《生態(tài)茶園建設(shè)與管理》-課件：任務(wù)14 茶葉采摘

TeaPicking茶葉采摘目錄Contents茶葉采摘既是茶葉生產(chǎn)的收獲過(guò)程，也是茶園增產(chǎn)提質(zhì)的重要樹(shù)冠管理措施。Teapickingisnotonlytheharvestingprocessofteaproductionbutalsoanimportantcanopymanagementmeasuretoincreaseproductionandimprovethequalityofteaplantations.一、采摘標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Pickingstandards三、采摘時(shí)期Pickingperiod二、留葉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Standardsofleafkeeping四、采摘技術(shù)要求Pickingtechnicalrequirements合理采摘(reasonablepicking)：一、采摘標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Pickingstandards是指在一定的環(huán)境條件下，通過(guò)采摘技術(shù)，借以促進(jìn)茶樹(shù)的營(yíng)養(yǎng)生長(zhǎng)、控制生殖生長(zhǎng)，協(xié)調(diào)采與養(yǎng)、量與質(zhì)之間的矛盾，從而達(dá)到多采茶、采好茶、提高茶葉經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的目的。Reasonablepickingundercertainenvironmentalconditionspromotesvegetativegrowthandcontrolsthereproductivegrowthofteatrees.Finally,toachievethebalanceofpickingandmaintenance,therebyimprovingteaqualityandyield.合理采摘的主要技術(shù)內(nèi)容包括以下三個(gè)內(nèi)容，分別為：Themainrequirementsofreasonablepickingincludethefollowingthreecontents:1.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)采：按一定的芽葉數(shù)量和嫩度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行采摘。1.Standardpicking:pickingaccordingtoacertainconditionofleavesandtenderness.一、采摘標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Pickingstandards2.留葉采（中心環(huán)節(jié)）：根據(jù)茶樹(shù)不同發(fā)育時(shí)期，不同發(fā)育狀況，留一定數(shù)量真葉采摘，以培養(yǎng)樹(shù)勢(shì)，延長(zhǎng)采摘期和高產(chǎn)期。2.Leaf-keepingpicking(Important):Accordingtothedifferentdevelopmentstagesandconditionsofteatrees,acertainnumberoftherealleavesareleftwhilepicking,tocultivatetreevigorandextendthehigh-yieldpickingperiod.一、采摘標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Pickingstandards3.適時(shí)采：根據(jù)采摘標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和留葉，及時(shí)、分批、多次采。3.Pickattherighttime:Accordingtotherequirementsforpickingandleaf-keeping,timely,batchandmultiplepicking.一、采摘標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Pickingstandards標(biāo)準(zhǔn)采即采摘的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是指從一定的新梢上采下芽葉的大小與多少。采摘標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分細(xì)嫩采、適中采、成熟采三大類。Standardpicking:pickingacertainsizeandnumberofbudsandleavesfromyoungshootThepickingstandardsaredividedintothreecategories:tenderpicking,moderatepicking,andmaturepicking.一、采摘標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Pickingstandards細(xì)嫩采是高檔名優(yōu)茶的采摘標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，指采摘茶芽萌發(fā)膨大或1－2片嫩葉初展時(shí)的鮮葉。Tenderpicking

isforhigh-endtea,

whichreferstopickingfreshleaveswhentheteabudsgerminateandexpandorwhen1-2youngleavesfirstunfold.一、采摘標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Pickingstandards一、采摘標(biāo)準(zhǔn)PickingstandardsBudonly(specialgrad)Onebudandoneleaf(firstgrad)Onebudandtwoleaves(secondgrad)適中采這是紅、綠茶最普遍的采摘標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，指采摘一芽二、三葉和同等嫩度的對(duì)夾葉的鮮葉。Moderatepickingisthemostcommonpickingstandardforblackteaandgreentea.Itreferstopickingfreshleaveswithonebudandtwoorthreeleaves,orleavesofequaltenderness.一、采摘標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Pickingstandards成熟采這是部分特種茶采用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，指采摘一芽三、四葉，一芽五、六葉的鮮葉。Maturepickingisthestandardadoptedbysomespecialteas,whichreferstopickingfreshleaveswithonebudwiththreeorfourleaves,andonebudwithfiveorsixleaves.一、采摘標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Pickingstandards采摘標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的確定Determinationofpickingstandards：依據(jù)加工茶類的要求確定采摘標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Determinepickingstandardsbasedonrequirementsforprocessedtea名優(yōu)紅綠茶：采1芽、1芽1葉初展或1芽2葉初展Famousblackteaandgreentea:pick1bud,1budand1leaf,or1budand2leaves一、采摘標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Pickingstandards大宗紅綠茶：采1芽2、3葉Ordinaryblackteaandgreentea:pick1bud,2or3leaves黃茶：采1芽至1芽4、5葉Yellowtea:pick1budto1budand4or5leaves黑茶：采1芽5、6葉的成熟枝梢Darktea:pickmaturebrancheswith1budand5or6leaves一、采摘標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Pickingstandards白茶：采1芽至1芽2葉Whitetea:pick1budto1budand2leaves青茶：采1芽3、4葉Oolongtea:pick1budand3or4leaves一、采摘標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Pickingstandards依據(jù)新梢生育和氣候特點(diǎn)確定采摘標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Determinepickingstandardsbasedonnewshootgrowthandclimatecharacteristics例：龍井茶原料的采摘。Example:PickingofLongjingtea.清明前后：采單芽、1芽1、2葉初展；BeforeandaftertheQingmingFestival:picksinglebuds,1budand1,2leavesfirstunfold一、采摘標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Pickingstandards采摘標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的確定Determinationofpickingstandards：例：龍井茶原料的采摘。Example:PickingofLongjingtea.谷雨后：采1芽2葉和1芽3葉初展及同等嫩度對(duì)夾葉AfterGrainRain:Pick1budwith2leavesand1budwith3leavesatthebeginningofdevelopmentandthesametenderness,thencliptheleaves夏季：采1芽3葉開(kāi)展及同等嫩度對(duì)夾葉等。Summer:Pick1budand3leavestounfoldandcliptheleaveswiththesametenderness.一、采摘標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Pickingstandards二、留葉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Standardsofleafkeeping留葉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是指采去芽葉后留在新梢上葉片的多少。Thestandardofleafkeepingreferstothenumberofleavesleftontheyoungshootsafterteapicking.適當(dāng)?shù)牧羧~養(yǎng)樹(shù)，能維持茶樹(shù)正常而旺盛的生長(zhǎng)勢(shì)。留葉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分為打頂采、留真葉采、留魚葉采三類。Properleaf-keepingcanmaintainthevigorousgrowthofteatrees.Thestandardsofleaf-keepingaredividedintothreecategories:toppicking,trueleaf-keepingpicking,andfish-shapedleaf-keepingpicking.打頂采：指新梢展葉5－6片葉子以上，或新梢即將停止生長(zhǎng)時(shí)，采一芽二、三葉，留三、四片真葉。（這種方式以養(yǎng)為主：采高養(yǎng)低、采頂留側(cè)，促進(jìn)分枝，培養(yǎng)樹(shù)冠。）Toppicking:whenthenewshootshavemorethan5-6leaves,orwhenthenewshootsareabouttostopgrowing,onebudandtwoorthreeleavesarepicked,leavingthreeorfourtrueleaves.(Pickterminalbudtopromotelateralbranchgrowthandobtainfoliagecover.)二、留葉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Standardsofleafkeeping二、留葉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Standardsofleafkeeping留真葉采：指新梢長(zhǎng)到一芽三、四葉或一芽四、五葉時(shí)，采一芽二、三葉，留一、二片真葉。（這是一種采養(yǎng)結(jié)合的采摘方式）。Trueleaf-keepingpicking:Itmeansthatwhentheyoungshootsgrowtoonebudwiththreeorfourleavesoronebudwithfourorfiveleaves,onebudwithtwoorthreeleavesshouldbepicked,leavingoneortwotrueleaves.(Thisisapickingmethodthattakesintoaccountbothconsumptionwithmaintenance)二、留葉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Standardsofleafkeeping留一葉Keeponetrueleaf二、留葉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Standardsofleafkeeping留二葉Keeptwotrueleaves留魚葉采：指采下芽或一芽一至三葉，只留魚葉，這是以采為主的采摘方式。Fishshapeleaf-keepingpicking:Itreferstopickingoffthetopyoungbudsandleaves,onlytokeepthefishshapeleaf.Thisisthemainpickingmethod.留魚葉Fishshapeleaf-keeping二、留葉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Standardsofleafkeeping留葉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的確定：根據(jù)樹(shù)勢(shì)確定留葉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Determinationofleaf-keepingstandards:basedontreevigor.幼年茶樹(shù)以養(yǎng)為主Youngteatreesaremainlymaintained二足齡：超60cm，進(jìn)行打頂采。Two-year-oldtrees:toppickingwhentheheightexceeds60cm二、留葉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Standardsofleafkeeping三足齡：春季打頂采，夏季留真葉采，秋季留魚葉采。Three-year-oldtrees:toppickinginspring,trueleaf-keepingpickinginsummer,andfish-shapedleaf-keepingpickinginautumn.四足齡：春夏留真葉采，秋季留魚葉采。Four-year-oldtrees:trueleaf-keepingpickinginspringandsummer,fish-shapedleaf-keepingpickinginautumn.二、留葉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Standardsofleafkeeping成年茶樹(shù)以采為主Matureteatreesaremainlyforharvesting管理水平高的，茶樹(shù)長(zhǎng)勢(shì)好的，葉片多的茶園全年留魚葉采。管理水平一般的茶園春夏留一葉采，秋留魚葉采。fish-shapedleaf-keepingpickingallyearroundwhenteatreeshavegreatfoliagecoverwithgoodmanagementlevelsandgoodtreevigor.Otherwise,onetrueleaf-keepingpickinginspringandsummer,fish-shapedleaf-keepingpickinginautumn.二、留葉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Standardsofleafkeeping更新茶樹(shù)以養(yǎng)為主Teatreesintherecoveryperiodaremainlymaintained重修剪：春梢不采，夏茶打頂采，秋茶留魚葉采。Heavypruning(Prunebranchesabove30-40cmfromtheground):nopickinginspring,toppickinginsummer,andfish-shapedleaf-keepingpickinginautumn.二、留葉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Standardsofleafkeeping臺(tái)刈后茶樹(shù)：頭年春夏不采，秋茶末打頂采。第二年夏茶打頂采，秋茶留魚葉。Aftermowing:nopickinginthefirstspringandsummer,toppickinginautumn.Fromthesecondyear,toppickinginspringandsummer,fish-shapedleaf-keepingpickinginautumn.二、留葉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Standardsofleafkeeping三、采摘時(shí)期Pickingperiod采摘時(shí)期是指茶樹(shù)新梢在生長(zhǎng)期間，根據(jù)采摘標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和留葉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而確定的各茶季開(kāi)采期和停采期。Thepickingperiodreferstothepickingandstop-pickingperiodwhichisdeterminedaccordingtothepickingstandardsandleaf-keepingstandardsduringeachteaseasonwhentheyoungshootsofteatreesgrow.開(kāi)采期Startpickingperiod手采的開(kāi)采期：一般為茶園中有10%－15%的新梢達(dá)到采摘標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和留葉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)即可開(kāi)采。Whentostarthand-picking:10%-15%oftheyoungshootsintheteaplantationmeetthepickingstandardsandleaf-keepingstandards.三、采摘時(shí)期Pickingperiod開(kāi)采期Startpickingperiod機(jī)采的開(kāi)采期：一般為春茶以一芽二、三葉和同等嫩度的對(duì)夾葉比例達(dá)到70%－80%，夏、秋茶因持嫩性差，達(dá)到60%時(shí)開(kāi)采。Whentostartmechanicalpicking:generally,inspring,one-tipwithtwoorthreeleaves,orthesametendernessleavesreaches70%-80%inplantationandaround60%insummerandautumnduetothehightemperature.三、采摘時(shí)期Pickingperiod停采期Stoppickingperiod指一年中結(jié)束采摘工作的時(shí)間，也稱封園。江北茶區(qū)10月上旬就可停采，華南茶區(qū)可采至12月份。Referstothetimeofyearwhenpickingworkends,alsoknownasplantationclosure.InChina,teaplantationinthenorthoftheYangtzeRivercanstopharvestinginearlyOctober,whiletheteaplantationinSouthChinacanstopharvestinguntilDecember.三、采摘時(shí)期Pickingperiod手采技術(shù)：手采分掐采、提手采、雙手采三種采摘方式。Handpicking:pinchpicking,liftpickingandtwohandspicking四、采摘技術(shù)要求Pickingtechnicalrequirements掐采：指食指和拇指的指尖夾住嫩芽或細(xì)嫩的一芽一葉，折斷采下。適合呈細(xì)嫩采摘，速度慢，效益低。Pinchpicking:Usethetipsofyourindexfingerandthumbtopinchthebudsortenderleaves,breakshootsoffandpluckthem.Suitablefortenderpicking,slowspeedandlowefficiency.四、采摘技術(shù)要求Pickingtechnicalrequirements掐采Pinchpicking提手采：指掌心向下或向上，用拇指指尖和食指?jìng)?cè)面夾住新梢，向上稍用力采下。Liftpicking:Withthepalmofyourhandpointingdownwardsorupwards,holdtheyoungshootbetweenthetipofyourthumbandthesideofyourindexfinger,andpullitoutwithalittleforce.提手采Liftpicking四、采摘技術(shù)要求Pickingtechnicalrequirements雙手采：動(dòng)作和提手采的手法相同，主要是兩手比較靠近，相互配合，交替進(jìn)行，把符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的芽葉采下。Twohandspicking:Themovementsarethesameasliftpicking.Themainthingisthattwohandscancooperatewitheachother,makepickingfaster.手采技術(shù)要求Handpickingtechnicalrequirements:快、凈、低、平。Fast,notenderleavesresidue,,flat.四、采摘技術(shù)要求Pickingtechnicalrequirements雙手采Twohandspicking四、采摘技術(shù)要求Pickingtechnical