Unit4 詞匯精講課堂

詞匯課堂

版本：新人教單元：選擇性必修二Unit4重難點(diǎn)詞bound名詞動(dòng)詞化正式用語breath搭配義一詞多義peakfreezecontraryarise一詞多義owe

分詞形容詞形容詞后綴-y一詞多義搭配義一詞多義根據(jù)所給漢語，完成句子。We_________________（起床）earlythismorning.gotup/arose正式用語arisearisevi［正式用語］

（問題或困難）出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；產(chǎn)生(occur)：Whatproblemsmayarisewhenhumansarecloned?Anumberofhighbuildingshavearisenwheretherewasnothingayearagobutruins.2012山東

起床；起身；起立：Hearosefromhisseat.arisefrom/outof因……產(chǎn)生；由……引起：Accidentsoftenarisefrom/outofcarelessness.breathn

n[C]&[U]呼吸；氣息：takeadeepbreathdrawinabreathoffreshair常用搭配catchone’sbreath緩一口氣；歇口氣holdone’sbreath屏息；憋住氣outofbreath上氣不接下氣：Reachingthetopofthetower,hewasoutofbreath.takesb’sbreathaway令某人驚嘆詞匯拓展breathlessadj氣喘吁吁的；呼吸急促的：Iwasbreathlessafterclimbingthestairs.?breathlesslyadv上氣不接下氣地；氣喘吁吁地breathtakingadj激動(dòng)人心的；驚人的；令人驚嘆的breathev

vi&vt

呼吸：Whenwebreathe,theairgoesintoourlungs.Peopleareconcernedabouttheairqualitytheybreathe.常用搭配breathein吸氣；吸入：Breatheinandholdyourbreathforaslongaspossible.breatheout呼氣；呼出：TakeadeepbreathandthenbreatheoutwhenItellyouto.Humanstakeinoxygenandbreatheoutcarbondioxide.?breathingn[U]呼吸根據(jù)所給漢語，完成句子。Somethinggood__________________________（一定會(huì)）to

happen

intheendwhenyoudonotgiveup!（2009北京改）iscertain/sure/boundboundboundadj［無比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)，不用于名詞前］

必定的；一定的certaintodosth：(be)boundtodosth:You’vedonesomuchworkthatyou’reboundtopasstheexam.

準(zhǔn)備/正在到……去的；（車、船等）開往……的：aParis-boundplane(be)boundfor:ThetrainisboundforShanghai.vi

跳躍；跳躍著前進(jìn)：Pollycameboundingintotheroomholdingaletter.n［常用復(fù)數(shù)］范圍；一跳：gobeyond/withintheboundsJulie’sreadingisimprovinginleapsandbounds.peak的詞源義和基本義是“尖”peakn[C]

尖形；尖頭：thepeaksofaroof

山峰；山頂：amountainpeak

［常用單數(shù)］高峰；頂峰(height)：atthepeakofsb’scareerBy700AD,Mayacivilisationwasatitspeak.Trafficreachesitspeakbetween8and9inthemornings.peak詞源解讀山峰的“尖”物體的“尖”抽象事物的“尖”peakadj最高的；高峰的：peakhoursapeakseasonvi達(dá)到最高點(diǎn)；達(dá)到高峰：Windspeedspeakedat105milesperhouryesterday.peak

語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖物體的“尖”山峰的“尖”抽象事物的“尖”尖形；尖頭山峰；山頂高峰；頂峰尖（基本義）peakfreeze《冰雪奇緣》（Frozen）是2013年迪士尼出品的3D動(dòng)畫電影，于2013年11月27日在美國(guó)上映。該片改編自安徒生童話《白雪皇后》（TheSnowQueen），講述小國(guó)阿倫黛爾因一個(gè)魔咒永遠(yuǎn)地被冰天雪地覆蓋，為了尋回夏天，安娜公主和山民克里斯托夫以及他的馴鹿搭檔組隊(duì)出發(fā)，展開一段拯救王國(guó)的歷險(xiǎn)。影片中處處體現(xiàn)“追尋自我”“做回自己”“真情消融凍結(jié)的心”等元素，令觀眾心有觸動(dòng)。freeze的詞源義和基本義是“（使）結(jié)冰(turntoice)”。freezev

vi&vt（使）結(jié)冰：Thelakewasfrozenover.Freshwaterfreezesat0°C.

vi&vt（人）凍僵；（水管、機(jī)器等）凍?。篢womenwerefrozentodeathonthemountain.Ourwaterpipesfroze(up)lastwinter.freeze詞源解讀（使）人或物體“結(jié)冰”（使）液體“結(jié)冰”

vi（天氣）冰冷：Itmayfreezetonight,sobringthoseplantsinside.

vi&vt冷凍；冷藏：Tomatoesdon’tfreezewell.I’llbuyextrameatandjustfreezeit.

vi&vt停住不動(dòng)tostopmovingsuddenly：Freeze,orI’llshoot!Thesmilefrozeonhisface.2013湖北（使）空氣“結(jié)冰”（使）食物“結(jié)冰”（使）身體、笑容等“結(jié)冰”（使）結(jié)冰freeze（使）結(jié)冰基本義（使）液體“結(jié)冰”（人）凍僵；（水管、機(jī)器等）凍住停住不動(dòng)使）身體、笑容等“結(jié)冰”（使）人或物體“結(jié)冰”freeze語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖（天氣）冰冷（使）空氣“結(jié)冰”冷凍；冷藏（使）食物“結(jié)冰”詞匯拓展frozenadj

結(jié)冰的；凍僵的；冷凍的：Youmustbefrozen!Comeandsitbythefire.Americansalwaysdrivetosupermarketstobuycannedandfrozenfoodsfortheweek.2014陜西改freezingadj極冷的；冰凍的extremelycold：freezingpointn

[U]冰點(diǎn)：above/belowfreezingadv［非正式用語］極冷地：freezingcold根據(jù)漢語，寫出單詞的正確形式。We’regoodfriends,butwehave_________________（相反的）viewswhenitcomestoeducation.opposite/contrarycontrarycontraryn[C]［常與the連用］相反；反面；對(duì)立面：Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoftenresultsinthecontrarytoourintention.2008廣東onthecontrary正相反；恰恰相反：Hethoughthismarketingplanwasperfect,butonthecontrary,itwasnotanditfailed.tothecontrary相反的；相反地：UnlessIhearanythingtothecontrary,Ishallassumethemeetingwillbeheldontime.contraryadj相反的；相對(duì)的：haveacontraryopinion(be)contraryto:Contrarytopopularbelief,manycatsdislikemilk.Theresultswerecontrarytomyexpectation.ItistobooksthatIoweeverythingthatisgoodinme．—Gorky我身上所有優(yōu)秀的品質(zhì)都要?dú)w功于書籍?！郀柣鵲we馬克西姆·高爾基（MaximGorky，1868—1936），前蘇聯(lián)作家、詩(shī)人、評(píng)論家、政論家、學(xué)者。是社會(huì)主義、現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)奠基人，蘇聯(lián)文學(xué)的創(chuàng)始人。高爾基自傳體三部曲為《童年》《在人間》《我的大學(xué)》。他的代表作還有長(zhǎng)篇小說《母親》和劇本《小市民》等。他被授予列寧勛章，成為蘇聯(lián)共產(chǎn)黨中央委員會(huì)成員。他的誕生地被改名為高爾基市。owevt

欠（債）：owesbsth(forsth)/owesthtosb(forsth):Shestillowesherfather$5,000./Shestillowes$5,000toherfather.HowmuchdoIoweyouforlunch?2008天津

應(yīng)給予：owesbsth/owesthtosb:Iowehimanapology./Ioweanapologytohim.owe的詞源義是“tohave,own”，引申為“用擁有的去支付或償還”。其基本義為“應(yīng)償還”。owe詞源解讀

應(yīng)該把……歸功于：owesthtosth:Heoweshisgoodhealthtohisregularlife.Theseearlysettlersowedtheirsurvivaltohardworkanddeterminationtosucceed.owingto因?yàn)椋挥捎?becauseof)：Owingtobadweather,theflightwasdelayedforacoupleofhours.2012上海owe語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖應(yīng)償還owe（基本義）“應(yīng)償還”金錢“應(yīng)償還”解釋或歉意等欠（債）應(yīng)給予“應(yīng)償還”事情發(fā)生的原因應(yīng)該把……歸功于分詞形容詞——表示感受或看法用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，體會(huì)分詞形容詞。1.The___________(astonish)newsmadetheworld___________(astonish),andagreatmanypeopleexpressedtheiropinionsontheInternet.

2.Aftera___________(depress)trip,Ireturnedhomeso___________(depress)andspentmonthsinmybedroompainting,listeningtomusicandtryingtofindmyselfagain.（2017天津改）.3.Unlessyoucansleepwell,youwilllosetheabilitytofocus,planandstay___________(motivate)afteroneortwonights.（2018江蘇）4.Achievinggoalsisamajor___________(motivate)factorforanyone.astonishedastonishingdepressingdepressed將上面的分詞形容詞分類：

表示人的感受：____________________________________________表示人/物給人帶來的感受：________________________________astonished,depressed,motivatedastonishing,depressing,motivatingmotivatedmotivating名詞動(dòng)詞化寫出下列句子中畫線詞的漢語釋義。1.Asthundercrashedinthesky,atrainthunderedpast,shakingthewholehouse.

__________2.Myfridgeisnotcoolingandthefreezerisfrostingup.MaybeIshouldbuyanewfrost-freefridge.__________3.Itsnowedheavilylastnight,andthegroundwascoveredwiththicksnow.

__________

4.Seeingherleavinginthepouringrain,Ifelttearsraindownmycheeks.

__________5.Themorningwasquitebrightwithnocloudsinthesky,butitcloudedoverintheafternoon.__________英語中有很多名詞可轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞，常表示具有該名詞的活動(dòng)特點(diǎn)或性質(zhì)特征的動(dòng)作。例如，表示天氣的名詞?？赊D(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞。轟隆隆地移動(dòng)結(jié)霜下雪雨點(diǎn)般落下布滿云/陰云密布形容詞后綴-y形容詞后綴-y可加在名詞后構(gòu)成形容詞，意為“充滿……的(fullof)”或“有……特質(zhì)的（characterisedby）”。dirt（污垢）+-y→dirtyadj

mist（薄霧）+-y→mistyadj

frost（霜）+-y→frostyadj

trick（詭計(jì)；花招）+-y→trickyadjsport（運(yùn)動(dòng)）+-y→sportyadj

smell（氣味）+-y→smellyadjsteel（鋼）+-y→steelyadjskin（皮膚）+-y→skinnyadjboss（老板）+-y→bossyadj

stick（棍/條狀物）+-y→stickyadj

臟的多霧的結(jié)霜的/嚴(yán)寒的棘手的/難對(duì)付的愛好（或擅長(zhǎng)）體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的/（衣服）適合運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)穿著的有臭味的/發(fā)臭的鋼鐵般的/堅(jiān)定的極瘦的/皮包骨的（像老板一樣）愛指揮人的黏的隨堂檢測(cè)arise寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Thenextmorning,thetwogirlsaroseearlytotakethetraintoLakeLouise.___________2.Moreproblemslikethoseatthenuclearpowerplantarecertaintoarise.

___________3.Emotionalormentalproblemscanarisefromaphysicalcause.___________4.Shouldtheneedariseforextrastaff,wewillcontactyou.___________起床

出現(xiàn)/發(fā)生

由……引起

如果需要

breath根據(jù)所給漢語，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1.Jack____________________（深吸一口氣）andthendivedintothewater.

2.Slowdown,Ineedto____________________（緩一口氣）.

3.____________________（屏住呼吸）andcounttoten.

4.Ericcamerunningintotheroom,__________________（上氣不接下氣）.5.Theviewfromthetopwill____________________（令你驚嘆）.tookadeepbreathcatchmybreathHoldyourbreathoutofbreathtakeyourbreathaway寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Whenyouaredealingwithsomanypatients,mistakesareboundtohappen.___________2.WetriedtogetseatsonaRome-boundflight.___________3.Heboundedupthestepsandpushedthebellofthedoor.___________4.Herhealthhasimprovedinleapsandbounds.___________在所難免

開往羅馬的

跳上bound迅速寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Themountainpeakwascoveredwithsnow.___________2.TheBritishEmpirewasatitspeakinthemid19thcentury.___________

3.Theathletesareallinpeakcondition.___________4.Weneedextrahelpduringthepeakseason.___________5.Oilproductionpeakedintheearly1980s.___________山峰

處于全盛時(shí)期處于巔峰狀態(tài)peak旺季達(dá)到了最高峰一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Howdoesitlivewheremostfishwouldfreezetodeath?（2008福建）___________2.Canyoufreezethiscake?___________

3.Thelakehadfrozenovernight.___________4.Whenfacedwithsomanyoptions,thelionchoosestofreezeandwaitinsteadofattackingthemanholdingthechair.（2014全國(guó)）___________5.Thesmilefrozeonhisface;hismouthfellwideopen.（2013湖北）

___________6.Salarieshavebeenfrozenforthecurrentyear.

___________freeze凍死冷藏結(jié)冰停住不動(dòng)僵住凍結(jié)二、根據(jù)所給漢語，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1.Thefirstthinghedidwastofindshelterfromthe________________（刺骨的寒風(fēng)）andsnow.（2015北京）2.Panicsetin,butMarycouldnotrun—shewas________________（