（5）閱讀理解-教育-2024年高考英語真題模擬試題專項(xiàng)匯編

（5）閱讀理解-教育——2024年高考英語真題模擬試題專項(xiàng)匯編一、【2024年新高考Ⅰ卷，閱讀C】Iscomprehensionthesamewhetherapersonreadsatextonscreenoronpaper?Andarelisteningtoandviewingcontentaseffectiveasreadingthewrittenwordwhencoveringthesamematerial?Theanswerstobothquestionsareoften"no".Thereasonsrelatetoavarietyoffactors,includingreducedconcentration,anentertainmentmindset(心態(tài))andatendencytomultitaskwhileconsumingdigitalcontent.Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit'sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularlyshinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks—likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage-toonesthatrequirementalabstraction—suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.Thedifferencesbetweenprintanddigitalreadingresultsarepartlyrelatedtopaper'sphysicalproperties.Withpaper,thereisaliterallayingonofhands,alongwiththevisualgeographyofdistinctpages.Peopleoftenlinktheirmemoryofwhatthey'vereadtohowfarintothebookitwasorwhereitwasonthepage.Butequallyimportantisthementalaspect.Readingresearchershaveproposedatheorycalled"shallowinghypothesis(假說)".Accordingtothistheory,peopleapproachdigitaltextswithamindsetsuitedtosocialmedia,whichareoftennotsoserious,anddevotelessmentaleffortthanwhentheyarereadingprint.Audio(音頻)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies-say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.However,psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoorviewidenticalpieces.Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn'tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"shinethrough"inparagraph2mean?A.Seemunlikelytolast. B.Seemhardtoexplain.C.Becomereadytouse. D.Becomeeasytonotice.2．Whatdoestheshallowinghypothesisassume?A.Readerstreatdigitaltextslightly.B.Digitaltextsaresimplertounderstand.C.Peopleselectdigitaltextsrandomly.D.Digitaltextsaresuitableforsocialmedia.3．Whyareaudioandvideoincreasinglyusedbyuniversityteachers?A.Theycanholdstudents'attention. B.Theyaremoreconvenienttoprepаre.C.Theyhelpdevelopadvancedskills. D.Theyaremoreinformativethantext.4．Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A.Studentsshouldapplymultiplelearningtechniques.B.Teachersshouldproducetheirownteachingmaterial.C.Printtextscannotbeentirelyreplacedineducation.D.Educationoutsidetheclassroomcannotbeignored.二、【2024年黑龍江二?！縄'veworkedinthefactoriessurroundingmyhometowneverysummersinceIgraduatedfromhighschool.Butmakingthetransitionbetweenschoolandfull-timeblue-collarworkduringthebreaknevergetsanyeasier.Forastudentlikemewhoconsidersanyclassbeforenoontobeuncivilized,gettingtoafactoryby6o'clockeachmorningisakindofsuffering.MyfriendsneverseemtounderstandwhyI'msorelievedtobebackatschoolorthatmysummervacationhasbeenanythingbutavacation.Therearefewpeopleasself-confidentasacollegestudentwhohasneverbeenoutintherealworld.Peopleofmyagealwaysseemtooverestimate(高估)thevalueoftheirtimeandknowledge.Infact,alltheclassesdidnotpreparemeformybattleswiththemachineIranintheplant,whichwouldjamwheneverIabsent-mindedlyputinapartbackwardorupsidedown.Themoststressfulthingaboutblue-collarlifeisknowingyourjobcoulddisappearovernight.Issueslikedownsizing(裁員)andoverseasrelocation(重新安置)hadalwaysseemeddistanttomeuntilmyco-workerstoldmethattheunitIwasworkinginwouldshutdownwithinsixmonthsandmovetoMexico,wherepeoplewouldworkfor60centsanhour.Afterworking12-hourshiftsinafactory,theotheroptionshavebecomeonlytooclear.WhenI'mbackattheuniversity,skippingclassesandturninginlazyre-writesseemstooirresponsibleafterseeingwhatIwouldbedoingwithoutschool.Alltheadviceandpublic-serviceannouncementsaboutthevalueofeducationthatusedtosoundboringnowringtrue.TheselessonsI'mlearning,howeverprecious,arealwaysaccompaniedbyasenseofguilt.ManypeoplepasstheirlivesintheplacesIbrieflywork,spending30yearswhereIspendonlytwomonthsatatime."Thisjobpayswell,butit'sakindofphysicalsuffering,"saidoneco-worker."Studyhardandkeepreading,"sheadded.MyexperiencesinthefactorieshaveinspiredmetomakethemostofmycollegeyearsbeforeIentertherealworldforgood.1．Howdoestheauthorfeelafterhissummervacation?A.Exhausted. B.Happy. C.Discouraged. D.Confident.2．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?A.Acollegestudentwhohasneverbeenoutintherealworldishardlyself-confident.B.Peopleoftheauthor'sageseemtoignorethevalueoftheirtimeandknowledge.C.Whattheauthorlearnedatschooldidn'tapplytohisworkinthefactory.D.Theauthorhardlymademistakeswhenmakinguseofthemachine.3．Whatdidtheauthor'scolleaguesrevealtotheauthoraccordingtoParagraph3?A.Theymightlosetheirjobsoon.B.Theunitwouldtakeinmorestaff.C.TheywouldcontinueworkinginMexico.D.Theunithadrunofmoneyandwouldstopoperating.4．Whatdoestheauthoremphasizeinthelastthreeparagraphs?A.Theconsequenceoftheauthor'sskippingclasses.B.Thepurposeoftheauthor'sworkingintheplant.C.Thewaymanypeoplepasstheirlivesintheplant.D.Thesignificanceoftheauthor'sreceivingeducation.三、【2024年廣西模擬】Iusedtotellmychildrenthattheyweresmart,becauseIwasimpressedbytheirrapidgrowth.IrememberclearlywatchingmydaughterfigureouthowtobuildaLegohousethatwouldstanduponitsown,andthinking:Lookatthistinyarchitecturalgenius.Butdecadesofresearchnowsuggestthatweshouldnottellourchildrenthey're"smart"whentheydoimpressivethings.WhenIfirstheardit,Ifeltinstinctivelyirritated.ButafterIdugintotheresearch,Iwaspersuaded.Itallgoesbacktosomethingcalled"growth"mindset,atermdevelopedandpopularizedbyCarolDweck,aprofessorofpsychologyatStanford.ProfessorDweckbelievesthatwecanchangeourabilitiesthrougheffortandstrategy.Thealternativetoagrowthmindsetisa"fixed"mindset—theideathatourabilitiesareinbornandcan'tbechanged.Whenwepraiseourchildrenforbeing"smart",basedonvictorieslikedoingwellonatest,we'reunwittingly(不知不覺地)encouragingthemtobelievethatiftheydopoorlyormakemistakes,they'renotsmart.It'snotjustwhatwesaythatmatters,buthowwetolerateourchildren'sfailures.A2016studybyDweckshowedthatparents'"failuremindsets"affecttheirchildrenmorethantheirviewsonintelligence.Inotherwords,ifparentsthinkthatfailureisshameful,theirchildrenaremorelikelytobeafraidofmakingmistakes.Thestudyconcludesthateveryoneisactuallyamixtureoffixedandgrowthmindsets,continuallyevolvingwithexperience.Whateverwesayordon'tsaytoourkids,thekeyistogetthemmorecomfortablewithfailuresbigorsmall.It'shelpfulforkidstounderstandthatyoumakemistakesandlearnhowtheyhappen.Whenyouchatwiththem,youcandescribewhatyoulearned,orhowyoustrategizedasolution."Youdon'thavetodenyyouhavenegativeemotionalreactions,"Dwecksaid."We,asasociety,don'tdothatenoughbecausewefeelembarrassedwhenwemakemistakes."Butifwediscussourmisstepsmoreandexplainhowweovercamethem,ourchildrencanlearntodothesame.1．Howdidtheauthorfeelabouttheresearchadviceatfirst?A.Itwasconfusing. B.Itwasannoying.C.Itwaspersuasive. D.Itwasencouraging.2．Whatdothechildrenwithagrowthmindsettendtobelieve?A.Smartnessisthekeytosuccess.B.Difficultiesindailylifeteachthemalot.C.Theirabilitiescanbeimprovedthroughhardwork.D.Theyareimpressiveduetotheirgoodgradesontests.3．WhatdoesDwecksuggestparentsdo?A.Helpchildrenfacefailurespositively.B.Hidetheirnegativefeelingsfromchildren.C.Remindchildrentoavoidmakingmistakes.D.Payattentiontodevelopingchildren'sintelligence.4．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WaystoCultivateSmartChildrenB.TheEffectofaFixedMindsetonChildrenC.ThePowerofProperPraiseforChildren'sGrowthD.TheImportanceofaGrowthMindsetinParenting四、【2024年廣東肇慶二模】Oneofthebiggestchallengesthattraditionaleducatorsfaceishowtounlockstudents'loveoflearning.Oncestudentsovercometheirfearorunwillingness,theywillbeonthetrackofbecomingmotivatedlearners.Inordertohelpstudentsdiscoverthejoyinlearning,someteachersareturningtoasimplebuteffectivestrategycalledgamification-usinggame-relatedelementssuchasactivitiesandrewardstopromotestudents'engagementinclass.Withanoriginineducationalpsychology,thisapproachisdesignedtoreachstudentsbymakingthelearningprocessfunnyandinteresting.What'smore,researchesshowthatgamificationcanalsomakeassignmentslessstressful.Withouttoomuchpressure,studentswillassociatelearningwithcuriosityandjoy.Accordingly,theyfeellikecontinuingthejourneybecausepositivefeelingshaveboostedtheirconfidence.Butlikeanyotherstrategies,gamificationhasitsdrawbackswhenusedincorrectly.Itisverylikelythatsomestudentsonlyfocusonwinningrewardsbuthavenointerestinunderstandingconceptsorlearningnewskills-exactlytheoppositeofthedesiredoutcome.Toavoidthis,teacherscanhelppreventstudentsfrombecomingwronglymotivatedbychoosingsuitablerewards.Insteadofclasspartiesorsnacks,tryrewardsthathelpstudentsdevelopapassionforacademicsubjects.Forexample,havestudentsearnpointstowardsaclassfieldtripbybehavinganddoingtheirassignments,orpairsubjectsthatastudentdislikeswithfunbooksoractivitiestoencouragemotivation.Thatway,theyassociatefunwithreading,math,orotherskills.Moreexamplesincludecompetingonaleader-board,holdingatalentshow,orplayingotherteam-buildinggames.Allactivitiesandrewardsneedtobecarefullyselectedandwellarranged.Ifyou'rehavingahardtimegettingyourclassinterestedinlearning,talkwiththemtogetherorindividuallyaboutwhatmotivatesthemandincludeitintoyourstudentengagementstrategies.1．Whatcanwelearnaboutgamificationfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Itimprovesstudents'criticalthinking.B.Itadvocatesatraditionalteachingstyle.C.Itmotivatesstudentstobeactivelearners.D.Itpromotestheuseofvideogamesinclass.2．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetotheapplicationofgamification?A.Favorable. B.Worried. C.Doubtful. D.Objective.3．Howshouldteachersavoidthedrawbacksofgamification?A.Setlearninggoalsfordifferentstudents.B.Associatelearningprocesswithassignments.C.Encourageteamworkbyholdingclassparties.D.Selectsuitablerewardsforteachingactivities.4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theanalysisofateachingstrategy.B.Thefutureinfluencesofgamification.C.Adiscoveryaboutmotivatinglearners.D.Recentresearchoneducationsystem.五、【2024年河北滄州一?！?Moja,mbili,tatu…"One,two,three.JulianaRubashaiiscountingaloudtoshowwhatshehaslearnedinschool.Delightedandproud,shecountsto20,buthermother,ZefrinaNandia,addsthatJulianacankeepcounting,andthatshealsocandosomereading.Nine-year-oldJulianaisoneofthechildrenwhohavereceivedaidthroughaprojectrunbyInternationalAidServices(IAS)insouthwesternTanzania,wheremanychildrenstayathomeallday,cutofffromsocialcontactandschooling.Theprojectimprovesschoolfacilitiesandraiseslocalcommunity'sawarenessabouteducation.Theytrainteachersandlobby(游說)thelocalauthorities.Intheseways,IASisstrugglingtoensurebasiceducationforeveryone.ZefrinawascontactedlastyearbyprojectcoordinatorFortunatusRafael,whogetsintouchwithfamiliestogetanoverviewofchildren'sneedsandschooloptions.ZefrinahadpreviouslyaskedthelocalschooltoenrollJuliana,butwasturneddownduetolackofresources.Thankstotheproject,theschoolcanofferchancestomorechildren.Partoftheprojectistrainingteachersinspecialneedseducation.Manyteachershavereceivedadditionaltraininginestimatingthedegreeofachild'sdisability.Duringthefirstyearoftheproject,270childrenwithspecialneedshavebeenevaluated,andofthese,200gotthechancetogotoschool.TheteachersScolasticaNyoniandBwiganeMwasipubothappreciatehowithasstrengthenedtheirskills."Whenteachingchildrenwithspecialneeds,weknowwhomtopayextraattentionto.Thismeansacloserrelationbetweenteachersandstudents,"saysScolastica.It'sayearsinceJulianagotintotheclassroom,andhermothernoticesdefiniteimprovement."Sheusedtobelonelyandunhappy.Now,she'smuchhappierandalwayswantstogotoschool,"saysZefrina.Theteachersalsonoticebigchangeshavetakenplaceinthelocalcommunity."Parentsarenowcomingtoustofindteacherstoteachtheirchildrenwithspecialneeds.Previously,theydidn'tthinkthatschoolingwouldbepossibleforthesechildren,"saysBwigane.1．Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.ThelifeofaTanzaniangirlnamedJuliana.B.ThechallengesfacedbyTanzanianchildren.C.ThesuccessstoryofaschoolprojectinTanzania.D.IAS'seffortstoimproveeducationalaccessinTanzania.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"enroll"inparagraph3probablymean?A.Assess. B.Award. C.Accept. D.Contact.3．WhatdotheteachersthinkoftheIAS'sproject?A.Ithelpstheteachersknowtheirstudentsbetter.B.Itimprovestherelationshipbetweentheteachers.C.Itoffersassistancetotheteacherswithspecialneeds.D.Itprovidesdisabledstudentswithachancetorecover.4．HowdoestheIAS'sprojectbenefitthecommunity?A.Disadvantagedchildrenreceivefinancialsupport.B.Theoverallawarenessofeducationisraised.C.Moreschoolsarewillingtoadmitlocalchildren.D.Beliefingovernment'spoliciesisstrengthened.六、【2024年安徽合肥三?！緼syoungchildrenwentbacktoschoolacrossSwedenlastmonth,manyoftheirteacherswereputtinganewemphasisonprintedbooks,quietreadingtimeandhandwritingpracticeanddevotinglesstimetotablets,independentonlineresearchandkeyboardingskills.Thereturntomoretraditionalwaysoflearningisaresponsetoexperts'doubtonthecountry'sover-digitalizedapproachtoeducation,whichhasevenintroducedtabletsintokindergartens.Theyareworriedthatithasalreadyledtoadeclineinbasicskills.TherapidadoptionofdigitallearningtoolshasalsodrawnconcernfromaUnitedNations'educationagency.Inareportpublishedlastmonth,theagencyissuedanurgentcallforappropriateuseoftechnologyineducation.Thereporturgescountriestospeedupinternetconnectionsatschools,butatthesametimewarnsthattechnologyineducationshouldbeusedinawaysothatitneverreplacesin-person,teacher-ledinstructionandsupportsthesharedobjectiveofqualityeducationforall.However,onlineinstructionisahotlydebatedsubjectacrossEuropeandotherpartsoftheWest.Germanyhasbeenfamouslyslowinmovinginformationofallkindsonline,includingeducation.Manystudentscancompletetheirschoolingwithoutanykindofrequireddigitalinstruction,suchascoding.Mostparentsworrytheirchildrenmaynotbeabletocompeteinthejobmarketwithtechnologicallybetter-trainedyoungpeoplefromothercountries."Ifwedon'tmanagetomakeeducationdigital,thenwewillnolongerbeacompetitivecountryin20years,"saidSaschaLobo,oneoftheparentsinterviewedlastyear.However,notallteachersareconvincedthatSweden'sback-to-basicspushisinthebestinterestforstudents."Technologyisjustonepartofareallycomplexnetworkoffactorsineducation,"saidCatarinaBranelius,athirdgradeteacherintheSwedishcapital,Stockholm."Iusetabletsinmath,butIdon'tusetabletsforwritingtext.Studentsunderage10needtimeandpracticeandexerciseinhandwriting...beforeyouintroducethemtowriteonatablet."1．WhatdidSwedenstressbeforethisnewschoolyear?A.Printedbooks. B.Handwritingpractice.C.Quietreadingtime. D.Independentonlineresearch.2．WhichcanbestdescribetheapproachsuggestedbytheUnitedNations'agency?A.Textbook-centered. B.Balanced.C.Over-digitalized. D.Traditional.3．Whatcanbeknownfromparagraph4?A.StudentsinGermanydonotheavilyrelyoncomputers.B.TheGermangovernmentispushingforonlineinstruction.C.Germanparentsarehappywiththeirchildren'seducation.D.TeachersinGermanyarereadytomakeeducationdigital.4．WhatisCatarinaBranelius'sattitudetothenewpolicy?A.Favorable. B.Unclear. C.Doubtful. D.Unconcerned.七、【2024年河南鄭州模擬】WilliamLindesay,renownedGreatWallexpertandconservationist,andhiswifeWuQihavetraveledacrosstheglobebythebackpaths,providingtheirsonsJimmyandTommyauniqueenvironmentforpersonalgrowth.Sunhats,backpacks,sneakersandtrekkingpoles—thesearetheday-to-daymust-havesofthefamily.ThisEast-meets-Westcouplestartedtravelingwhiletheiryoungersonwasstillinnappiesin2003.Mostoftheirtrips,mostofwhicharefarfromthehotspotsrecommendedbytravelguidebooks,seemmorerigorousthanleisurely—heritagestudyintheMongoliandeserts,a53-kilometerhikingtourofNewZealand,aone-dayclimbofthreeEnglishsummitsandasix-daytrainridefromBeijingtoMoscow."Realtravelmaybehard,uncertain,uncomfortable,butthere'safeel-goodfactorwhenyoupassatestofsomekind,"Lindesaywroteinthefamily'snewlypublishedtravelmemoirPagesofDiscovery.Lindesayattachesgreatimportancetolearningoutoftheclassroom,sayingthatchildrenmightscorewellonschooltests,butthatexperienceoftheworldoutside,indistantlands,withdifferentlanguages,scripts,politicalstructures,andreligiousbeliefs,istherealtestingground.Childreninthisinternationalfamilydidnothavethesamepressuretoperformonschooltests,buttheyhad"homework"ontheroad.Wuaskedhersonstowritetraveldiaries,collecttickets,drawmapsandsummarizetraveltips.Shesayssuchhabits,thoughtheymightnotdirectlyimprovetestscores,willpaydividendsinlaterlife.Theseexperiencescertainlyshapedtheirsons'charactersandinfluencedtheirchosenstudyatuniversity.Onereadworldhistory,theotherinternationalrelations.Thetwobrothersalsoshareaninterestinhistoricalmonuments,andtheGreatWallinparticular.Theyarenowplanningtofollowintheirfather'sfootstepswithanew4,500-kmhikeontheGreatWall."Myparentsviewtheworldasabigclassroom,andmybrotherandIarethebiggestbeneficiaries,"Jimmysays.1．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheirtripsacrosstheworld?A.Hardandrisky. B.Uniqueyetstressful.C.Challengingandeducational. D.Leisurelyyetrewarding.2．Whatcanweinferaboutthecouplefromthetext?A.Theythinklittleofschooleducation.B.Theybelievetravelprovidesrealeducation.C.Theyasktheirsonstofollowtheircareerpath.D.Theyrequiretheirsonstoperformwellonschooltests.3．Whatdotheunderlinedwords"paydividends"meaninparagraph5?A.Bringadvantages. B.Payaprice.C.Improvescores. D.Makemistakes.4．Whatdoesthefamily'sstorytellus?A.Goodcompanyontheroadistheshortestcut.B.Goodhabitsformedatyouthmakeallthedifference.C.Ajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.D.Itisbettertotravel10,000milesthantoread10,000books.八、【2024年廣東模擬】ProfessorLumseemstobeunderthespellofChatGPT,butlet'snotgetcarriedawaywiththeAIchatbotcraze.Whileitdoeshavesomebenefits,hisargumentsarelikealeakyboatinastormysea—fullofholes.AccordingtoProfessorLum,ChatGPToffersstudentsawealthofinformation.Sure,it'slikehavingawalkingencyclopedia(百科全書),butlearningisnotaboutcopyingananswer.It'saboutthejourneyofdiscovery.ChatGPT,armedwithitsvastdatabase,deniesstudentstheopportunitytoexploreandlearnthroughtheirownefforts.It'slikeawardingaparticipationmedalforaracethathasn'tevenbegun!HealsoclaimsthatChatGPTimprovescommunicationskills.Seriously?ChattingwithanAIisnotthesameashavingarealconversation.Howcanweexpectstudentstohandlethecomplexitiesoftherealworldifalltheyknowishowtotalktoachatbot?Let'snotturnthemintosociallyawkwardbotsthemselves.Oh,andlet'snotforgetaboutcriticalthinking.ProfessorLumthinksChatGPTchallengesstudentstothinkcritically.Butcomeon,folks!It'smerelyamachine!It'snotgoingtoteachthemhowtoquestionassumptions,analyzeevidence,orcomeupwithinnovativesolutions.Weneedhumaninteractionandlivelydebatesforthat.Lastly,ProfessorLumbelievesChatGPTcanprovidesupportandguidance.Again,seriously?Arewegoingtoreplacehumanemotionswithlinesofcode(代碼)?ChatGPTmightoffersomecomfortingwords,butitcan'treplacethewarmthandunderstandingthatcanonlybefoundinhumaninteraction.Letusnotabandonourstudents,leavingthemtofeelmorealoneanddisconnectedthaneverbefore.ProfessorLum'sopinionregardingChatGPTwarnsusagainsttoomuchrelianceontechnology.RatherthanprioritizingChatGPT,thefocusshouldbeondevelopingcriticalthinking,promotinggenuinehumaninteraction,andemphasizingthecoreaspectsofeducation.1．Whatiscomparedtoaparticipationmedalinparagraph2?A.Awalkingencyclopedia. B.Ajourneytoexplore.C.Avastdatabase. D.Ananswer.2．WhatcanbeinferredaboutChatGPTfromparagraphs3~5?A.Itisnotgoodatsocializing. B.Itisaskilledcriticalthinker.C.Itoffersnothinghelpfultohumans. D.Itformsawarmbondwithhumans.3．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsChatGPT?A.Totallynegative. B.Fullysupportive.C.Highlyskeptical. D.Quiteindifferent.4．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tocriticizeaviewpoint. B.Toquestionanauthority.C.Toclarifytwoarguments. D.Tocomparetwochatbots.

答案以及解析一、1．答案：D解析：理解詞匯。讀題:題干問"第二段中畫線短語shinethrough是什么意思"。A項(xiàng)"似乎不太可能長(zhǎng)久";B項(xiàng)"似乎難以解釋";C項(xiàng)"準(zhǔn)備好使用";D項(xiàng)"變得容易被注意到"。解題:本段第一句談到當(dāng)閱讀幾百字或更多字的文本時(shí),有紙化學(xué)習(xí)通常比在屏幕上學(xué)習(xí)更成功,接著談到大量的研究證實(shí)了這一發(fā)現(xiàn)。故畫線短語所在部分應(yīng)該是指從提出簡(jiǎn)單的任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)向需要抽象思維的任務(wù)時(shí),這種有紙化閱讀的好處尤其明顯,也就是說很容易被注意到,答案為D。2．答案：A解析：理解具體信息。讀題:題干問"'淺化假說'假定了什么"。A項(xiàng)"讀者輕率對(duì)待電子文本";B項(xiàng)"電子文本更容易理解";C項(xiàng)"人們隨機(jī)選擇電子文本";D項(xiàng)"電子文本適用于社交媒體"。解題:根據(jù)題干中的shallowinghypothesis可以將答案定位在第四段中。根據(jù)第四段中的"whichareoftennotsoserious"以及"devotelessmentaleffort"可知在對(duì)待電子文本的時(shí)候,讀者通常不是很嚴(yán)肅,同時(shí)比閱讀紙質(zhì)文本時(shí)投入的精力要少,即讀者對(duì)電子文本不是很重視,答案為A。3．答案：A解析：理解具體信息。讀題:題干問"為什么音頻和視頻越來越多地被大學(xué)教師使用"。A項(xiàng)"它們可以吸引學(xué)生的注意力";B項(xiàng)"它們準(zhǔn)備起來更方便";C項(xiàng)"它們幫助培養(yǎng)先進(jìn)技能";D項(xiàng)"它們比文本提供更多信息"。解題:根據(jù)題干可將解題信息定位在第五段。本段第一句談到音頻和視頻比文字更吸引人,所以大學(xué)教師越來越多地改用這些技術(shù),故選A。4．答案：C解析：推斷。最后一段首先談到電子文本、音頻和視頻都具有教育作用,特別是在提供紙質(zhì)文本無法提供的資源時(shí)。"However"后提到為了最大限度地進(jìn)行需要集中注意力和反思的學(xué)習(xí),教育者不應(yīng)該假設(shè)所有媒體都是一樣的,即使它們包含相同的詞匯。這與倒數(shù)第二段最后一句中的信息意思一致:當(dāng)成年人閱讀新聞故事時(shí),他們比聽或看相同的片段能記住更多內(nèi)容,也就是說有紙化學(xué)習(xí)在教育中是不能完全被取代的,答案為C。A項(xiàng)"學(xué)生們應(yīng)該應(yīng)用多種學(xué)習(xí)技巧";B項(xiàng)"教師應(yīng)制作自己的教材";C項(xiàng)"紙質(zhì)文本在教育中是不能完全被取代的";D項(xiàng)"課堂外的教育不容忽視"。二、1．答案：B解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段"MyfriendsneverseemtounderstandwhyI'msorelievedtobebackatschoolorthatmysummervacationhasbeenanythingbutavacation.(我的朋友們似乎從來都不明白，為什么回到學(xué)校后我如釋重負(fù)，或者我的暑假一點(diǎn)都不像假期)"可知，作者暑假結(jié)束回到學(xué)校后會(huì)感到如釋重負(fù)，也就是感到快樂。故選B。2．答案：C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段"Peopleofmyagealwaysseemtooverestimatethevalueoftheirtimeandknowledge.Infact,alltheclassesdidnotpreparemeformybattleswiththemachineIranintheplant,whichwouldjamwheneverIabsent-mindedlyputinapartbackwardorupsidedown.(像我這樣年紀(jì)的人似乎總是高估他們的時(shí)間和知識(shí)的價(jià)值。事實(shí)上，所有的課程都沒有讓我做好與我在工廠里運(yùn)行的機(jī)器戰(zhàn)斗的準(zhǔn)備，每當(dāng)我心不在焉地把一個(gè)零件倒著或倒著放進(jìn)去時(shí)，它就會(huì)卡住)"可推斷出，作者在學(xué)校學(xué)到的東西并不適用于他在工廠的工作。故選C。3．答案：A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段"Themoststressfulthingaboutblue-collarlifeisknowingyourjobcoulddisappearovernight.Issueslikedownsizingandoverseasrelocationhadalwaysseemeddistanttomeuntilmyco-workerstoldmethattheunitIwasworkinginwouldshutdownwithinsixmonthsandmovetoMexico,wherepeoplewouldworkfor60centsanhour.(藍(lán)領(lǐng)生活中壓力最大的事情就是知道你的工作可能一夜之間消失。裁員和海外重新安置等問題對(duì)我來說一直很遙遠(yuǎn)，直到我的同事告訴我，我所在的單位將在六個(gè)月內(nèi)關(guān)閉，搬到墨西哥，那里的人每小時(shí)的工資是60美分)"可知，作者的同事向作者透露作者所在的單位將在六個(gè)月內(nèi)關(guān)閉，搬到墨西哥，也就是他們可能很快就會(huì)失業(yè)。故選A。4．答案：D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段"WhenI'mbackattheuniversity,skippingclassesandturninginlazyre-writesseemstooirresponsibleafterseeingwhatIwouldbedoingwithoutschool.Alltheadviceandpublic-serviceannouncementsaboutthevalueofeducationthatusedtosoundboringnowringtrue.(當(dāng)我回到大學(xué)的時(shí)候，逃課和懶惰的重寫似乎太不負(fù)責(zé)任了，因?yàn)槲铱吹搅藳]有學(xué)校我會(huì)做什么。所有關(guān)于教育價(jià)值的建議和公共服務(wù)公告過去聽起來很無聊，現(xiàn)在聽起來很真實(shí))"、第五段""Studyhardandkeepreading,"sheadded.(努力學(xué)習(xí)，堅(jiān)持閱讀，"她補(bǔ)充道。)"以及最后一段"MyexperiencesinthefactorieshaveinspiredmetomakethemostofmycollegeyearsbeforeIentertherealworldforgood.(我在工廠的經(jīng)歷激勵(lì)我在進(jìn)入現(xiàn)實(shí)世界之前充分利用我的大學(xué)時(shí)光)"可知，作者在最后三段強(qiáng)調(diào)了接受教育的意義。故選D。三、1．答案：B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Butdecadesofresearchnowsuggestthatweshouldnottellourchildrenthey're"smart"whentheydoimpressivethings.WhenIfirstheardit,Ifeltinstinctivelyirritated.(但幾十年的研究表明，當(dāng)我們的孩子做了令人印象深刻的事情時(shí)，我們不應(yīng)該說他們"聰明"。當(dāng)我第一次聽到它時(shí)，我本能地感到惱火)"可知，作者在第一次聽到研究的建議時(shí)，第一反應(yīng)是惱怒的。故選B。2．答案：C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Itallgoesbacktosomethingcalled‘growth'mindset,atermdevelopedandpopularizedbyCarolDweck,aprofessorofpsychologyatStanford.ProfessorDweckbelievesthatwecanchangeourabilitiesthrougheffortandstrategy.(這一切都要追溯到所謂的‘成長(zhǎng)'心態(tài)，這個(gè)術(shù)語是由斯坦福大學(xué)心理學(xué)教授CarolDweck提出并推廣的。Dweck教授認(rèn)為，我們可以通過努力和策略來改變自己的能力)"可知，斯坦福大學(xué)心理學(xué)教授CarolDweck提出了"成長(zhǎng)型"心態(tài)的概念，他認(rèn)為我們可以通過努力和策略來改變自己的能力。由此可知，擁有"成長(zhǎng)型"心態(tài)的孩子傾向于相信他們的能力可以通過努力得到提升。故選C。3．答案：A解析：推理判斷題。父母的"失敗心態(tài)"對(duì)孩子的影響很大，如果父母認(rèn)為失敗是可恥的，他們的孩子就更有可能害怕犯錯(cuò)，關(guān)鍵是讓他們適應(yīng)那些或大或小的失敗，讓孩子們知道錯(cuò)誤是怎么產(chǎn)生的，當(dāng)你和他們聊天時(shí)，你可以描述你學(xué)到了什么，或者你是如何制定解決方案的，如果我們能更多地討論我們的錯(cuò)誤，并解釋我們是如何克服它們的，我們的孩子就能學(xué)會(huì)做同樣的事情。由此可推知，Dweck建議家長(zhǎng)要幫助孩子積極地面對(duì)失敗。故選A。4．答案：D解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第二段中的"Itallgoesbacktosomethingcalled‘growth'mindset,atermdevelopedandpopularizedbyCarolDweck,aprofessorofpsychologyatStanford.(這一切都要追溯到所謂的‘成長(zhǎng)'心態(tài)，這個(gè)術(shù)語是由斯坦福大學(xué)心理學(xué)教授CarolDweck提出并推廣的)"可知，文章主要介紹了父母稱贊孩子聰明可