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易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)10不等式易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1:線性規(guī)劃求線性目標(biāo)函數(shù)z=ax+by(ab≠0)的最值,當(dāng)b>0時(shí),直線過(guò)可行域且在y軸上截距最大時(shí),z值最大,在y軸截距最小時(shí),z值最小;當(dāng)b<0時(shí),直線過(guò)可行域且在y軸上截距最大時(shí),z值最小,在y軸上截距最小時(shí),z值最大.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2:基本不等式均值不等式SKIPIF1<0(當(dāng)僅當(dāng)a=b時(shí)取等號(hào))注意:①一正二定三相等;②變形:SKIPIF1<0(當(dāng)僅當(dāng)a=b時(shí)取等號(hào))易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3:絕對(duì)值不等式(1)用零點(diǎn)分段法解絕對(duì)值不等式的步驟:①求零點(diǎn);②劃區(qū)間、去絕對(duì)值號(hào);③分別解去掉絕對(duì)值的不等式;④取每個(gè)結(jié)果的并集,注意在分段時(shí)不要遺漏區(qū)間的端點(diǎn)值.(2)用圖象法、數(shù)形結(jié)合可以求解含有絕對(duì)值的不等式,使得代數(shù)問(wèn)題幾何化,既通俗易懂,又簡(jiǎn)潔直觀,是一種較好的方法.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)4:柯西不等式(1)使用柯西不等式證明的關(guān)鍵是恰當(dāng)變形,化為符合它的結(jié)構(gòu)形式,當(dāng)一個(gè)式子與柯西不等式的左邊或右邊具有一致形式時(shí),就可使用柯西不等式進(jìn)行證明.(2)利用柯西不等式求最值的一般結(jié)構(gòu)為(aeq\o\al(2,1)+aeq\o\al(2,2)+…+aeq\o\al(2,n))(eq\f(1,a\o\al(2,1))+eq\f(1,a\o\al(2,2))+…+eq\f(1,a\o\al(2,n)))≥(1+1+…+1)2=n2.在使用柯西不等式時(shí),要注意右邊為常數(shù)且應(yīng)注意等號(hào)成立的條件.題組1線性規(guī)劃1.(2021浙江卷)若實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0滿足約束條件SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值是(). A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【解析】如圖,畫(huà)出可行域,顯然過(guò)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),取到最小值,即SKIPIF1<0,故選B.2.(2021年全國(guó)乙卷文)若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0滿足約束條件SKIPIF1<0則SKIPIF1<0的最小值為A.18B.10C.6D.4【答案】C【解析】由約束條件可得可行域如圖所示,當(dāng)直線SKIPIF1<0過(guò)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0取最小值為6,故選C.3.(2021上海卷)已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最大值為_(kāi)__________.【答案】4【解析】畫(huà)出可行域易得最優(yōu)解為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的最大值為SKIPIF1<04.(2020?全國(guó)1卷)若x,y滿足約束條件SKIPIF1<0則z=x+7y的最大值為_(kāi)_____【答案】1.【解析】繪制不等式組表示的平面區(qū)域如圖所示,目標(biāo)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0即:SKIPIF1<0,其中z取得最大值時(shí),其幾何意義表示直線系在y軸上的截距最大,據(jù)此結(jié)合目標(biāo)函數(shù)的幾何意義可知目標(biāo)函數(shù)在點(diǎn)A處取得最大值,聯(lián)立直線方程:SKIPIF1<0,可得點(diǎn)A的坐標(biāo)為:SKIPIF1<0,據(jù)此可知目標(biāo)函數(shù)的最大值為:SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:1.題組2基本不等式5.(2021年全國(guó)乙卷文)下列函數(shù)最小值為4的是()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】由題意可知A的最小值為3,B的等號(hào)成立條件不成立,D無(wú)最小值.6.(2020年新全國(guó)1山東)已知a>0,b>0,且a+b=1,則()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】ABD【解析】對(duì)于A,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號(hào)成立,故A正確;對(duì)于B,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故B正確;對(duì)于C,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號(hào)成立,故C不正確;對(duì)于D,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號(hào)成立,故D正確;故選:ABD7.(2020年天津卷)已知SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值為_(kāi)____.【答案】4【解析】SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0=4時(shí)取等號(hào),結(jié)合SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,或SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號(hào)成立.故答案為:SKIPIF1<08.(2020年江蘇卷)已知SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值是_______.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號(hào).∴SKIPIF1<0的最小值為SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.題組3含絕對(duì)值不等式9.(2021年全國(guó)甲卷)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.畫(huà)出SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0的圖像.若SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍.【答案】見(jiàn)解析【解析】易知SKIPIF1<0則SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0的圖像為由(1)中的圖可知,SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0左右平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位得到的結(jié)果,向右平移不合題意,向左平移至SKIPIF1<0的右支過(guò)點(diǎn)曲線,SKIPIF1<0上的SKIPIF1<0點(diǎn)為臨界狀態(tài),此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0右支的解析式為SKIPIF1<0,由點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0可知SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,若要滿足題意,則SKIPIF1<0要再向左平移,則SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為SKIPIF1<010.(2021年全國(guó)乙卷)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0.(1)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),求不等式SKIPIF1<0≥SKIPIF1<0的解集;(2)若SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍.【答案】(1)SKIPIF1<0;(2)SKIPIF1<0【解析】(1)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0≥SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0≥SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0≤SKIPIF1<0時(shí),不等式SKIPIF1<0≥SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0≤SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),不等式SKIPIF1<0≥SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0≥SKIPIF1<0時(shí),不等式SKIPIF1<0≥SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0≥SKIPIF1<0.綜上,原不等式的解集為SKIPIF1<0.(2)若SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0≥SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0(當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0≤SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號(hào)成立),所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0.11.(2020全國(guó)Ⅰ文理22)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0.(1)畫(huà)出SKIPIF1<0的圖像;(2)求不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集.【解析】(1)∵SKIPIF1<0,作出圖像,如圖所示:(2)將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像向左平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位,可得函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像,如圖所示:由SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,∴不等式的解集為SKIPIF1<0.12.(2020江蘇23)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,解不等式SKIPIF1<0.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,∴解集為SKIPIF1<0.題組4格西不等式13.(2021年浙江卷)已知平面向量SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.記平面向量SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0方向上的投影分別為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0方向上的投影為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值是.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0(當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),取得等號(hào)).14.(2019全國(guó)I文理23)已知a,b,c為正數(shù),且滿足abc=1.證明:(1);(2).【答案】(1)證明見(jiàn)解析(2)證明見(jiàn)解析.【解析】(1)因?yàn)?,又,故有,∴.?)因?yàn)闉檎龜?shù)且,故有=24.∴.1.下列不等式恒成立的是()A.SKIPIF1<0B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】B2.若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則一定有A.SKIPIF1<0B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】由SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,由不等式性質(zhì)知:SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<03.已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值為()A.20 B.24 C.25 D.28【解析】由題意SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí)等號(hào)成立.故選:C.4.若實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0滿足不等式組SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】如圖,繪出不等式組SKIPIF1<0表示的平面區(qū)域,然后通過(guò)平移直線SKIPIF1<0即可得出過(guò)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)SKIPIF1<0取得最小值SKIPIF1<0,無(wú)最大值,則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為SKIPIF1<0,故選:C.5.設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0滿足約束條件SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是A.[–3,0]B.[–3,2]C.[0,2]D.[0,3]【解析】不等式組的可行域如圖,目標(biāo)函數(shù)的幾何意義可得函數(shù)在點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0處取得最小值SKIPIF1<0.在點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0處取得最大值SKIPIF1<0,選B.6.(多選題)已知a>0,b>0,且a+b=1,則()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】對(duì)于A,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號(hào)成立,故A正確;對(duì)于B,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故B正確;對(duì)于C,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號(hào)成立,故C不正確;對(duì)于D,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號(hào)成立,故D正確;故選:ABD7.若SKIPIF1<0滿足約束條件SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值為_(kāi)___________.【解析】畫(huà)出不等式組表示的平面區(qū)域,如圖陰影部分,將SKIPIF1<0化為SKIPIF1<0,則數(shù)形結(jié)合可得,當(dāng)直線SKIPIF1<0過(guò)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0取得最小值為SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<08.設(shè),,,則的最小值為_(kāi)_________.【解析】,,,

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