第13講 閱讀理解題型中考必考閱讀技能考點（原卷版）

專題三中考題型語法知語法知識識第13講閱讀理解題型 要點歸納思維導(dǎo)圖解題口訣及母題典例閱讀理解題型高頻考點實用解題口訣高頻考點1：單一細節(jié)題解題口訣：畫定比口訣注釋：畫-------閱讀題干畫關(guān)鍵(數(shù)詞、名詞、動詞；大寫：人名、地名)定—----回文定位找區(qū)間比—----選項比較原文口訣識別閱讀理解題目以6W(What/Who/When/Where/Why/Which)+1H(How)及其變式進行提問時，用此口訣解題。口訣解題典例Awomanwascollectingmoneyforacharity.Themoneyshecollectedwasgoingtobegiventopoorchildrenwhohadnoparentstotakecareofthem.Shewentfromhousetohouse.Sheknockedondoorsandaskedformoney.Whowasthewomancollectingmoneyfor?A.Poorchildren.B.Herself.C.HerfriendsD.Anartist.口訣解題答案解析題干用Who進行提問，滿足6W+1H的細節(jié)題特征，用“畫定比”口訣解題。畫出題干中的關(guān)鍵詞(thewomancollectingmoney),定位到原文的第1句和第2句，對比原文和選項可知，這位女士是為了幫助貧困的孤兒而籌錢，故選A。解題坑點在對比原文和選項過程中，部分細節(jié)題的正確答案是原文原詞、原文原句，但遇到有難度的文章時，細節(jié)題的正確答案可能是原文單詞的近義詞轉(zhuǎn)換或原文改寫，所以在對比過程中要仔細閱讀，仔細比對每一處細節(jié)。母題1（2023·山東菏澤·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Sixteen-year-oldYangShunchengofChinawonintheArtisticSwimmingWorldCupinSomabay,EgyptonSaturday,May13,2023.WiththethemeofTheCelloSongbyThePianoGuys,Yangchallengeadifficultysoreof27.0,higherthanallothersixplayers,andreceived232.5792points.“Ithoughtaboutthevictorybutdidnotthinkmuch.ItwasmyfirstinternationalcompetitionandIwasverynervousbeforetherace.Iwasluckytowinandfeelthetasteofgoldmedals.Iexpectamorechallengingcompetitiontomorrow,”saidYang.FortykilometersnorhofcentralChengdu,theSanxingduisiteisrgrdedasoneofthemostimporantdscveriesofthe20thcentury.VisitorscanseethousandsoftreasuresdatingbacktotheShangDynasty(1600—1046BC)inSanxingduiMuseum.Thisone-dayChengdutournotonlytakesyoutovisitthelovelykingdomofgiantpandas,butalsothemysteriousSanxingduiillizaion.TheprotectedpandasandSanxingdu’srelis(遺跡)arebothconsiderednationaltreasures.YanYanGuShi(SaltandWordsStory),anewapp(應(yīng)用程序)forstorytellerstoshareshortstorieswhichcanbemostlyfinishedin10to20minutes,appearedforthefirsttimeonChina’slargestQ&Aplatform(平臺)ZhihuonMay18,2023.Anexhibition(展覽),whichwasheldinBejingFuninQianmenStreetbetweenMay18and28,showedthepaintedprops(道具)ofsomeofthemostpopularstoriesontheapp,providingvisitorswithanexperiencetoplaytheroles.1．WhogotthegoldmedalintheArtisticSwimmingWorldCupinEgypt?A．YangShuncheng. B．ThePianoGuys. C．Thesixplayers.2．WherecanvisitorsseethousandsoftreasuresdatingbacktotheShangDynasty?A．InSomabay. B．InSanxingduiMuseum. C．Inthekingdomofpandas.3．WhatisYanYanGuShi?A．It’sanewappforstorytelling. B．It’saplatformtosellpaintings. C．It’sanexhibitioninBeijingFun.【答案】1．A2．B3．A【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了三則新聞報道。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Sixteen-year-oldYangShunchengofChinawonintheArtisticSwimmingWorldCupinSomabay,EgyptonSaturday,May13,2023.”可知楊順誠在埃及藝術(shù)游泳世界杯上獲得金牌。故選A。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“VisitorscanseethousandsoftreasuresdatingbacktotheShangDynasty(1600—1046BC)inSanxingduiMuseum.”可知游客可以在三星堆博物館看到數(shù)千件商朝的珍寶。故選B。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“YanYanGuShi(SaltandWordsStory),anewapp(應(yīng)用程序)forstorytellerstoshareshortstories”可知鹽言故事是一款講故事的新應(yīng)用。故選A。高頻考點2：復(fù)雜細節(jié)題解題口訣：四次四辨畫定比×4畫--------每個選項畫關(guān)鍵(數(shù)詞、名詞、動詞；大寫：人名、地名)定--------每個選項回文定位找區(qū)間比--------每個選項比較原文口訣識別題干要求找出四個選項中正確或錯誤的一項時，可利用“畫定比”的方法分析選項，得出正確答案?？谠E解題典例：Youwillswimtherewithoutdangerifyouremembertheseinstructions(指示):*Neverswimalone.*Neverswimafteramealorwhenyoufeelhungryortired.*Donotstayinthewatertoolong.*Nevergooutinaboatifyoucannotswim.Remember:Aredflagmeansthatitisdangerousforanybodytogointothewater.Ablueflagmeansthatitisdangerousforchildren.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.YoucanalwaysswimwhenyouseearedflagB.Youshouldnotswimwithotherpeople.C.YoushouldnotswimafterlunchD.Youcan'tswimforashorttime.口訣解題答案解析根據(jù)題干中的TRUE及口訣可知，A項的alwaysswim與原文"Aredflagmeansthatitisdangerousforanybodytogointothewater."不符，B項在原文中沒有體現(xiàn)，C項的notswimafterlunch與原文Neverswimafterameal同義，D項can'tswimforashorttime與原文“Donotstayinthewatertoolong.”意思相反，故選C。解題坑點1.進行復(fù)雜細節(jié)題的畫定比時，須特別注意錯誤選項的特征：(1)偷換概念：句子部分內(nèi)容和原文重合，但通過關(guān)鍵詞的改變而使得含義大相徑庭。(2)張冠李戴：選項信息在文章中全部涉及，但是主體和信息的匹配做了位置調(diào)換。(3)無中生有：原文無相關(guān)描寫。(4)以偏概全：用部分代替整體。2.復(fù)雜細節(jié)題?？肌叭徽`”,選NOTTRUE的情況，不要選擇正確表述。母題2（2023·山東濟南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）◎◎◎BlogDianaGarcia@dgarciaIt’samini-projectformycourseatcollege.Thankstoallmyfriends(174intotal)whoansweredmyquestionsaboutselfies(自拍).Here’stheresult.SelfiesinNumbersWho’sTakingSelfies?TopSituationsforSelfies30%ataparty/onanightout34%onvacation20%atschool16%infrontofthemirror30%withafriend/agroupoffriends52%aloneChangingSelfiesTopReasonsforSelfiesIhaveusedanapp（應(yīng)用程序）to......changemyhair37%...addglassesorasillymustache32%...addafilter（濾鏡）25%...changemyeyecolor6%1

torememberahappymoment2

becauseyoufeelgood3

becauseyoulookgood4

toshareinformationaboutyourlifeFUNFACT!!PeopletakeTWOselfiesadayonaverage.4．WhatisDiana?A．Acollegestudent.B．Anactress. C．Anewsreporter. D．Adirector.5．HowmanypeopleansweredDiana’squestions?A．36. B．52. C．64. D．174.6．Who’stakingthemostselfies?A．18-year-olds. B．19-year-olds. C．20-year-olds. D．21-year-olds.7．Whichappistheleastpopularforchangingselfies?A．Anappforaddingafilter. B．Anappforaddingglasses.C．Anappforchangingeyecolor. D．Anappforchanginghair.8．Whatareincludedintheresult?①problemsofselfies②whypeopletakeselfies③famouspeople’sselfies④wherepeopletakeselfies⑤howoftenpeopletakeselfiesA．①③⑤ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．②④⑤【答案】4．A5．D6．B7．C8．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，是戴安娜關(guān)于自拍問題的調(diào)研結(jié)果。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“It’samini-projectformycourseatcollege.”可知，戴安娜是一名大學(xué)生，故選A。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thankstoallmyfriends(174intotal)whoansweredmyquestionsaboutselfies(自拍).”可知，一共有174人回答了戴安娜關(guān)于自拍的問題，故選D。6．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Age”下面的圖片顯示可知，19歲的人最愛自拍，故選B。7．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Ihaveusedanapp（應(yīng)用程序）to...”下面的“changemyeyecolor6%”可知，“changemyeyecolor”最不受歡迎，故選C。8．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TopReasonsforSelfies”、“TopSituationsforSelfies”和“PeopletakeTWOselfiesadayonaverage.”可知，文章提到了自拍的原因、地點和頻率，故選D。高頻考點3：代詞指代解題口訣：替身法代詞指代找名詞，原詞通常在前方；看單復(fù)，辨人稱，所有格，找就近?？谠E識別閱讀題目中需要對代詞所指代的內(nèi)容進行分辨，需要確認所指代的對象是什么/誰時，用此口訣解題?？谠E解題典例：Thenextday,Mrs.Greengavetheclassatest.Emmadidwell.Mrs.Greengaveherasmilefacesticker(貼紙).ButEmmadidn'tputitonherpaper.Sheputthestickeronherlunchbox.Theunderlinedword"it"inthisparagraphrefersto__________.A.thelunchboxB.thestickerC.thetestD.thework口訣解題答案解析根據(jù)文中"Emmadidwell.Mrs.Greengaveherasmilefacesticker."可知，it指代asmilefacesticker,故選B。解題坑點多個名詞出現(xiàn)時，要注意具體指代對象是誰，并用單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)和人稱去驗證。母題32021·山東·?？级＃〢fewyearsagoIwentthroughsuchaseriousdepression(抑郁癥)thatlifedidn’tseemworthliving.ItwaslikethatIwaslivinginthecoldwinterallthetime.ThenIsawsnowdrops(雪花蓮)pushingthroughthecoldandhardground.IlookedatthemeverydayuntilIfeltthatiftheycouldcomebacktolife,thensocouldI.(1)Thosegreenplantsgavemehopeinaspecialway.Asspringcame,Istartedtoputinmoreandmoreplants,untilthegardenwasfullofcolours.Lifewasgrowingthroughmyhands,gentleandpeaceful.IfIgavelove,itwasreturned,ahundredfold(百倍的).Icouldspendhourslostingardening.TheformofdepressionIhaveisbiological(遺傳的).(2)Ithasinfluencedmanyofmyfamilywithnoreasonandnorules.IcanbedepressedwhenthesunisshiningorIamsurroundedbyagroupoflovingfriends.Ofcourse,freshairandexercisehelptoreducedepression,butformegardeningismorethanthat.Itstandsfortreatmentaswellashope.Atthecentreofthefirstgarden,Iplantedatreebymyself.Itishugeandmagnificent(茂盛的)now.Itstandsthelowtemperaturesandstrongwinds.Theleavesdropsinautumnbutthetreealways,always(3)________tolifeinspring.AndsoIlearnthatwemayfall,wemayhurt,wemaybetested,butthereisalwayshope.30．將文中劃線句子翻譯成漢語。31．Whatdoestheunderlindeword“it”referto?(文中劃線單詞It指代什么)32．在空白處填寫一個恰當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z，使句意完整。（從文章中找出）33．Whatdoesgardeningmeanforthewriter?(根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題)34．Pleasegiveabesttitletothepassage.(從文中找出本文最好的標題寫出來)【答案】30．那些綠色的植物以一種特殊的方式給我希望。31．(Theformof)depression.32．comesback33．Itmeans/standsfortreatmentaswellashope.34．ThereIsAlwaysHope【分析】文章大意：本文主要講了多年前作者患有嚴重的抑郁癥，有一天看到一題綠芽從堅硬的土里長了出來，作者深受觸動，并且走出抑郁的故事。30．Thosegreenplants那些綠色的植物；gavemehope給我希望；inaspecialway以一種特殊的方式。故填“那些綠色的植物以一種特殊的方式給我希望?！?1．根據(jù)上文“TheformofdepressionIhaveisbiological.Ithasinfluencedmanyofmyfamilywithnoreasonandnorules.”可知此處It指代上文提到的“Theformofdepression”，故填(Theformof)depression.32．根據(jù)第一段中的信息“IlookedatthemeverydayuntilIfeltthatiftheycouldcomebacktolife”結(jié)合本句“Theleavesdropsinautumnbutthetreealways,always…tolifeinspring.”可知是秋天樹葉掉落，但樹總是在春天復(fù)活。因此此處應(yīng)填comeback，這里的主語thetree是第三人稱單數(shù)形式，句子時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，因此come也要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填comesback。33．根據(jù)“Itstandsfortreatmentaswellashope.”可知它代表著治療和希望，故填I(lǐng)tmeans/standsfortreatmentaswellashope.34．根據(jù)文中的信息“AndsoIlearnthatwemayfall,wemayhurt,wemaybetested,butthereisalwayshope.”結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知本文主要講了多年前作者患有嚴重的抑郁癥，有一天看到一題綠芽從堅硬的土里長了出來，作者深受觸動，并且走出抑郁的故事。標題可用“ThereIsAlwaysHope”。故填ThereIsAlwaysHope。高頻考點4：詞義猜測題解題口訣：剝洋蔥法猜詞題一看單詞構(gòu)成；二看解釋舉例；三看同義反義；四看因果關(guān)系。口訣識別當(dāng)題干為Theunderlinedword"x××”inthepassageprobablymeans“____";Whatdoestheunderlinedword"×××"probablymean?等表述時，用此口訣解題?？谠E解題典例：Doyouhaveanyfriendsfromothercountries?Doyouknowwhattheyarelike?TheGermans(德國人)areveryquietandtheydon'tgetexcitedeasily.Theydon'twanttosaymorewords.Theylookserious(嚴肅的),buttheyreallyknowhowtohavefun.Theyworkhardandliketidiness.MostGermanwomenliketokeeptheirhousesclean.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"tidiness"meaninChinese?A.整潔B.安靜C.時尚D.隨意口訣解題答案解析根據(jù)口訣“三看同義反義”,后文“l(fā)iketokeeptheirhousesclean”正好與“l(fā)iketidiness”相對應(yīng)(同義),故選A。解題坑點部分猜詞題選項會設(shè)置成所猜詞的一詞多義，此時需要選擇文中意思。母題4（2020·廣西賀州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Fouryearsago,mymothergavebirthtoabrotherformewhenIwas10.Ihavelearnedalotfromgettingalongwithhim.Afterhewasborn,Ialmostbecameababysitter.Ihadtoamusehimafterschool.Iwouldmakefacesandsingtohimwhenhewascrying.SometimesIevencarriedhimeverywhereinouryardtocheerhimupwhilemyparentswerebusy.WhatIlikedtodobestwastofeedhimwhenlookingafterhim.Howcutehewasashetastedhisfavoritefood!Myparentsoftenpraisedmehappily.Asanelderbrother,you'vemadecontributionstolookingafteryouryoungerbrother.Ihavegothappinessfromlookingaftermybrother.WhenIwasyoung,Iwastheonlychildinmyfamily.IcouldgetwhatIwantedfrommyparents.Iwasa"LittleEmperor"inmyfamily.Butnow,aslongasIgetsomethinggood,Iwanttogiveittomybrotherfirst.Irememberedtheyearwhenhewasthree,hewasfondofRubikcubes(魔方).Iboughtoneforhimwithmyluckymoneyasabirthdaypresent.Whenhegotit,hewassohappythathelaughed,huggedmeandkissedme.Thanksforspendingtheseyearstogetherwithmyfamily.Ithastaughtmehowtoberesponsibleandunselfish.NotonlyshouldIlookaftermyself,butalsoIshouldpayattentiontomyfamily.9．Whendidthewriter’smothergavebirthtoabrotherforhim?A．3yearsago. B．4yearsago. C．8yearsago. D．10yearsago.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"amuse"inthesecondparagraphmean?A．令……開心 B．令……生氣 C．令……討厭 D．開……玩笑11．WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEwhenlookingafterhisyoungerbrother?A．Hefedhim. B．Hetoldstoriestohim.C．Hemadefacesandsangtohim. D．Hecarriedhimeverywhereintheyard.12．Whatmightyoulearnthepassage?A．Beresponsible. B．Beunselfish.C．Beresponsibleandconfident. D．Beresponsibleandunselfish.【答案】9．B10．A11．B12．D【分析】本文主要講述了作者照看自己弟弟的故事。作者在十歲有了弟弟之后，悉心照顧弟弟，從中教會了作者什么是責(zé)任，什么是無私。9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一句“Fouryearsago,mymothergavebirthtoabrotherformewhenIwas10.”可知，作者在四年前有了自己的弟弟。故選B。10．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)下一句“Iwouldmakefacesandsingtohimwhenhewascrying.”可知，作者給弟弟做鬼臉、唱歌的目的是為了讓弟弟開心，所以amuse意為“使開心”。故選A。11．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Iwouldmakefacesandsingtohimwhenhewascrying.SometimesIevencarriedhimeverywhereinouryardtocheerhimupwhilemyparentswerebusy.WhatIlikedtodobestwastofeedhimwhenlookingafterhim.”可知在照看弟弟時，作者會做鬼臉、唱歌，帶弟弟到院子里的任何地方以及喂他，所以選項A、C和D說法正確，本小題要求選擇說法不正確的選項。故選B。12．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段開頭兩句“Thanksforspendingtheseyearstogetherwithmyfamily.Ithastaughtmehowtoberesponsibleandunselfish.”可知在與家人相處的歲月中，作者學(xué)會了如何負責(zé)和無私。故選D。高頻考點5：文章出處題解題口訣：落葉歸根法正向匹配話題，反向排除驗證(想象自己若是作者，會包含什么要素)?？谠E識別如果遇到如下出題方式，可以使用本口訣。Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom.Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?Wherewouldyouprobablyreadthispassage?Thepassageismostlikelyapartof.口訣解題典例：AI(人工智能)makesourliveseasierandbetter.Let'sseetheamazingAI.CooldriverlessbusAbusdooropensandyougeton..YourclosefriendHi,everyone.I'mXiaoice,achatbot(聊天機器人).World'sfirstAIanchor(主播)Hey,look!ThefamousChineseanchorQiuHaoisreportingthenewsforus.PopularAIartistThisbeautifulpaintingwasatanauction(拍賣)in2022...WecanprobablyseethepassageinA.anewspaperB.anoticeC.anovelD.aguidebook口訣解題答案解析根據(jù)文中“AI、聊天機器人、主播、拍賣”等新聞詞匯可知，我們可能在報紙上看到這篇文章，故選A。解題坑點常見出處類型和特點如下，學(xué)生需要通過進行匹配和排除答題。1.newspaper/website/magazine:事件日期/地點、人物事件、名人故事、體育賽事等。2.advertisement/ad:格式特殊，介紹價格、折扣、營業(yè)時間等。3.researchpaper:介紹科學(xué)知識、新型科技等，含有experiment、research、study、scientist、technology等詞。4.travel/touristguide:介紹某地或行程等。母題5（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Thenosehelpsusalot.Ittellsuswhendinnerisalmostreadyandleadsthewaytosweetcakes.Italsotellsustokeepawayfrombadsmells.Butdoyouknowtheinterestingfactsaboutsomethingthatsmellsbad?FishYoumighthavenoticedthatfishsmellunpleasantsometimes.Fishfromtheoceansmellthestrongest.Thesesaltwaterfishhaveachemical(化學(xué)物質(zhì))calledTMAO.Whilewepreparefishforcooking,TMAOisalreadychangingintootherthings.OneiscalledTMA．Itsmellssupersmelly.Usually,beforecooksmakesaltwaterfishadish,theywashfish.AndmostoftheTMAcanbewashedaway.Cooksalsoaddlemontomakethefishlesssmelly.FeetFootsweat(腳汗)itselfdoesnothaveabadsmellatfirst.Butithasfoodandwaterthatthebacteria(細菌)need.Withthem,thebacteriagiveoffsomesmell.Mostshoesoftenkeepsweatinthem.Thatmakesshoesandsockswarmandwet—aplacewherebacteriacangrow.Differenttypesofbacteriagiveoffdifferentsmells.That’swhyfeetmaysmelllikebadvegetables,smellyeggsorothersmellythings.EggsManythingssmellterriblewhentheygobad.Butabadegggivesoffthemostfamousbadsmellofallanddrawspeople’sattention.Whenanegggoesbad,thebacteriahelptochangethesulfur(硫)initswhitepartintosulfurandhydrogen(硫化氫).Anditsmellsreallybad.Thenosejustwarnsusawayfromitbecausetoomuchsulfurandhydrogenwillharmourhealth.13．Howdoesthewritertellreadersthatsomethingsmellsbadinthepassage?A．Byshowingforms. B．Bylistingnumbers.C．Bydrawingpictures. D．Bygivingexamples.14．Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?A．Differentbacteriaproducethesamesmell.B．Asmellyegggivesoffsulfurandhydrogen.C．Dryshoesandsockscanhelpbacteriagrow.D．Lemonincreasesthebadsmellofsaltwaterfish.15．Whichpartofamagazineisthepassagemostprobablytakenfrom?A．WordHistory. B．CookingTips. C．TravelGuide. D．FunFacts.【答案】13．D14．B15．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一些關(guān)于聞起來很難聞的東西的有趣事實。13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Butdoyouknowtheinterestingfactsaboutsomethingthatsmellsbad?”可知，文章第一段介紹本文主題，一些聞起來很難聞的東西的有趣事實，接下來作者列舉了魚、腳以及變質(zhì)的雞蛋的味道，故作者通過舉例子的方式介紹文章內(nèi)容。故選D。14．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whenanegggoesbad,thebacteriahelptochangethesulfur(硫)initswhitepartintosulfurandhydrogen(硫化氫).”可知，臭雞蛋會釋放出硫和氫。故選B。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Butdoyouknowtheinterestingfactsaboutsomethingthatsmellsbad?”及全文可知，本文介紹了一些關(guān)于聞起來很難聞的東西的有趣事實，故文章可能來源于“FunFacts”版塊。故選D。高頻考點6：推斷題解題口訣：一步推理一步推理法+排除法一步推理：回文定位，立足原文，只推一步；排除法：排除過度推理和無推理的選項?？谠E識別通常出現(xiàn)以下題干時，用此口訣解題。Whatcanweinferfromtheunderlinedsentence?Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?Fromthelastparagraph,wecaninferthat.AccordingtoParagraph3,wecaninferthat.口訣解題典例：TherewasanEnglishteacherinfifthgradewhocouldmagicallytakeustodifferentworldseverydaybytellingusstoriesandreadingtousfrombookswewouldotherwiseneverpickup.Thiswasoursecretandfuntimebecausefifthgraderswereconsideredtoooldtohavestoriesreadouttothem.WecaninferfromthisparagraphthatthestoriesA.weretoldinamagicwayB.werewrittenbytheteacherC.includedsomestudents'secretsD.leftthestudentswithhappymemories口訣解題答案解析根據(jù)文中"Thiswasoursecretandfuntime"可推斷出，這些故事給學(xué)生們留下了美好的回憶，故選D。解題坑點注意選項無推理時，是錯誤的，但選項中出現(xiàn)“三錯和一原文”的情況時，只能選“一原文"。母題6（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）KatiewaswaitingforGulliver’scalls.Instead,shejustheardsparrowsmakingnoiseinthebushes.“MaybeGullivermissedtheharbour.”Dadsaid.Afterbreakfast,Katietookhercameratotheharbour.Allthecolourfulboatsmadeprettypictures,butnottheoneshewantedmost.KatiewavedtoErnest,heruncle’sneighbour,ontheboathouse.Thegull’sname,Gulliver,wasgivenbyhim.Thegull’ssizeandhissinglelegmadethebirditselfdifferent.ButErnesttoldKatiewhatGulliverdidthatfirstsummerKatieandherdadcamecaughteveryone’sattention.YoungKatielayinherstroller(嬰兒車)onthefloatingdock(碼頭)whenUncleRalphandDadwererepairingboatsnearby.ThewavesfromthepassingboatmadeKatie’sstrollershakestrongly.“Kee-aah!Kee-aah!”Gullivermadetheloudestcry.DadandunclerushedtoKatieandstoppedthestrollerfromfallingintothewater.TheykeptacloseeyeatKatieafterthat.AnothersummerKatiewasthreeyearsold,shelikedtotoucheverything.ButDaddidn’twatchhereveryminutewhenshetriedtocatchsmallducksaroundorfishfromwater.“Kee-aah!Kee-aah!”Thegull’scrybroughtDadbackintime.HestoppedKatieasshetriedtofollowthesmallducksrunningtowardswater.Severalsummerspassed,andGullivercontinuedtocalloutasKatietriednewthings.ThissummerKatiedidtheusualby-the-seathingsshe’dlearnedtodo.Oneday,sherowedaboatoutbutwastrappedonarockbyastorm.Asshelookedupandtriedtocatchthelastwarmthofthesunshinethroughdarkclouds,shesawasinglewhitefeather.Agullfeather?Shesearchedtheskyforananswer.Puttingherarmsaroundknees,sheclosedeyestoholdinthetears(眼淚).“Kee-aah!Kee-aah!”Katiesatup.“Katie!Katie!”Soon,DadandUncleRalphappeared.“Howlucky!WeheardGulliveraswecamearoundtherocks,”UncleRalphsaid,“Atleast…itsoundedlikehim.Strange,hewasnowhereinsight.”Katierememberedthefeather.“IthoughtIheardhim,too.”—AdaptedfromthestorybyGillianRichardson16．Katietookacameratotheharbourinordertotakeapictureof________.A．Gulliver B．Ernest C．sparrows D．boats17．What’stherightorderofthefollowingeventsaboutKatie?①Shewastrappedonarockbyastorm.②Shelayinherstrolleronthefloatingdock.③Shefollowedthesmallducksrunningtowardswater.A．①②③ B．①③② C．②③① D．②①③18．WhichofthefollowingcanshowthechangeofKatie’sfeelingsinParagraph3?A．sad—peaceful—excited B．sad—excited—nervousC．helpless—hopeful—thankful D．helpless—thankful—nervous19．What’sthebesttitleforthestory?A．KatieandGulliver B．Katie’sHolidaysC．KatieandDad D．Katie’sTears【答案】16．A17．C18．C19．A【導(dǎo)語】本文根據(jù)GillianRichardson所寫的故事改編，主要講述了女孩Katie和海鷗Gulliver的故事。16．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“KatiewaswaitingforGulliver’scalls.”可知，Katie想拍Gulliver。故選A。17．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“YoungKatielayinherstroller(嬰兒車)onthefloatingdock(碼頭)whenUncleRalphandDadwererepairingboatsnearby.”可知，她躺在浮動船塢上的嬰兒車里，因此②排在第一位；根據(jù)“HestoppedKatieasshetriedtofollowthesmallducksrunningtowardswater.”可知，她跟著小鴨子朝水邊跑去，因此③排在第二位；根據(jù)“Oneday,sherowedaboatoutbutwastrappedonarockbyastorm.”可知，她被暴風(fēng)雨困在巖石上，因此①排在第一位。故選C。18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Oneday,sherowedaboatoutbutwastrappedonarockbyastorm.”可推知，她被暴風(fēng)雨困在巖石上應(yīng)該是無助的；根據(jù)“shesawasinglewhitefeather.Agullfeather?Shesearchedtheskyforananswer.”可推知，當(dāng)看到白色羽毛時，她應(yīng)該是滿懷希望的；根據(jù)“Soon,DadandUncleRalphappeared.”可知，爸爸和叔叔找到了她應(yīng)該是感激的。故選C。19．最佳標題題。通讀全文可知，主要講述了女孩Katie和海鷗Gulliver的故事。故選項A“Katie和Gulliver”適合作為本文的標題。故選A。高頻考點7：段落大意題解題口訣：見首也見尾段落首尾句，關(guān)注高頻詞：若遇轉(zhuǎn)折詞，主旨其后出?？谠E識別閱讀理解題中需要對段落大意進行總結(jié)時，用此口訣解題?？谠E解題典例Today,manyhospitalsletinspeciallytraineddogstobringloveandcheertopatientsShayneisatherapy(治療)dog.Shevisitschildrenwhoareinhospital.DogslikeShaynehelppatientsfeelcalm.Theyhelppeoplestaystrongduringthelonghospitalstay.Withthehelpofthedogs,thepatientscangetbettermorequickly.Whatisthemainideaofthisparagraph?A.Hospitalsneedmanyspecialdogs.B.Dogscanhelppatientsgetbetter.C.Patientsneedloveinthehospital.D.Doctorsaretoobusytoseepatients口訣解題答案解析根據(jù)段尾句“Withthehelpofthedogs,thepatientscangetbettermorequickly.”可知，本段主旨是"狗可以幫助患者康復(fù)",故選B。解題坑點1.要注意段落大意題的正確選項可能是同義改寫，而非原文原句。2.如果段首段尾沒有主旨句，則需要對段落內(nèi)容進行歸納與整合。母題7（2023·山東濟南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Warmingtemperaturesandshorterwintersmightsoundliketheendofsnowdays.However,risingtemperaturesmayactuallycausesnowstormstodumpmoresnow,saysDavidRobinson.HeisaprofessoratauniversityinNewJersey.Hestudiesclimate(氣候)change.TemperaturechangeisoneofthegreatestinEarth’sclimatechangeoveralongperiodoftime.Itcanhappennaturallyorbecauseofhumanactivities,suchasburninggasandcoal.Burningthesefuelsproducescarbondioxide(二氧化碳)andotherpollutantsintotheatmosphere,whichholdheatintheatmosphere,leadingtowarmerglobaltemperaturesovertime.Buthowcouldwarmertemperaturesleadtomoresnow?Togetsnow,youneedmoisture(水汽)andfreezingtemperatures(0℃orless),saysRobinson.Withoutmoistureintheair,thereisnoprecipitation(rainorsnow).Robinsonsaystherearesignsthatsnowstormsarebecomingstronger.Thisisbecauseofthisconnectionbetweenmoistureandprecipitation.“Thewarmertheairbecomes,themoremoistureitholds.So,ifit’swarmingandstillcoldenoughtosnow,youcangetmoresnow,”Robinsonsays.Ofthe10biggestsnowfallsinD．C．region,fivehappenedinthepast25years,accordingtotheNWS.Duringthatsametimeperiod,averagewintertemperaturesinD．C．increased.In1996,theaveragewintertemperaturewas1.8℃.In2020,itwas6℃.Weatherexpertssuggestthatrisingtemperaturesmaymakewintershorterandlesscold.Butfornow,thesnowisstillfalling.Oneday,wintermightnothaveanydaysbelowthefreezingtemperature.Oncetemperaturesstayabovefreezing,snowstormsbecomerain.Untilthen,wemightcontinuetoseestrongstorms.AccordingtoRobinson,thattimecouldcomesoonerthanwethink.Hesays,“Whenwelookback,yearsfromnow,wemayseethatthiswasthebreakingpoint.”20．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．HowEarth’sclimatechanges. B．Whatcausesrisingtemperatures.C．Whatproducescarbondioxide. D．Howpollutioninfluencesclimate.21．Whatwillthewarmingtemperaturescauseaccordingtothetext?A．Lesscoal. B．Drierweather.C．Longerwinters. D．Strongersnowstorms.22．Whatisthepurposeofparagraph5?A．TointroduceD．C．B．Toreportthebiggest10snowstorms.C．TosupportRobinson’sideas.D．Toshowtheincreaseoftemperatures.23．WhatdoesRobinsonthinkofthefuturewarmingtemperatures?A．Impossible. B．Serious. C．Meaningless. D．Amazing.24．Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A．Asciencemagazine. B．Astorybook.C．Asciencefiction. D．Atravelguide.【答案】20．B21．D22．C23．B24．A【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講了溫度上升與更多的暴風(fēng)雪是否有關(guān)系的問題。20．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Burningthesefuelsproducescarbondioxide(二氧化碳)andotherpollutantsintotheatmosphere,whichholdheatintheatmosphere,leadingtowarmerglobaltemperaturesovertime.”可知，第二段主要介紹了導(dǎo)致氣溫上升的原因。故選B。21．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Robinsonsaystherearesignsthatsnowstormsarebecomingstronger.Thisisbecauseofthisconnectionbetweenmoistureandprecipitation.”可知，變暖的溫度會導(dǎo)致更強的暴風(fēng)雪。故選D。22．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Ofthe10biggestsnowfallsinD.C.region,fivehappenedinthepast25years,…averagewintertemperaturesinD.C.increased.In1996,theaveragewintertemperaturewas1.8℃.In2020,itwas6℃.”可推知，作者在第五段通過陳述華盛頓地區(qū)的事實，進一步印證了Robinson的觀點。故選C。23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Oneday,wintermightnothaveanydaysbelowthefreezingtemperature.”以及“AccordingtoRobinson,thattimecouldcomesoonerthanwethink.”可推知，Robinson認為未來全球變暖，氣溫升高會很嚴重。故選B。24．推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講了溫度上升與更多的暴風(fēng)雪是否有關(guān)系的問題。故可推知，文章可能來源于一本科學(xué)雜志。故選A。高頻考點8：主旨標題題解題口訣：首尾高頻轉(zhuǎn)折法開頭結(jié)尾高頻詞，轉(zhuǎn)折之后現(xiàn)主旨?？谠E識別當(dāng)閱讀題目中出現(xiàn)mainidea/title/topic等詞時，則考查主旨標題，可以使用此口訣?？谠E解題典例：Homeworkisyourteachers'wayofevaluating(評估)howmuchstudentsunderstandthelessonsinclass.Asastudent,youalwayshavetoomuchhomework,butyouhavetofinishit.Hereareafewtipstomakehomeworkless.★Makeahomeworkplan.First,writethetaskdowninyournotebook.Ifyouforgetit,pleaseasktheteachersagain.Second,useanyextratimeinschooltoworkonyourhomework.★Watchwhereyouwork.Findatableathomewhichdoesn'tneedtobeverylarge,justbigenoughtoputyourschoolthingsonit.You'dbetternotdoitbeforeacomputeroronyourcomfortablebed.It'shardforyoutoconcentrateon(集中精力于)yourhomework.★Gettowork.Whenyoustartyourhomeworkathome,dothehardestproblemsfirst.Later,whenyoufeeltired,youcandothesimpleones.Don'tspendtoomuchtimeonadifficultproblem.Youcanaskanadultoranelderfamilymemberforhelp,orcalloremailaclassmateforadvice★Havearest.Havinga15-minuteresteveryhourisgoodforyou.Afteryoufinishyourhomework,checkitover.Besuretoputitsafelyawayinyourbackpack.Nowyou'refreetoplayoutside.What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?A.WheretoDoYourHomeworkB.TheImportanceofHomeworkC.TheTeachersandYourHomeworkD.HowtoMakeYourHomeworkLess口訣解題答案解析本題文章含有多個小標題，此時主旨句通常位于首段最后一到兩句話，所以直接定位到首段最后一句話"Hereareafewtipstomakehomeworkless."。這句話和D選項表達最相似，故選D。解題坑點主旨題解題過程中，一定要根據(jù)不同的文體使用不同的方法。若是含有多個小標題的文章，適合使用首尾法。若是文章首尾段沒有總結(jié)類句子，則使用高頻詞法，或者轉(zhuǎn)折詞法。一定要具體情況，具體分析，所選句子不可“以偏概全”。母題8（2020·四川廣安·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Therearequiteafewadvantagesofwearingschooluniforms(校服).Theideamayseemdisagreeableatfirst,butthinkingallthegoodresultsofwearinguniforms,youwouldbemorelikelytoenjoythem.Tea