《生態(tài)茶園建設(shè)與管理》-課件：任務(wù)8 茶樹移栽

Teaseedlingtransplanting茶苗移栽茶苗移栽確定種植密度2.挖種植溝與施底肥3.茶苗移栽Teaseedlingtransplanting1.Plantingdensity2DigtheplantingtrenchWithbasefertilizer3Transplanttheteaseedlings種植密度考慮因素：（1）茶樹品種：如喬木型的云南大葉茶，其行、叢距要適當(dāng)放寬，行距應(yīng)放寬至1.8米，叢距40厘米左右；灌木型的中、小葉種，行、叢距以1.5米×0.3米，每叢定苗2～3株為宜。Plantingdensityconsiderations:(1)Teatreevarieties:suchastree-typeYunnanlargeleaftea,therowandclusterdistanceshouldbeappropriatelyrelaxed,therowdistanceshouldberelaxedto1.8meters,andtheclusterdistanceisabout40centimeters;Shrubtypeofmediumandsmallleafspecies,therowandclusterdistanceto1.5meters×0.3meters,eachclustersetseedlings2to3plantsisappropriate.種植密度考慮因素：（2）栽植區(qū)域的氣候條件：一般按地區(qū)條件來(lái)說(shuō)，年平均氣溫較低的、海拔較高的山區(qū)，為了提高茶樹群體對(duì)不良環(huán)境的抗逆性，適當(dāng)?shù)卦黾臃N植密度和培養(yǎng)低型的茶樹較為合適，以減少低溫嚴(yán)寒對(duì)茶樹的影響，行距可縮小到1.0～1.3米，叢距可縮小到20厘米左右；反之，行、叢距就要適當(dāng)?shù)胤艑挕lantingdensityconsiderations:(2)Climaticconditionsoftheplantingarea:Generallyspeakingaccordingtoregionalconditions,inordertoimprovetheresistanceofteatreegroupstotheadverseenvironment,itismoreappropriatetoincreasetheplantingdensityandcultivatelow-typeteatreesappropriately,soastoreducetheimpactoflowtemperatureandcoldonteatrees,therowspacingcanbereducedto1.0~1.3meters,andtheclusterdistancecanbereducedtoabout20cm;Onthecontrary,therowandclusterdistanceshouldbeappropriatelyrelaxed.種植密度考慮因素：（3）栽植區(qū)域的地勢(shì)與土壤條件：坡度小、土層深厚肥沃，結(jié)構(gòu)良好的土壤，管理水平較高的茶園，其行、叢距以1.5米×0.3米為宜，并適當(dāng)?shù)卦黾用垦ǚN植株數(shù)；反之，坡度較大，土層淺薄，土質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)較差，管理水平又不高的茶園，行、叢距應(yīng)酌情縮小。Plantingdensityconsiderations:(3)Theterrainandsoilconditionsoftheplantingarea:smallslope,deepandfertilesoillayer,well-structuredsoil,andhighmanagementleveloftheteagarden,itsrowandclusterdistanceto1.5meters×0.3metersisappropriate,andappropriatelyincreasethenumberofplantingtreesperhole;Onthecontrary,theslopeislarge,thesoillayerisshallow,thesoilstructureispoor,andthemanagementlevelisnothigh,therowandclusterdistanceshouldbereducedasappropriate.種植密度考慮因素：（4）機(jī)械化作業(yè)要求：要適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代栽培模式的要求，在規(guī)劃栽植密度時(shí)，還要考慮未來(lái)的機(jī)械化采摘、修剪、施肥等，因此必要時(shí)可以適當(dāng)加大行距，以適應(yīng)機(jī)械化操作。Plantingdensityconsiderations:(4)mechanizedoperationrequirements:toadapttotherequirementsofmoderncultivationmode,intheplanningofplantingdensity,butalsoconsiderthefuturemechanizedpicking,pruning,fertilization,etc.,soifnecessary,youcanappropriatelyincreasetherowspacingtoadapttomechanizedoperation.種植密度考慮因素：Plantingdensityconsiderations:挖種植溝與施底肥：Diggingplantingtrenchesandapplyingbottomfertilizer:1.茶苗規(guī)格：GB11767-2003茶樹種苗茶苗移栽：無(wú)性系大葉品種一足齡扦插苗質(zhì)量指標(biāo)級(jí)別Grade苗齡Seedlingage苗高/cmSeedlingheight/cm莖數(shù)φ/mmStemnumberφ/mm側(cè)根數(shù)/根Numberoflateral品種純度/(%)Breedpurity/(%)Ⅰ一年生Annuals≥30≥4.0≥3100Ⅱ一年生Annuals≥25≥2.5≥2100Teaseedlingtransplanting:1.Teaseedlingspecification:GB11767-2003teatreeseedlingQualityindexofone-footcuttingsoflargeleafvarietiesofclones1.茶苗規(guī)格：GB11767-2003茶樹種苗茶苗移栽：無(wú)性系中小葉品種苗木質(zhì)量指標(biāo)級(jí)別Grade苗齡Seedlingage苗高/cmSeedlingheight/cm莖數(shù)φ/mmStemnumberφ/mm側(cè)根數(shù)/根Numberoflateral品種純度/(%)Breedpurity/(%)Ⅰ一足齡Onefullage≥30≥3.0≥3100Ⅱ一足齡Onefullage≥20≥2≥2100Teaseedlingtransplanting:1.Teaseedlingspecification:GB11767-2003teatreeseedlingQualityindexofseedlingsofmediumleafletvarietiesinclones2.移栽時(shí)期

Transplantperiod茶苗移栽：茶苗移栽的最適宜時(shí)期是在茶苗地上部處于休眠時(shí)或雨季來(lái)臨之前，移栽容易成活。此外，應(yīng)根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)貧夂蛱攸c(diǎn)，選擇空氣濕度大和土壤含水量高的時(shí)期或雨季來(lái)臨之前移栽茶苗，應(yīng)避免在干旱和嚴(yán)寒時(shí)期移栽。Teaseedlingtransplanting:Themostsuitabletimeforteaseedlingtransplantingiswhenthegroundpartofteaseedlingisdormantorbeforetherainyseason,whichiseasytosurvive.Inaddition,accordingtothelocalclimatecharacteristics,teaseedlingsshouldbetransplantedwhentheairhumidityishighandthesoilmoisturecontentishighorbeforetherainyseason,andshouldavoidtransplantingindroughtandcoldperiods.3.移栽技術(shù)

Transplantingtechniques茶苗移栽：（1）移栽前多帶土：起苗前2～3天，應(yīng)在苗圃灌1次水，使土壤濕潤(rùn)，減少起苗時(shí)根系損傷。起苗后用黃泥漿水蘸根，防止根系失水。Teaseedlingtransplanting:(1)Bringmoresoilbeforetransplanting:2to3daysbeforeseedlings,watershouldbefilledonceinthenurserytomoistenthesoilandreducerootdamageduringseedling.Afterseedling,diptherootwithyellowmudwatertopreventrootwaterloss.3.移栽技術(shù)Transplantingtechnique茶苗移栽：（1）定

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Planting：Teaseedlingtransplanting:茶苗移栽：（1）定

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Planting：Teaseedlingtransplanting:

為提高茶苗移栽成活率，做到栽前起苗多帶土，種植時(shí)掌握技術(shù)要領(lǐng)，栽后做好管苗護(hù)苗工作。為了達(dá)到起苗多帶土的目的，起苗前2～3天，應(yīng)在苗圃灌1次水，使土壤濕潤(rùn)，減少起苗時(shí)根系損傷。如土壤砂性太重，不易帶土，應(yīng)在起苗后用黃泥漿水蘸根，防止根系失水。Inordertoimprovethesurvivalrateofteaseedlingtransplanting,itisnecessarytobringmoresoilbeforeplanting,masterthetechnicalessentialswhenplanting,anddoagoodjoboftubeseedlingprotectionafterplanting.Inordertoachievethepurposeofmoresoil,2to3daysbeforeseedling,watershouldbefilledonceinthenurserytomoistenthesoilandreducerootdamageduringseedling.Ifthesoilistoosandyandnoteasytobringsoil,itshouldbedippedinyellowmudwaterafterseedlingtopreventrootwaterloss.3.移栽技術(shù)

Transplantingtechnology茶苗移栽：（2）定植后管理Post-plantingmanagement：Teaseedlingtransplanting:

栽植好后應(yīng)在離地15厘米左右處進(jìn)行修剪。有條件時(shí)，可搭建遮陽(yáng)網(wǎng)，并在栽種行上鋪上雜草、鋸木屑、蕨類、糠殼、蒿稈、稻草等，以減少水分蒸發(fā)，保持土壤水分。移栽后，如出現(xiàn)連續(xù)晴天，一般隔3～4天要澆水一次，每次澆水要注意澆透，使根部附近的土壤保持濕潤(rùn)狀態(tài)，并加強(qiáng)中耕、除草、施肥等培育管