Unit2 Reading and Thinking 詞匯精講課堂

版本：新人教單元：選擇性必修一

Unit2

(ReadingandThinking)詞匯課堂1.phrase詞塊：asetphrase2.persuade(說服)詞塊：persuadesbtodosth,persuadesbinto/outof(doing)sth(使信服)詞塊：persuadesbofsth,persuadesb/oneselfthat…3.switch詞塊：switchoff/on4.distantdi-(=dis-,apart分離)+st(tostand站立)+-ant(形容詞后綴)→分開站立的→遙遠(yuǎn)的(基本義)5.securese-(freefrom無)+cur(care關(guān)心)+-e→不需要關(guān)心的→安心的形容詞動詞化；派生詞：security6.applianceapply+-ance(名詞后綴)詞塊：turnon/offappliances,electrical/householdappliances7.remotere-(back向后)+mot(tomove移動)+-e→向后移動，越來越遠(yuǎn)→遙遠(yuǎn)的近義詞：distant；詞塊：aremotevillage,aremotecontrol本單元詞匯梳理8.automaticauto(self自己)+matic(think

思考)→自己思考的→自動的派生詞：automatically9.integrate&integratedintegrate—

integrated詞塊：integrate...into/with...10.sensorsense(感覺)+-or(名詞后綴)11.efficientef-(out出)+fic(make,do做)+-i+-ent(形容詞后綴)→能做出事來的→有效率的反義詞：inefficient詞族：efficient,efficiency,efficiently,inefficient12.mode詞塊：flight/energy-efficientmode13.routine詞塊：dailyroutine14.preferenceprefer—preference15.instantin-(into進(jìn)入)+st(tostand站立)+-ant→站在附近的、緊急待命的→立即的詞塊：instantcoffee/noodles,foraninstant,inaninstant,theinstant(that)…派生詞：instantly16.commandcom-(completely完全)+mand(命令)→命令詞塊：commandsbtodosth,commandthat...(should)dosth,haveagoodcommandof17.warningwarn(v

警告)+-ing；詞塊：issue/giveawarningto18.constantcon-(表示強調(diào))+st(tostand站立)+-ant(形容詞后綴)→始終站立的→不變的；派生詞：constantly19.abnormalab-(not非)+normal(正常的)

→不正常的、反常的20.criticalcrit(tojudge判斷)+-ic(名詞后綴)+-al(形容詞后綴)→愛作判斷的→批判的；挑剔的詞塊：becriticalto,criticalthinking,acriticalillness21.potential&potentiallypotential—potentially詞塊：achieve/fulfil(l)/reachone’s(full)potential22.leak一詞多義：基本義“漏”水隱喻：具體的“漏”水→抽象的“泄露”消息等23.electrical詞族：electric,electrical,electrically,electrician,electricity24.wire&wiringwire—wiring25.detectde-(不、非)+tect(tocover掩蓋)→不再被掩蓋→察覺、發(fā)現(xiàn)派生詞：detective26.relevant詞塊：(be)relevantto；反義詞：irrelevant27.fantasy派生詞：fantastic28.innovationin-

(into入)+nov

(new新的)+-ation

(表示結(jié)果)→引入新的思想、方法→創(chuàng)新、革新29.available英語釋義：abletobeusedorcaneasilybeboughtorfound30.structurestruct(tobuild

建造)+-ure(名詞后綴)→建造的狀態(tài)或行為→結(jié)構(gòu)、構(gòu)造重難點詞精講distant&constant&instant詞根一詞多義secure&security一詞多義形容詞動詞化persuade一詞多義搭配義switch英語釋義搭配義critical一詞多義potential&potentially熟詞生義available英語釋義command一詞多義persuade生活中有的時候我們不得不試圖說服別人。比如，你可能要說服朋友一起去看你最喜歡的電影，或是說服父母給你買某樣?xùn)|西。勸說是一門藝術(shù)，需要的不僅僅是口若懸河。你認(rèn)為應(yīng)該如何勸說別人呢？Wecan’tforcesomeonetodowhattheydon’twant.Theartofpersuasionistogetthemtowantwhatyouwant.

說服；勸服

(talkinto)：Sheisalwayseasilypersuaded.

persuadesbtodosth:Shepersuadedmetogotoadentalschool.

persuadesbinto(doing)sth:Imanagedtopersuademyclassmatesintoacceptingmyidea.2015浙江書面表達(dá)

persuadesboutof(doing)sth:Wepersuadedhimoutofhisfoolishplan.persuadevt注：表示“勸說”，但不一定“勸服”時，用trytopersuade。Shewouldtrytopersuadelocalbusinessleaderstocontributemoneytothecause.

2017北京改

使相信；使信服(convince)：

persuadesbofsth:I’mpersuadedofhishonesty.

persuadesb+that從句:IpersuadedhimthatIwastellingthetruth.persuadesb

后接that從句，sb不能省略【詞匯拓展】persuasionn[U]說服persuasiveadj

有說服力的persuadetalkintoconvince說服；勸服使相信；使信服程度遞進(jìn)persuade語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖開燈、關(guān)燈你會表達(dá)嗎？開燈

__________________thelight關(guān)燈

__________________thelightturnonturnoff開、關(guān)電視如何表達(dá)？開電視__________________theTV關(guān)電視__________________theTVturnonturnoff詞匯科普：早期的電器的開關(guān)鈕其實是旋轉(zhuǎn)開關(guān),多用turn,而現(xiàn)在都是平面開關(guān)，多用switch。switch/switchon/switchoff/switchon/switchoffn[C]

開關(guān)；電閘：turnon/offthe

lightswitch

驟變；突變vt&vi

改變；轉(zhuǎn)變tochangefromonethingtoanother：Heswitchedtheconversationfromonesubjecttoanother.

交換；調(diào)換to

exchangeonethingforanother：Weaskedthemiftheywouldswitchplaceswithus.強調(diào)“變”，重在change，常和from,to搭配強調(diào)“換”，重在exchangesthforsthelseswitch

名詞動詞化switchoff關(guān)上（電燈、電視等）；[非正式用語]

不聽；不理睬：HaveyoueverforgottentoswitchofftheTVorcomputer?人教新選必①–2Thankfully,I’velearnedtoswitchoffandletitgoovermyhead.switchon打開（電燈、電視等）：IhearthatsongwheneverIswitchontheradio.switchover改變；轉(zhuǎn)換：We’veswitchedovertomobilebanking.同義異構(gòu)：turnon同義異構(gòu)：turnoff

switch語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖

n

開關(guān)（基本義）強調(diào)“變”v

扳動開關(guān)名詞動化由開到關(guān)，由關(guān)到開，狀態(tài)瞬間發(fā)生徹底改變由具象到抽象

switch強調(diào)“換”驟變；突變改變；轉(zhuǎn)變交換；調(diào)換distantSothefurthestdistanceintheworldisnotintwodistanttrees.Itisthesamerootedbranchesbutcan’tdependoneachotherinthewind.所以世界上最遠(yuǎn)的距離不是樹與樹的距離而是同根生長的樹枝卻無法在風(fēng)中相依

——出自《世界上最遙遠(yuǎn)的距離》拉賓德拉納特·泰戈爾(RabindranathTagore，1861—1941)，印度詩人、文學(xué)家。代表作有《飛鳥集》(StrayBirds)、《新月集》(TheCrescentMoon)等。distantadjdi-（=dis-,apart分離）+st（tostand站立）+-ant（形容詞后綴）→分開站立的→遙遠(yuǎn)的（基本義）同根詞：constant:con-（表示強調(diào)）+st（tostand站立）+-ant（形容詞后綴）→始終站立的→不變的instant:

in-（into進(jìn)入）+st（tostand站立）+-ant（形容詞后綴）→站在附近的，緊急待命的→立即的

遙遠(yuǎn)的；遠(yuǎn)處的；久遠(yuǎn)的：Thetimewespenttogetherisnowadistantmemory.TheserocksprovedthatatonetimeinthedistantpasttheAntarcticwascoveredbyplants.?

疏遠(yuǎn)的；冷淡的：Patsoundedverycoldanddistantonthephone.?

[只用于名詞前]遠(yuǎn)親的

反close：Heismydistantcousin/relative.distantadjdistant

語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖distant遙遠(yuǎn)的基本義人和人之間關(guān)系“遙遠(yuǎn)的”親戚關(guān)系/血緣關(guān)系“遙遠(yuǎn)的”距離、時間“遙遠(yuǎn)的”遠(yuǎn)親的遙遠(yuǎn)的；遠(yuǎn)處的；久遠(yuǎn)的疏遠(yuǎn)的；冷淡的constantadj

固定的；不變的：aconstanttemperaturedriveataconstantspeed

［常用于名詞前］不停的；連續(xù)不斷的；持續(xù)的：Aconstantdroppingwearsawayastone.Sheneededconstantmedicalattention.詞匯拓展constantlyadv

經(jīng)常地；不斷地adj［常用于名詞前］立刻的；馬上的(immediate)；即食的：instantmessengeraninstantreplyinstantcoffee/noodlesn[C]［常用單數(shù)］瞬間；片刻(moment)：Icouldn’tanswerforaninstant.Inaninstant,hetookoffhiscoatandjumpedintothewater.2010陜西theinstant(that)一……就：Theinstant(=Assoonas)shestoppedaskingquestions,Igotupandwentoutoftheroom.instantlyadv

立即；馬上(immediately)instant

secure我們平時坐地鐵或火車時，都需要過安檢。那么“安檢”一詞怎么表達(dá)呢？

安心的；有把握的：She

feltsecure

whenshewaswithherfamily.

安全的

(safe)；穩(wěn)妥的；可靠的：asecurejob/income

牢固的；堅固的；穩(wěn)固的：Checkthatallwindowsanddoorsaresecure.Keepyourpassportinasecureplace.secureadjse-(without沒有)+cure(tocare關(guān)心)→不需要關(guān)心的→安心的安心的secure

（基本義）安心的；有把握的事情使人感到“安心的”人對境況感到“安心的”牢固的；堅固的；穩(wěn)固的secure語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖物體處于固定狀態(tài)讓人感到“安心的”安全的；穩(wěn)妥的；可靠的

使安全；保衛(wèi)；獲得：Worryingaboutcommunitysafety,Iprefertosecuremyhousewithnewtechnology.2013廣東

使……固定：Hesecuredtheropefirmlytothebackofthecar.Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet’sdownwitharock.2017全國

vt形容詞動詞化secure動詞釋義來源于形容詞，其詞源義及基本義為“tomakesafe”，即“使安全”。security看圖猜詞安檢securitycheck保安人員securityguardsecurityn

[U]

安全：asenseofsecurity

[U]安全工作；保安措施：securitychecks/camerasYouhavetostayawayfromthepaintingforsecurityreasons.2012

重慶改

[U]擔(dān)保；保障；[U]&[C]抵押品：

financialsecuritycommandcom-(completely完全)+mand(命令)→命令commandvt

指揮；命令：Thejudgecommandedsilence.①commandsbtodosth:Thecaptaincommandedhismentofire.②command+that...(should)dosth:Hecommandedthatthetroops(should)crossthewater.

獲得；贏得：LargefootballclubsbenefitfinanciallyfromTVincomeandthetopplayerscancommandverylargesalaries.2011江西

commandn

[C]命令anorderthatshouldbeobeyed：Asoldiershouldobeycommands.

[U]指揮；控制thecontrolofagroupofpeopleorasituation：Thefireofficertookcommand,orderingeveryonetoleavethebuilding.Hehas500menunderhiscommand.

[U]［常用單數(shù)］（尤指對語言的）掌握；運用能力theknowledgeofsthorabilitytousesth,especiallyalanguage：IhavesuchagoodcommandofEnglishthatIamelectedasassistanttomyEnglishteacher.2015陜西書面表達(dá)

[C]（計算機的）指令詞匯拓展commandern[C]司令官；指揮官；海軍中校crit(tojudge判斷)+-ic(名詞后綴)+-al(形容詞后綴)→愛作判斷的→批判的；挑剔的criticaladj

批判的；挑剔的：Studentsareencouragedtodevelopcriticalthinkinginsteadofacceptingeverythingtheyaretoldwithoutquestioningit.

嚴(yán)重的；危急的：Smarttoiletswillwarnyouearlyonifthereissomethingabnormalorifyouhaveacriticalillness.人教新選必①–2

緊要的；關(guān)鍵的extremelyimportant：Thefirst24hoursaftertheoperationarethemostcritical.Thesetalksarecriticaltothefutureofthepeaceprocess.critical你不能選擇你的潛能，但你可以選擇去發(fā)揮潛能。——西奧多·羅斯福potential西奧多·羅斯福（TheodoreRoosevelt，1858—1919），人稱老羅斯福，荷蘭裔美國軍事家、政治家、外交家，第26任美國總統(tǒng)，是美國歷史上最年輕的在任總統(tǒng)。羅斯福因成功地調(diào)停了日俄戰(zhàn)爭，獲得1906年的諾貝爾和平獎。他是第一個獲得此獎項的美國人。adj［只用于名詞前］可能的(possible)；潛在的likelytobecomeaparticulartypeofpersonorthinginthefuture：apotentialdisasterpotentialresources/customers/bossesn[U]潛能；可能性：achieve/fulfill/reachone’s(full)potentialHehasthepotentialtobecomeaworld-classmusician.potentiallyadv

潛在地；可能地potentialavailable看圖猜釋義availableadj

可用的；可得到的abletobeusedorcaneasilybeboughtorfound：

[不用于名詞前]（人）有空的(ofaperson)freetobeseen,talkedto,etc.：ColddrinkswillbeavailableattheSportsCenter.2009

天津Withalltheinformationavailable,theyfoundthehotelinthemountaineasily.Inthe1940s,electricitywasavailabletopeopleinalmostallareasoftheUnitedStates.2011

安徽改Therewillbefourbasketballcourtsavailableforourusewithoneteacherwatchingovereachgame.2010

福建Iwouldhavegonetomycousin’sbirthdaypartylastnight,butIwasnotavailable.2013

安徽availabilityn[U]可獲得性；可用/得到的人或物詞匯拓展?jié)h語中很難找到精準(zhǔn)的詞對應(yīng)，需借助英語釋義來理解1.Imanagedtopersuademyclassmatesintoacceptingmyidea.2015浙江書面表達(dá)2.IhavesuchagoodcommandofEnglishthatIamelectedasassistanttomyEnglishteacher.2015陜西書面表達(dá)3.Aconstantdroppingwearsawayastone.4.Hehasthepotentialtobecomeaworld-classmusician.本單元金句匯總隨堂檢測一、在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Hedecidedtopersuadehisgrandpa__________(set)thebirdfree.2.Getacoffeemachineforyourhomeoroffice,orpersuadeyourcompany_________buyingone.Tellthemitwillimproveproductivity（生產(chǎn)率）.（2010浙江）3.Myparentspersuademe_____theimportanceofgoingtocollege.intooftosetpersuade二、根據(jù)漢語，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1._________________________________（由于沒有說服我父母）,Ifailedtogotoamusicschool,wheremyinterestlay.(persuade)（2013湖北）2.ThereisnothingmoreIcan_________________________（勸說你留下來）,soIwishyougoodluck.3.Shedidn’treallywanttogotoBeijing,butTony_____________________（說服了她）somehow.4.Advertisements__________________（使我們相信）newerisbetterandthatwewillbehappierwiththelatestproducts.（2015安徽）Nothavingpersuadedmyparentstrytopersuadeyoutostaymanagedtopersuadeherpersuadeusthat寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.ShecouldswitcheasilyfromFrenchtoEnglish.______2.Accordingtotheairtrafficrules,youshouldswitchoff

yourmobilephonebeforeboarding.______3.Theswitchinthebathroomisbrokenandweneedanewoneforthelight.______4.Thiskindofboatcomeswithelectricpump（泵）.Andallyouhavetodoisjustswitchiton.______5.TomsaidhewouldswitchwithmeonSaturday.______6.CanIswitchovertothemoviechannel?______轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)掉開關(guān)打開它轉(zhuǎn)換調(diào)換switchdistant寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Tomanypeople,technologymeanscomputersorvehiclesthattraveltodistantplanets.（2019

天津改）

____________2.Iwouldliketohavemyownhouseinthedistantfuture.____________3.Afterthequarrel（爭吵）Sueremainedcoldanddistant.____________4.Ashley’sboyfriendisadistantrelativeofmine.____________5.Peacewasjustadistanthopeinthepast.____________6.Thelifeinthecountrysidehasbecomeadistantmemory.____________

遙遠(yuǎn)的遙遠(yuǎn)的將來冷淡的/疏遠(yuǎn)的遠(yuǎn)親遙不可及的遙遠(yuǎn)的回憶一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Itisimportanttostorewineata

constanttemperature._________2.Youuselesspetrolifyoudriveataconstantspeed._________3.TheForbiddenCityattractsaconstantstreamofvisitorseveryday,especiallyduringnationalholidays.（2013福建）_________4.TheEnglishlanguageisconstantlychanging._________二、將句子譯成英語。滴水穿石。_________________________________________________________絡(luò)繹不絕的游客不斷地constant恒溫勻速Aconstantdroppingwearsawayastone.一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Anewgovernmentcannotbringabout

instant

change._________2.Paulprefersinstantcoffeetotea._________二、根據(jù)所給漢語及提示，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1.______________（立即）hermoodhadchanged.(instant)2.Just______________（剎那間）Ithoughthewasgoingtorefuse.(instant)三、根據(jù)所給詞塊，將下列句子譯成英語。她一停止問問題，我就起身走出了房間。(theinstantthat)_________________________________________________________立刻的/立即的速溶咖啡Theinstantthatshestoppedaskingquestions,Igotupandwentoutoftheroom.instantInaninstantforaninstant寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Childrenneedtofeelsecureinordertodowellatschool._________2.Wewantasecurefutureforourchildren._________3.Shehasboughtabicycleandisworriedaboutsecurity._________4.It’sstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisonetoemployasecurity

guard._________5.Thisinsuranceplanoffersyourfamilyfinancialsecurityintheeventofyourdeath. _________6.Ifit’sachoicebetweenhigherpayandjobsecurity,I’dprefertokeepmyjob. __________安全保安經(jīng)濟(jì)保障secure&security安心的可靠的未來工作保障/工作穩(wěn)定command一、用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。1.Hecommandedthearmy___________(fire).2.Theboy’smothercommandedthattheboy_____________(clean)hisroom.二、根據(jù)漢語，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1.Sosomehavetolead,andsomemustfollow.Butwhoisto______________（指揮）?(commandn)2.Heisthecommanderofthearmy.Thatmeansthewholearmyis_________________________（由他指揮）.3.LearningEnglishneedspatienceandefforts;itisimpossibleto______________________（精通）aforeignlanguagewithinafewmonths.tofire(should)cleantakecommandunderhiscommandhaveagoodcommandof寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Thepatientisinacritical

condition._________2.Hemadesomehighlycritical

remarks._________3.Thetalksbetweenthetwoleadershavereachedacriticalstage.

_________4.Reducinglevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmosphereisofcriticalimportance._________關(guān)鍵的極其重要的critical危急的批判性的一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities.（2018北京改）___________2.TheEuropeanmarketplaceoffersexcellentpotentialforincreasingsales.