheproducthavethecolorexpectedfromthatflavor?”Nextit'stime____19____(taste)!Continuingtothinkupnewideas,______20______(try)outnewflavors,andtestsamplesfromsomanykindsofice-creameachdaykeepsHarrisonbusybuthappy-workingatone“cool”job.【答案】11.where12.for13.has14.wanting15.a16.warmer17.which18.if##whether19.totaste20.try【解析】【分析】本文是記敘文。文章講述冰淇淋品嘗師Harrison的神奇工作?！?1題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：是的，真的有這樣一份工作，你可以通過品嘗冰淇淋獲得報酬。分析句子可知，空格處為限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞job，關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在定語從句中作地點狀語，表示“在工作中”，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)該從句。故填where?！?2題詳解】考查介詞。句意：在他的職業(yè)生涯中，哈里森負(fù)責(zé)批準(zhǔn)了大量的甜冰淇淋，并開發(fā)了超過75種口味的冰淇淋。beresponsiblefor為固定搭配，意為“對……負(fù)責(zé)”。故填for?！?3題詳解】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：擁有化學(xué)學(xué)位的哈里森說，不，這份工作的意義遠(yuǎn)不止于此。分析句子可知，提示詞have(有)是定語從句中謂語動詞，根據(jù)語境可知，描述當(dāng)前的狀況，應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，又因主語who(指代先行詞Harrison)是單數(shù)名詞，所以謂語動詞也應(yīng)使用單數(shù)形式。故填has?！?4題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：他指出，乳品或食品科學(xué)學(xué)位對想在這個“酷”領(lǐng)域工作的人非常有用。分析句子可知，提示詞want作后置定語修飾代詞someone，是非謂語動詞，與其邏輯主語someone之間是主動關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞，表示主動。故填wanting。【15題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：在工作中，哈里森通常會在一個平常的早晨品嘗并評估60種冰激凌樣品?？蓴?shù)名詞morning在句中表示“一個平常的早晨”，泛指，前面應(yīng)使用不定冠詞，又因空格后typical音標(biāo)中的第一個單節(jié)是輔音音素/t/，所以應(yīng)使用不定冠詞a。故填a?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞比較級。句意：溫暖的冰淇淋比平時更有味道，這就是為什么一些孩子喜歡攪拌它，制作冰淇淋湯。根據(jù)比較級的標(biāo)志than可知，句中是把加熱后的冰淇淋與加熱前的冰淇淋進(jìn)行比較，應(yīng)使用比較級形式。故填warmer?！?7題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：溫暖的冰淇淋比平時更有味道，這就是為什么一些孩子喜歡攪拌它，制作冰淇淋湯。分析句子可知，空格處為非限制性定語從句，修飾前面整個句子，關(guān)系詞將“Yougetmoreflavorfrom7(warm)ice-creamthanusual”（先行詞）這件事情代入定語從句作主語，只能用which引導(dǎo)該定語從句。故填which。【18題詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：他檢查了一下冰淇淋是否吸引人，然后問自己：“這種產(chǎn)品的顏色符合那種口味的要求嗎?”。連詞if/whether引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，在從句中不作成分，表示“是否”。分析句子可知，空格后是賓語從句，從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整不缺成分，再結(jié)合句意可知，應(yīng)用連詞if/whether引導(dǎo)詞該賓語從句，表示“是否吸引人”。故填if/whether?！?9題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：接下來是品嘗的時候了。“Itistimetodosth.”是固定句型，表示“是時候做某事了”，其中動詞不定式作后置定語修飾名詞time。故填totaste?！?0題詳解】考查動詞原形。句意：繼續(xù)想出新點子，嘗試新口味，每天從這么多種類的冰淇淋中測試樣品，這讓哈里森忙碌而快樂——他有一份“酷”的工作。分析句子可知，tryout與thinkup、test是并列關(guān)系，三個動詞一起與to構(gòu)成動詞不定式，作Continuing的賓語，用動詞原形。故填try。III.Vocabulary(20分)(A)Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereonewordmorethanyouneed.A.typicallyB.releasedC.industrialD.apparentE.classifiedF.dumpsG.potentialH.originallyI.containersJ.transportedK.specialAhungrypolarbearseenscavenging(在廢棄物中覓食)forfoodinamajor____21____cityinnorthernSiberiahasbeencaughtand____22____toawildlifeparkfortreatment.Expertssaytheanimal,____23____thoughttohavewanderedhundredsofmilesfromitsnaturalhabitat(棲息地)intheArctic,insteadmayhavebeentakenasacubandraisedincaptivity(關(guān)押)bypelttraders.Thepolarbearwasspottedwanderingthroughoutthecity,searchingforfood.Photosshowedtheanimalwalkingslowlyacrossabusyroadwithmuddypaws,diggingthroughrubbleandtrashandlyingdownfrom____24____exhaustionontheground.WildlifeexpertswerecalledtoassessthepolarbearanddeterminewhetheritcouldbetakenbacktotheArctic.Butaftersedating(給……服鎮(zhèn)靜劑)theanimal,expertssaiditwasseverelyill,atleastpartlyfromfeedingherselffromgarbage____25____,andwouldneedmedicalcare,accordingtotheSiberianTimes.Expertsdevelopednewtheoriesabouthowitcametobeinthecity,thinkingthatitmayhavebeenraisedtherebypoachers(偷獵者)whointendedtosellitforitspelt.Theexpertsexplainedthatitis____26____males,notfemales,thattravellongdistances,andsaidthispolarbearwastoocleantohavemadesuchatrip.It’spossiblethatpoachers____27____theanimaltoavoidbeingcaughtandpunished.PolarbearpoachinghasbeenbannedinRussiaformorethan60years.Still,ithasbeenestimatedthatasmanyas200ofthemarekilledeachyear.InFebruary,localreportsestimatedthatabout50polarbearshadtakenoverNovayaZemlya,poppingupinbuildings,onplaygrounds.Asaresult,officialsdeclaredastateofemergency,manypeopleweretooscaredtoleavetheirhomesorlettheirchildrenplayoutside,and____28____personnelwerebeingsenttohelpcopewiththesituation.Polarbearsare____29____classifiedasavulnerablespeciesbecauseoftheongoingand_____30_____lossoftheirseaicehabitatresultingfromclimatechange.TheInternationalUnionforConservationofNatureestimatesthatthereare22,000to31,000polarbearsworldwide.【答案】21.C22.J23.H24.D25.F26.A27.B28.K29.E30.G【解析】【分析】本文是記敘文。文章講述了一只饑餓的北極熊在西伯利亞北部的一個主要工業(yè)城市游蕩覓食，它最終被抓獲并被送往野生動物園接受治療，文章同時對北極熊的現(xiàn)狀作了簡單描述?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：一只饑餓的北極熊在西伯利亞北部的一個主要工業(yè)城市覓食，它被抓獲并被送往野生動物園接受治療。結(jié)合句意，分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填入形容詞作定語修飾名詞city，結(jié)合選項，形容詞industrial表示“工業(yè)的”，符合語境。故選C項。【22題詳解】考查謂語動詞。句意：一只饑餓的北極熊在西伯利亞北部的一個主要工業(yè)城市覓食，它被抓獲并被送往野生動物園接受治療。分析句子可知，空格處單詞與caught是并列關(guān)系，也應(yīng)使用動詞的過去分詞形式，與hasbeen構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)，結(jié)合選項，hasbeentransported表示“被送往”，符合語境。故選J項?！?3題詳解】考查副詞。句意：專家表示，這只原本被認(rèn)為是從北極自然棲息地遷徙數(shù)百英里到這里的動物，可能是在其幼崽的時期就被毛皮商人圈養(yǎng)了起來。結(jié)合句意，分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填入副詞修飾謂語動詞thought，結(jié)合選項，副詞originally表示“起初，原來”，符合語境。故選H項?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：照片顯示，這只北極熊拖著沾滿泥的爪子，緩慢地穿過一條繁忙的道路，或在碎石和垃圾中掘食，或因明顯的疲憊躺在地上。結(jié)合句意可知，空格處應(yīng)填入形容詞作定語修飾名詞exhaustion，結(jié)合選項，形容詞apparent表示“顯而易見的”，符合語境。故選D項?！?5題詳解】考查名詞。句意：據(jù)《西伯利亞時報》報道，但注射鎮(zhèn)靜劑后，專家說，至少部分原因是由于它從垃圾堆覓食，所以它病得很嚴(yán)重，需要醫(yī)療護(hù)理。根據(jù)第一段“diggingthroughrubbleandtrash”可知，這只北極熊在垃圾堆覓食，結(jié)合選項，名詞dumps表示“垃圾場”，符合語境。故選F項。【26題詳解】考查副詞。句意：專家解釋說，通常是雄性，而不是雌性，會長途跋涉，這只北極熊太干凈了，不可能長途跋涉。結(jié)合句意可知，空格處應(yīng)填入副詞作狀語修飾整個句子，結(jié)合選項，副詞typically表示“一般，通常”，符合語境。故選A項?！?7題詳解】考查謂語動詞。句意：有可能是偷獵者為了逃避抓捕和懲罰而放生了這只北極熊。結(jié)合句意，分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填入動詞作謂語，結(jié)合選項，動詞released表示“釋放，放開”，符合語境。故選B項?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：因此，官員宣布進(jìn)入緊急狀態(tài)，許多人不敢出門，也不敢讓孩子在外面玩耍，專門人員被派去幫助處理這一情況。根據(jù)上文和常識可知，一只饑餓的北極熊在城市游蕩，需要政府派專人處理，結(jié)合選項，形容詞special表示“特殊的，專門的”，修飾名詞personnel，符合語境。故選K項?！?9題詳解】考查謂語動詞。句意：因為氣候變化導(dǎo)致它們的海冰棲息地正在和可能的消失，北極熊被歸類為脆弱物種。結(jié)合句意，分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填入動詞作謂語，結(jié)合選項，動詞classified表示“把……分類”，與are構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)，表示“……被歸類為”，符合語境。故選E項。【30題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：因為氣候變化導(dǎo)致它們的海冰棲息地正在和可能的消失，北極熊被歸類為脆弱物種。分析句子可知，空格處單詞與形容詞ongoing是并列關(guān)系，也應(yīng)使用形容詞作定語修飾名詞loss，結(jié)合選項，potential表示“潛在的”，符合語境。故選G項。(B)Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereonewordmorethanyouneed.A.processingB.mattersC.equivalentD.packagingE.essentialF.producingG.changesH.supportingI.rewardJ.averageK.specialEatGreen:OurEverydayFoodChoicesAffectGlobalWarmingandtheEnvironmentWhatweeat____31____.Thefoodchoiceswemakeeverydayhaveabigeffectontheenvironment.Thegoodnewsisthatevensmall____32____inwhatwebuyandeatcanadduptorealenvironmentalbenefits,includingfewertoxic(有毒的)chemicals,reducedglobalwarmingemissions,andpreservationofouroceanresources.Eating“green”canalsomeaneatingfresher,healthierfoodswhilereducingyourgrocerybilland____33____ourfarmers.1.ChooseClimate-FriendlyFoodFoodthatcomesfromhighonthefoodchainorarrivestoyourplateafterextensive____34____tendstorequiremoreenergyandreleasemoreglobalwarmingpollutionintotheair.The“carbonfootprint”ofhamburger,forexample,includesallofthefossilfuelsthatwentinto____35____thefertilizerandpumpingtheirrigation(灌溉)watertogrowthecornthatfedthecow,andmayalsoincludeemissionsthatresultfromconvertingforestlandtograzingland(牧場).NRDCestimatesthatifallAmericanseliminatedjustonequarterpoundservingofbeefperweek,thereductioninglobalwarminggasemissionswouldbe_____36_____totakingfourtosixmillioncarsofftheroad.2.BuyOrganicandOtherSustainableCertificationsEco—labelslikeUSDAOrganicandothersgiveusawayto_____37_____environmentalperformanceinthemarketplace.Organicagriculture,forexample,isasaferchoicefortheenvironmentandyourfamilybecauseorganicgrowersdon’tusesynthetic(合成的)pesticidesandfertilizers.3.WatchYourWasteTheUSDAestimatesthatanastonishing27percentofallfoodproducedforpeopleintheUnitedStatesiseitherthrownawayorisusedforalower—valuepurpose,likeanimalfood.Arecentstudyestimatedthattheaveragehouseholdwastes14percentofitsfoodpurchases—alossofsignificantvalueformostfamilies.Inadditiontothewater,energy,pesticides,andglobalwarmingpollutionthatwentintoproducing._____38_____,andtransportingthisdiscarded(廢棄的)food,nearlyallofthiswasteendsupinlandfillswhereitreleasesevenmoreheat—transportinggasintheformofmethane(甲烷)asitdecomposes.4.EatLocallyAtypicalAmericanmealcontainsingredientsfromfiveforeigncountries,andevendomesticallygrownproducetravelsa(n)_____39_____of1,500milesbeforeitissold.Buyinglocallycanhelpreducethepollutionandenergyuse______40______withtransporting,storingandrefrigeratingthisfood.【答案】31.B32.G33.H34.A35.F36.C37.I38.D39.J40.K【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了我們?nèi)粘５氖澄镞x擇影響全球變暖和環(huán)境。【31題詳解】考查動詞。句意：我們吃什么很重要。根據(jù)句意“重要”可知，動詞matter符合題意，此處陳述客觀事實，使用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語為主語從句Whatweeat，謂語動詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞。句意：好消息是，在我們購買和食用的東西上，即使是很小的改變，也能增加真正的環(huán)境效益，包括減少有毒化學(xué)物質(zhì)、減少全球變暖排放和保護(hù)我們的海洋資源。根據(jù)句意“改變”可知，名詞change符合題意，此處change為可數(shù)名詞，表示泛指，且沒有冠詞限定，需用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。故選G?！?3題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：吃“綠色食品”還意味著吃更新鮮、更健康的食物，同時減少你的食品雜貨賬單并支持我們的農(nóng)民。根據(jù)句意“支持”可知，動詞support符合題意，空處和“reducing”并列，需填現(xiàn)在分詞形式supporting。故選H?！?4題詳解】考查名詞。句意：來自食物鏈頂端的食物，或者經(jīng)過大量加工后的食物，往往需要更多的能量，并向空氣中釋放更多的全球變暖污染。根據(jù)句意“加工”可知，此處應(yīng)填名詞processing作主語。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：例如，漢堡包的“碳足跡”包括所有用于生產(chǎn)化肥和抽取灌溉用水來種植喂養(yǎng)奶牛的玉米的化石燃料，也可能包括將林地轉(zhuǎn)化為牧場所產(chǎn)生的排放。根據(jù)句意“生產(chǎn)”可知，動詞produce符合題意，into為介詞，后面需加動名詞producing作賓語。故選F。36題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：NRDC估計，如果所有美國人每周只減少四分之一磅的牛肉，全球溫室氣體排放的減少將相當(dāng)于減少400萬到600萬輛汽車。根據(jù)句意“同等的”可知，應(yīng)填形容詞equivalent作表語。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：像美國農(nóng)業(yè)部有機食品和其他環(huán)保標(biāo)簽給了我們一種在市場上獎勵環(huán)保表現(xiàn)的方式。根據(jù)句意“獎勵”可知，動詞reward符合題意，空處和to構(gòu)成動詞不定式作后置定語修飾名詞way。故選I?！?8題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：包裝和運輸這些被丟棄的食物，幾乎所有的垃圾最終都被送到了垃圾填埋場，在那里分解時會釋放出更多的熱輸送氣體，以甲烷的形式。根據(jù)句意“包裝”可知，動詞package符合題意，空處和transporting并列，需填動名詞作主語。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查固定短語。句意：一頓典型的美國餐包含來自五個國家的食材，即使是美國本土種植的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品在銷售之前也要經(jīng)過平均1500英里的路程。根據(jù)句意“平均是……”可知，固定短語anaverageof符合題意，空處需填average。故選J?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：在當(dāng)?shù)刭徺I可以幫助減少污染和能源消耗，特別是運輸，儲存和冷藏這些食物。根據(jù)句意“特別”可知，應(yīng)填形容詞special。故選K。IsClimateChangeConsumingYourFavoriteFoods?Astheincreasedamountofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere,heatstress,longerdroughts(干旱),andmoreintenserainfallslinkedtoglobalwarmingcontinuetoupsetourdailyweather,weoftenforgettheyalsoimpactthequantity,quality,andgrowing____41____ofourfood.Manyfoodshavealready____42____topspotsontheworld's"endangeredfoods"list,indicatingtheirpossibilitytobecome____43____withinthenext30years.Tostartwithwhatis____44____inmanypeople'sliveswearedisappointedtofindthatcoffeeplantationsinSouthAmerica,Africa,Asia,andHawaiiareallbeingthreatenedbyrisingairtemperaturesandirregularrainfallpatterns,whichinvitediseaseto____45____thecoffeeplantandbeans.Theresult?Significant____46____incoffeeoutput.Andcoffee'sculinary(烹飪的)cousin,cacao(akachocolate),isalsosufferingstressfromglobalwarming'srisingtemperatures.Butforchocolate,itisn'tthewarmerclimatealonethat'stheproblem.Cacaotreesactually____47____warmerclimatesaslongasthatwarmthispairedwithhighhumidityandsufficientrain.____48____,theproblemisthatthehighertemperaturesprojectedfortheworld'sleadingchocolate-producingcountriesarenotexpectedtobe____49____byanincreaseinrainfall.Thereforeashighertemperaturestakemoremoisturefromsoilandplants,it's_____50_____thatrainfallwillincreaseenoughtomakeupforthisloss.Anothernotablynutritiousplant,peanutgrowsbestwhenitgetsfivemonthsofcontinuouswarmweatherand20to40inchesofrain.Anything_____51_____andplantswon'tsurvive.Thatisn'tgoodnewswhenmostclimatemodelsagreethattheclimateofthefuturewillbeoneofthe_____52_____,includingdroughts.Theworldhasalreadycaughtaglimpseofpeanut'sfuturefatewhenlastyearaseriousdroughtacrossthepeanut-growingSoutheasternU.Sledmanyplantstodie.Accordingtoafinancialreport,the_____53_____spells(時期)causedpeanutpricestorisebyasmuchas40percent!Finally,intheworldofsea,asairtemperaturesrise,oceansandwaterwaysabsorbsomeoftheheatandundergowarmingoftheirown.Theresultisthe_____54_____infishpopulation.Warmerwatersalsoencourageviciousmarinebacteria,likeVibrio,togrowandcauseillnessinhumans.?Andthatsatisfying“crack”yougetwheneatingcrabcouldbe_____55_____asshellfishstruggletobuildtheircalciumcarbonate(碳酸鈣)shells,aresultofoceanacidification.41.A.attitudes B.choices C.locations D.resources42.A.contributed B.earned C.featured D.reflected43.A.amazing B.unique C.typical D.scarce44.A.necessary B.luxurious C.practical D.original45.A.defend B.rob C.shock D.infect46.A.increases B.cuts C.changes D.failure47.A.survive B.prefer C.admire D.encounter48.A.Moreover B.Bycontrast C.However D.Therefore49.A.accompanied B.influenced C.blocked D.doubled50.A.unlikely B.irrelevant C.inappropriate D.immeasurable51.A.more B.less C.warmer D.colder52.A.patterns B.depths C.extremes D.ends53.A.rainy B.shiny C.freezing D.dry54.A.revolution B.shrink C.extinction D.evolution55.A.silenced B.heightened C.changed D.minimized【答案】41.C42.B43.D44.A45.D46.B47.B48.C49.A50.A51.B52.C53.D54.B55.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了全球變暖對我們食物的影響。【41題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著大氣中二氧化碳含量的增加，熱壓力，更長時間的干旱，以及與全球變暖有關(guān)的更強降雨繼續(xù)擾亂我們的日常天氣，我們常常忘記它們也影響我們食物的數(shù)量，質(zhì)量和種植地點。A.attitudes態(tài)度；B.choices選擇；C.locations地點；位置；D.resources資源。由上文“theyalsoimpactthequantity,quality,andgrowing”可知，大氣中二氧化碳含量的增加會影響我們的種植地點，故選C?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：許多食物已經(jīng)在世界“瀕危食物”名單上名列前茅，表明它們有可能在未來30年內(nèi)變得稀缺。A.contributed捐贈；B.earned賺得；獲得；C.featured以……為特色；D.reflected反映。由上下文“Manyfoodshavealready____2____topspotsontheworld's"endangeredfoods"list,”可知，許多食物已經(jīng)在世界“瀕危食物”名單上占前幾名，所以此處表示“獲得前幾名”，故選B?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：許多食物已經(jīng)在世界“瀕危食物”名單上名列前茅，表明它們有可能在未來30年內(nèi)變得稀缺。A.amazing驚人的；B.unique獨一無二的；C.typical典型的；D.scarce缺乏的；稀缺的。由上文“Manyfoodshavealready____2____topspotsontheworld's"endangeredfoods"list,”可知，許多食物已經(jīng)在世界“瀕危食物”名單上，所以這表明未來30年內(nèi)糧食會變得稀缺的，故選D?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：讓我們先從許多人的生活必需品說起，我們失望地發(fā)現(xiàn)，南美、非洲和夏威夷的咖啡種植園，都受到氣溫上升和降雨模式不穩(wěn)定的威脅，這些因素會導(dǎo)致疾病感染咖啡樹和咖啡豆。A.necessary必要的；B.luxurious奢侈的；C.practical實用的；D.original起初的。由下文“inmanypeople'slives”(在我們生活中)和下文“coffeeplantations”(咖啡種植園)可知，咖啡是許多人們生活的必需品，故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：讓我們先從許多人的生活必需品說起，我們失望地發(fā)現(xiàn)，南美、非洲和夏威夷的咖啡種植園，都受到氣溫上升和降雨模式不穩(wěn)定的威脅，這些因素會導(dǎo)致疾病傳染咖啡樹和咖啡豆。A.defend防御；B.rob搶劫；C.shock使震驚；D.infect傳染。由上下文“whichinvitediseaseto____5____thecoffeeplantandbeans.”可知，一些疾病會傳染咖啡樹和咖啡豆，故選D。【46題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：大幅削減咖啡產(chǎn)量。A.increases增加；B.cuts削減；C.changes改變；D.failure失敗。由上文“Theresult?”(結(jié)果是什么？)和空處前后“Significant____6____incoffeeoutput”可知，南美、非洲和夏威夷的咖啡種植園，都受到氣溫上升和降雨模式不穩(wěn)定的威脅，這些因素會導(dǎo)致疾病傳染咖啡樹和咖啡豆，結(jié)果會造成咖啡產(chǎn)量削減，故選B?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：可可樹實際上更喜歡溫暖的氣候，只要溫暖的氣候伴隨著高濕度和充足的雨水。A.survive幸存；B.prefer更喜歡；C.admire欽佩；D.encounter偶遇。由下文“aslongasthatwarmthispairedwithhighhumidityandsufficientrain.”可知，可可樹更喜歡溫暖的氣候，故選B。【48題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，問題在于，預(yù)計全球主要巧克力生產(chǎn)國的氣溫上升，而降雨量不會伴隨著增加。A.Moreover此外；而且；B.Bycontrast相比之下；C.However然而；D.Therefore因此。由下文“theproblemisthatthehighertemperaturesprojectedfortheworld'sleadingchocolate-producingcountriesarenotexpectedtobe____9____byanincreaseinrainfall.”可知，此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折，故選C?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，問題在于，預(yù)計全球主要巧克力生產(chǎn)國的氣溫上升，而降雨量不會伴隨著增加。A.accompanied伴隨；陪伴；B.influenced影響；C.blocked阻擋；D.doubled使加倍。由上下文“theproblemisthatthehighertemperaturesprojectedfortheworld'sleadingchocolate-producingcountriesarenotexpectedtobe____9____byanincreaseinrainfall.”可知，全球主要巧克力生產(chǎn)國的氣溫上升，而降雨量不會伴隨著增加。這是主要問題，故選A?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，隨著溫度升高，土壤和植物吸收更多的水分，降雨量不太可能增加到足以彌補這一損失。A.unlikely不可能的；B.irrelevant不相關(guān)的；C.inappropriate不合適的；D.immeasurable不可估量的。由上文“thehighertemperaturesprojectedfortheworld'sleadingchocolate-producingcountriesarenotexpectedtobe____9____byanincreaseinrainfall.”和下文“rainfallwillincreaseenoughtomakeupforthisloss.”可知，全球主要巧克力生產(chǎn)國的氣溫上升，而降雨量不會伴隨著增加，所以靠降雨量增加來彌補這一損失是不太可能的，故選A?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞比較級詞義辨析。句意：少于這個數(shù)量，植物就無法生存。A.more更多的；B.less更少的；C.warmer更暖和的；D.colder更冷的。由上文“Anothernotablynutritiousplant,peanutgrowsbestwhenitgetsfivemonthsofcontinuouswarmweatherand20to40inchesofrain.”(另一種極富營養(yǎng)的植物——花生，在連續(xù)五個月的溫暖天氣和20到40英寸的降雨中生長得最好。)可知，此處以花生為例，說明指物生長需要一定的降雨量，如果少于這個量，植物就無法生存，故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這可不是什么好消息，因為大多數(shù)氣候模型都認(rèn)為未來的氣候?qū)⑹菢O端天氣，其中包括干旱。A.patterns模式；方式；B.depths深度；C.extremes極端；D.ends結(jié)尾。由下文“includingdroughts”可知，此處指極端天氣，故選C。【53題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：根據(jù)一份財務(wù)報告，干旱期導(dǎo)致花生價格上漲了40%！A.rainy有雨的；B.shiny有光澤的；C.freezing極冷的；D.dry干的。由上文“Theworldhasalreadycaughtaglimpseofpeanut'sfuturefatewhenlastyearaseriousdroughtacrossthepeanut-growingSoutheasternU.Sledmanyplantstodie.”(世界已經(jīng)看到了花生的未來命運，去年美國東南部發(fā)生嚴(yán)重干旱，這導(dǎo)致許多花生死亡。)可知，去年美國東南部發(fā)生嚴(yán)重干旱，這導(dǎo)致許多花生死亡，所以可以推出，此處指干旱期導(dǎo)致花生價格上漲，故選D?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：結(jié)果就是魚類數(shù)量的減少。A.revolution革命；B.shrink收縮；縮?。籆.extinction滅絕；D.evolution進(jìn)化。由上文“Finally,intheworldofsea,asairtemperaturesrise,oceansandwaterwaysabsorbsomeoftheheatandundergowarmingoftheirown.”(最后，在海洋的世界里，隨著氣溫上升，海洋和水道吸收了一些熱量，自身也會遭遇變暖。)可知，海水變暖會導(dǎo)致魚類數(shù)量的減少，故選B?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：吃螃蟹時那種令人滿足的“爆裂聲”可能會消失，因為貝類很難形成它們的碳酸鈣殼，這是海洋酸化的結(jié)果。A.silenced使安靜；壓制；B.heightened提高；C.changed改變；D.minimized使減少到最低限度。由下文“asshellfishstruggletobuildtheircalciumcarbonate(碳酸鈣)shells,aresultofoceanacidification”可知，貝類很難形成它們的碳酸鈣殼，這是海洋酸化的結(jié)果，這會造成人們吃螃蟹時不會出現(xiàn)那種令人滿足的“爆裂聲”，故選A。SectionB(30分)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)ItisinterestingwhenyouthinkabouthowJapanisanationthatappreciatesthevirtuesofsilenceandgoodmanners,andyetwhenitcomestoeatingnoodles,Japanesepeoplecanbetheloudestintheworld.Accordingtolifestylewebsitegrapee.jp,slurping(發(fā)出“哧溜”聲)wheneatingnoodlesisencouragedinJapaneseculture.Itisbelievedthattakingairintoyourmouthcanenhanceth