1.4讀后續(xù)寫-備考2020年山東新高考英語題型變化解讀

1.4讀后續(xù)寫備考2020年山東新高考英語題型變化解讀2019年11月30日—12月3日，山東省組織了全省統(tǒng)一的新高考模擬考試。這是山東省進入新課改后，首次舉行的全省考生參加的大型考試。在這次考試中，題型發(fā)生了巨大的變化，據(jù)說，這次考試的命題是在教育部考試中心的指導下命制的，這對于2020年高考的變化或透露著某種程度的暗示也未可知。【題型解讀

讀后續(xù)寫】1.題型介紹◆選材特點（1）所需閱讀的短文詞數(shù)在350以內；（2）多以記敘文故事類文章或者夾敘夾議類文章為主，故事情節(jié)有曲折、有起伏，但是，故事線索的邏輯性比較強?！粼u分參考閱卷時主要考慮以下內容：（1）與所給短文及段落開頭語的銜接程度；（2）內容的豐富性和對所給關鍵詞語的覆蓋情況；（3）應用語法結構和詞匯的豐富性和準確性；（4）上下文的連貫性。注意：（1）所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應為150左右（詞數(shù)少于130的，從總分中減去2分）；（2）應使用5個以上短文中標有下劃線的關鍵詞語；（3）續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好；（4）續(xù)寫完成后，請用下劃線標出你所使用的關鍵詞語。2.考查能力讀后續(xù)寫是一種將閱讀與寫作緊密結合的考查形式，旨在考查學生的綜合語言運用能力。與應用文不同，故事續(xù)寫除了要求學生掌握豐富的詞匯和句式外，還注重學生的內容構思和情節(jié)銜接的能力。主要聚焦在以下四個方面：一是把握短文關鍵信息和語言特點的能力。學生需要了解給定短文的主要內容，清楚其關鍵詞和語言結構的使用情況，并通過續(xù)寫短文表現(xiàn)出來。二是語言運用的準確性和豐富性。期望學生在詞匯和語言結構的使用方面準確、恰當，能夠根據(jù)內容需要使用較為高級的詞匯和語言結構，閱卷老師會感覺這個學生很有水平。三是對語篇結構的把控能力?？疾閷W生對上下文邏輯關系的掌握情況，希望學生續(xù)寫的短文語句連貫、有序。四是創(chuàng)造性思維能力。這是對學生續(xù)寫短文內容得要求，期望學生續(xù)寫的短文具有較豐富的內容。該試題具有一定的開放性，要求學生詳細和生動地描述情景、態(tài)度和感情，符合課程標準的要求和學生的能力水平3．續(xù)寫特點讀后續(xù)寫，簡言之，就是閱讀完一篇還未寫完的文章之后，根據(jù)要求和提示把這篇文章未寫完部分補充完整，使之渾然一體。它一方面很好地考查考生對所學語言知識的實際運用能力，而另一方面，它也培養(yǎng)學生的發(fā)散思維能力。根據(jù)《考試說明》該部分的規(guī)定，考生在續(xù)寫文章時，要注意續(xù)寫部分＂與所給短文及段落開頭語的銜接程度＂，＂內容的豐富性和對所標出關鍵詞語的應用情況＂，＂應用語法結構和詞匯的豐富性和準確性＂以及＂上下文的連貫性＂。根據(jù)這些規(guī)定，我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)讀后續(xù)寫有如下特點：（1）讀后續(xù)寫不是隨心所欲，是要在引導語（開頭語）和提示詞的幫助下完成續(xù)寫部分。如《考試說明》樣題中規(guī)定＂應使用5個以上短文中標有下劃線的關鍵詞語（10處）＂。這些關鍵詞語類似于傳統(tǒng)寫作中的要點提示，如人物、地點、事件，但是不同點在于這些關鍵詞語并不是全用。這樣考生可根據(jù)自己的理解有很大的自主權。另外，所續(xù)寫部分不能脫離各自段落的首句開頭語，即：不能另起爐灶。這些開頭語與傳統(tǒng)寫作中的開頭語類似，在某種程度上引導你的思路向哪方面發(fā)展。（2）續(xù)寫短文多以記敘文故事類文章或者夾敘夾議類文章為主，故事情節(jié)有曲折、有起伏，但是，故事線索的邏輯性比較強。這樣考生能夠根據(jù)提示詞語，順著原來文章的思路續(xù)寫文章，并適當發(fā)散。（3）讀后續(xù)寫要求讀寫并重。與閱讀理解題一樣，讀后續(xù)寫同樣需要對本篇文章精確理解，這樣所續(xù)寫部分才不至于偏離主題，就這方面而言有點類似閱讀理解題中對文章后續(xù)發(fā)展的推斷，如＂Whatwouldhappennext?＂。（4）所給文章的未完部分的思路和內容并不一定是唯一的，考生可以根據(jù)自己對文章的理解，從而對文章的結尾有不同的詮釋。如《考試說明》中讀后續(xù)寫的樣題的結尾，考生可以理解為這個年輕人是銀行搶劫者，而Arthur因此成為一個大英雄；考生也可以理解為這個年輕人不是一個銀行搶劫者，結果產生了誤會?！緲宇}展示】【山東省2020年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試(模擬卷)】閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。續(xù)寫的詞數(shù)應為150左右。Thoughitisoneofthefadedmemoriesofmylifetoday,therearetimeswhenIrememberhisfaceclearly,especiallyhiseyes.AshehadyellowspotsonhiseyeswecalledhimSpotty.Hewouldhavebeenastray(流浪)dog,untilhecametome.Iwassevenyearsold.MydadhadjustgotanewjobinNasik.Wehadmovedintoarentedhouse.Itwasrainingveryheavilyonthedaywemoved.Itwasacolddarknight.Wehadourmealandwenttosleep.SomehowinthemidnightIheardsomestrangesoundsoutsidethemaindoor.IgatheredcourageandlookedoutthroughthewindowandIwasreallyamusedwithwhatIsawoutside.Therewasasmallpuppylyingonanolddoormatwhichmymotherhadputoutsidethedoor.Itwaswetandtrembling.Atfirstitwasdifficulttoseetheliteone.Itwastheyellowspotsonitseyesthatmademerealizeitspresence.ItwastryingtogetunderthedoormattoavoidthecoldairoutsideandithadmanagedtogetinasIcouldseeonlyitsheadoutsidethedoormat.Wasitsickorinjured?Ifeltpityforthepoorsoul.1wentinandcameoutwithanoldtowel.Iwentneartheinnocentoneandhelditinmyhandandwipedthepuppytillhehadbecomedry.Itookhimintomyroomandmadeabedforhimwithawoolenblanketandasmallpillow.Heseemedveryhealthyandcomfortableinhisnewbedashewenttosleepimmediately.Thenextmorning,everyoneinthefamilycametoknowabouttheunusualguest“Shallwekeephimwithus?"Iquestionedmymom.Likeanyotherparentswould,myparentsfirsttallyrefusedmyideabutmysisterandIconvincedthemtokeepSpotty.SlowlySpottygotonwitheveryoneandbecameoneofthefamilymembers.Para.1：Oneday,Spottyreturnedfromhisdailywalkwithabrokenleg.Para.2:Almostayearlater,onemidnightweheardSpottybarkingbreathlessly.【范文】DayspassedonandoneeveningwhenSpottyreturnedfromhislongwalk,heappearedveryexhausted.Hecametomyroomandsatnearme.ItwasthenthatIsawhishindlegwasinjuredandwasbleeding.Icalledoutmymotherandshequicklytiedabandagearoundhislegandgavehimfoodtoeat.Iwasveryupset.Butthenextday,Spottywasuptohisusualpranksthoughhelimpedabit.AfterthisincidentmyrelationwithSpottybecamemoreintense.Ireallyadmiredhimalotforhiscourage.Almostayearlater,onemidnightweheardSpottybarkingbreathlessly.Wecameoutandsawthathewasbarkingcontinuouslyheadingsomewhere.AftersometimeSpottybecamequiet.Ipattedhimonhisbackandcameinside.Thenextdaymorning,myheartskippedabeatwhenIdidn’tseeSpotty.Isearchedforhimineachandeverycornerbuthewasnowhere.Andthistimehehadgoneandwouldnevercomeback.Icriedandwaitedforhim.Wewaitedforonelongweek.Buttherewerenosignsofhim.ThenonedaymyDadgottransferredtoMumbai.WeshiftedbacktoMumbai.WhatwouldhavehappenedtoSpotty?Wouldhehavedied?Theseweretheonlyquestionsinmymind,buttheyallremainedunansweredforever.【解題技巧】續(xù)寫步驟（1）精讀文章，確定文章線索。每篇文章都有各自獨特的寫作思路，通過精讀文章，找到該篇文章的寫作線索，如是以時間為線索還是以空間為線索等，這樣有利于考生＂順藤摸瓜（結尾）＂。（2）仔細審題，明確續(xù)寫要求。一般短文后面的＂注意＂都有對此次短文續(xù)寫的具體要求，如詞數(shù)限制、使用幾處下劃線關鍵詞語、續(xù)寫段落的首句提示，這樣考生做到＂心中有數(shù)＂。（3）回扣原文，揣摩續(xù)寫思路。根據(jù)文章后面的要求，再次快速回讀短文，抓住文章的思路，結合段首的提示語，最終確定續(xù)寫段落的思路，同時結合文章劃線詞語提示，確定續(xù)寫段落的內容。（4）擬寫草稿，修改錯詞病句。在確定了思路和內容之后，最關鍵的就是結合提示語或者文中劃線的關鍵詞擬寫草稿。擬寫時，注意句子結構的多樣性，語言的豐富性，并通過句與句之間連接詞的正確使用，使上下文連貫。（5）標出續(xù)寫部分中使用到的原材料中標有下劃線的關鍵詞語。這一點可以幫助考生自己檢查關鍵詞的使用情況并根據(jù)情況做出修改。最后在謄寫文字時，務必做到＂字跡工整、清晰＂。備考建議面對讀后續(xù)寫這一新寫作題型，在了解了其特點和寫作技巧之后，考生只要加以適度練習，對此新題型可以做到得心應手。1.充分利用記敘文故事類的閱讀理解或者完形填空?？忌谧龃祟愇恼碌脑囶}時，讀到適當?shù)奈恢?，可以短暫停止，根?jù)已讀部分文章的脈絡，對文章進行發(fā)散思維，設想可能的幾種結尾，最后對照原文的結尾，看自己的設想是否與原文一致。2.經(jīng)常實施微型化訓練，也就是對所讀文章的某一段落進行設想。根據(jù)某一段落的首句提示，結合文章的上文對該段進行合理設想，具體推斷該段可能要講述的內容。3.與傳統(tǒng)寫作類似，續(xù)寫文章更加要注意句與句之間的連接詞，甚至是冠詞的暗示作用。如《考試說明》的樣題中續(xù)寫部分的第二段＂thePoliceStation＂中的＂the＂表明在上一段中已經(jīng)提到，同時后面的and表明前后之間是并列關系。4.進行適度專題化練習。俗話說，熟能生巧。對于讀后續(xù)寫這一新題型也是如此。通過適度地練習，可以進一步熟知該種題型的特色，更好地掌握該種題型的寫作技巧，更有效地調動傳統(tǒng)寫作的基礎知識，從而寫出一篇優(yōu)美的續(xù)寫短文。需要注意的是，后續(xù)寫補全的是語篇，而非單詞或短語。5.在平時的教學中，老師要幫助學生釋放創(chuàng)造力和想象力，激發(fā)表達動機?！就P演練】1閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進行續(xù)寫，使之構成一個完整的故事。Itwassummer,andmydadwantedtotreatmetoavacationlikeneverbefore.HedecidedtotakemeonatriptotheWildWest.WetookaplanetoAlbuquerque,abigcityinthestateofNewMexico.WereachedAlbuquerqueinthelateafternoon.UnclePaul,mydad’sfriend,pickedusupfromtheairportanddroveusuptohisfarminPecos.HiswifeTinacookedusadeliciousdinnerandwegottoknowhissonsRyanandKyle.MydadandIspentthenightintheguestroomofthefarmhouselisteningtothefrogsandwaterrollingdowntherivernearby.Veryearlyinthemorning,UnclePaulwokeusuptohavebreakfast."Thedaystartsatdawnonmyfarm,"hesaid.Afterbreakfast,IwenttohelpAuntTinafeedthechickens.whilemydadwentwithUnclePaultotakethesheepouttograze(吃草).IwasimpressedtoseemydadandUnclePaulridinghorses.Theylookedreallycool.Intheafternoon,IaskedUnclePaulifIcouldtakeahorseride,andhesaidyes,aslongasmydadwentwithme.Iwasn’tgoingtotakeahorseridebymyselfanyway.So,mydadandIputonournewcowboyhats,gotonourhorses,andheadedslowlytowardsthemountains."Don’tbelateforsupper,"UnclePaulcried,"andkeeptothetracksothatyoudon’tgetlost!""OK!"mydadcriedback.AfterawhileUnclePaulandhisfarmhousewereoutofsight.Itwassopeacefulandquietandthecolorsofthebrownrocks,thedeepgreenpinetrees,andthelateafternoonsunmixedtocreateamagicscene.Itlookedlikeabeautifulwoven(編織的）blanketspreadoutuponthegroundjustforus.注意：1.所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應為l50左右；2.續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好；3.續(xù)寫完成后，請用下劃線標出你所使用的關鍵詞語。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進行續(xù)寫，使之構成一個完整的故事。LastSundayafternoon,SandraandIwereeagertomeetupwithamanonDetroit’seastsidetohelphimgetreadyforajobinterviewthisweek.Butontheway,wespottedadoglyingneartheroadnexttohisowner.Wethoughthe’dbeenhitbyacar.Myfriend,SandraAbrahamian,andIhadassistedanimalrescuegroupsbeforeandwethoughttheremightbesomethingwecoulddo,sowequicklypulledovertohelp.Hisowner,awomantoldusthedog’snameisBosco,andshewaswalkinghimoveramileintheheattohernewhome.ShesaidBoscowasanoutsidedogandnoonewouldgivehimaridetohernewplace.That’swhensheandafrienddecidedtowalktheentireway.Hewasgoingfromalifeonachaininonebackyardtoanother.ShesaidBoscowashavingtroublebreathingalongtheway,buttheythoughthecouldmakeit.Butjustablockawayfromtheirdestination,Boscofelldown.Wecouldtellhewassufferingfromheatstroke(中暑).Shetoldushehadthrownupandcouldnolongerstand.Boscowasoutofbreathquickly;hisdrool(口水)wasalsothick.Bosco’sownersaidshewantedtogivehimawaybecauseshedidn’thavetimeforhim.Shesaidhewouldneverbeallowedintohernew"home"becauseherchildrenhaveallergies(過敏癥)andsheworriedhewoulddirtythecarpet.ImadeacalltoKristinaRinaldiofDetroitDogRescuetoaskiftheycouldhelpBoscobecauseitwasclearthathewasgoingtodiewithoutemergencycare.Toourhappiness,Rinaldisaidtheycouldhelp.AtonceshetoldthepeopleatOaklandVeterinaryReferralServicesthatadogwhichneededcriticalcarewasbeingrushedinandtheymustbereadytotrytheirbesttosavehim.注意：1.所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應為150左右；2.續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好；3.續(xù)寫完成后，請用下劃線標出你所使用的關鍵詞語。Paragraph1：SandradrovewhileIstayedinthebackseattryingtocomfortBosco.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2：SoBoscoisnowbeingcalledRoscoe,whosecriticalcareandrecoverywereestimatedtobeseveralthousanddollars.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進行續(xù)寫，使之構成一個完整的故事。WhenIsawhertonightshesmiledandrecognizedme.Ismiledbackather.Shewaslookingmorerelaxedeventhoughshewasstillbusydoingherjob.Ihavenoticedherseveraltimesthislastfewmonthsandshealwayslookssomuchhappiernow.TonightwhenItalkedwithherInoticedhernametag.HernameisPamela.Pamelaworksattheexpresscheckoutsinabusysupermarket.Shedealswithproblemswhentheself-servicecheckoutexperiencesaproblem(nopriceonproduct,machineproblems,etc.).Shemonitorsthesecheckoutsandusuallyhashardlydealtwithonecomplaintbeforeanotheriscreated.WhenIfirsttalkedtoPamela,IhadcalledhertothecheckoutIwasusing.Therewasn’tanyproblemwiththecheckoutthough.MyproblemorshouldIsayconcernwasaboutPamela.Shelookedtiredandwasunderalotofstressasshequicklymovedfromonecheckouttothenext.It’sabitofafire-fightingjob.ItoldPamelathatsheneededtoslowdown.Itoldhershewasn’tgettingpaidenoughtobeworkingashardasshewasworking.Itoldherthatwe,thecustomers,couldwaitanditwasverybadforherhealthtobeputtingherselfundersuchpressure.Itoldherthatourexpectationswerenotashardastheonesshesetforherself.Pamelatoldmeshewouldslowdown.IcouldtellshewastouchedthatnotonlydidInoticeherstressbutIchosetotalktoheraboutitandwasconcernedforherhealth.Igentlytoldherthingshadtochange.ItoldherIwouldbelookingoutforherinfuturetoseeifshehadtakenmyadviceonboard.Shesmiledandsaid,"IpromisethatIwillnexttime."注意：1.所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應為150左右；2.續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好；3.續(xù)寫完成后，請用下劃線標出你所使用的關鍵詞語。Paragraph1：WhenIsawhershewasstilldoingherjobbuttherewassuchadifference.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2：Iamproudofmyself.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進行續(xù)寫，使之構成一個完整的故事。It’snoteasytodiewhenyouareonlyfifteen.ThosewerethewordsthatbeganthestoryIheardfromRobertWhite,aNorthCarolinafactoryworker.HeandhiswifewerevisitingtheirdaughterLeeinthehospitalastheydideveryevening.Sheknewshehadanillnessthatwouldnotspareher.Shesufferedalotbutnevercomplained.Shehadalreadyacceptedhergreatjourneyintotheunknown.Thisparticularevening,shesuddenlysaid,"Ialwaysdreamedofworkinginabigoceanparkwithdolphins.I’velovedthemsinceIwaslittle.Istilldreamofswimmingwiththem,freeandhappyintheopensea."She’dneveraskedforanything,butshesaidwithallthestrengthshehad,"Daddy,Iwanttoswimintheopenseaamongthedolphinsjustonce.MaybethenIwouldn’tbesoscaredofdying."Itseemedlikeanimpossibledream,butshehungontoit.Robertandhisfamilytalkeditoveranddecidedtodoeverythingtheycould.TheyphonedaresearchcenterintheFloridaKeys."Comeatonce,"theysaid.WhentheyarrivedinGrassyKey,Leedidn’twanttorestforaminuteandbeggedherparentstotakehertothedolphins.Roberttookherouttowardthedolphins,NatandTursi,whowereplayingaboutthirtyfeetawayfromthem.Atfirsttheyseemeddistractedanduninterested,butwhenLeecalledthemsoftlybyname,theyrespondedwithouthesitation.Natcameoverfirst,raisedhisheadandgaveherakissontheendofhernose.ThenTursicameoverhappily.Asecondlatertheypickedherupwiththeirmightyfins(鰭)andcarriedherouttoseawiththem."ItfeelslikeI’mflying!"criedLee,laughingwithdelight.Lee’sfamilyhadn’theardherlaughlikethatsinceshebecameill.ThedolphinsstayedwithLeeformorethananhour,alwaystender,alwaysattentive,andalwaysresponsivetoherwishes.注意：1.所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應為150左右；2.續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好；3.續(xù)寫完成后，請用下劃線標出你所使用的關鍵詞語。Paragraph1：Maybeit’struethattheyaremoreintelligentandsensitivecreaturesthanman.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2：Thenextdayshewastooweaktogetoutofbed,butshewhisperedtoherfather.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.【范文】Suddenlyalittlerabbitjumpedoutinfrontofmyhorse.MyhorseturnedtothelefttoavoidthelittlerabbitasIheldontightlyandtriednottofall.Thenmydadturnedaroundandshouted,“Holdon!”Allofasuddenthehorsebegantorun.Mydadtriedtokeepupbehindus.Forafewminutesmyhorsesloweddowntoatrotandthenstoppedbesideariver.Ilookedaroundandrealizedthatwewerewayoffthetrack.Wehadnoideawherewewereanditgotdark.Luckilythestarscameoutandgaveusalittlelightwhenwewerelookingforthewaytothefarmhouse.Afterwhatmusthavebeenseveralhours,wesuddenlyheardthesoundofsheepinthedistance.MydadandIbothrodeourhorsestowardsthesoundofthesheep.AswegotcloserwesawUnclePaulwithaflashlightwavingusover.Whatanight!2【范文】Paragraph1：SandradrovewhileIstayedinthebackseattryingtocomfortBosco.Ithoughtwelosthimacoupleoftimeswhenhewasseeminglyoutofbreathandhiseyesseemedtoclose.Bythetimewearrived,Boscowaswheeledintotheanimalcarecentertoreceiveemergencycare.Boscowasputonoxygenandwastakengoodcareofbystaffthereandwewaitedanxiouslyforthedogtogetoutofdanger.RinaldisaidanotherdoginDetroitDogRescuehadalreadybeennamedBosco,andshewantedthisnewmembertohaveanewnameforhisnewlife.Paragraph2：SoBoscoisnowbeingcalledRoscoe,whosecriticalcareandrecoverywereestimatedtobeseveralthousanddollars.ItwouldbedifficultforRoscoe’snewhometocoverthecostsasanon-profitorganization.Thankfully,manypeoplewhoknewRoscoe’sstoryonDetroitDogRescue’sFacebookpagedonatedmoneytohiscare.Withthehelpofsupporters,DetroitDogRescuemanagedtomakeit.OnceRoscoewasinastablestate,SandraandIreturnedtoouroriginalmission,knowingwehadalreadybeengiventhechancetohelponedesperatesoul.3【范文】Paragraph1：WhenIs