乳腺癌護(hù)理講課

演講人：日期：乳腺癌護(hù)理講課目錄CONTENTSIntroductiontoBreakCancerSurgicalInterventionsforBreakCancerRadiationTherapyforBreakCancerTreatment目錄CONTENTSChemotherapyRegimensinBreastCancerCareHormonaltherapiesinBreadCancerManagement01IntroductiontoBreakCancerDefinitionBreadcancerisamalignanttumorthatdevelopsinthebreadissue,commonlyoriginatingfromthecellsofthebreadproductsorbubblesTypesThereareseveraltypesofbreastcancer,includingducalcancer(themostcommontype),loosecancer,andotherdrawerformssuchasinflammatorybreastcancerandPaget'sdiseaseoftheappleDefinitionandTypesofBreakCancerEpidemiologyandRiskFactorsBreadcanceristhemostcommoncanceramongwomenworldwide,withincidenceratesvaryingbyregionEpilogyRiskfactorsforbreastcancerincludeage,familyhistory,geneticmutations(suchasBRCA1andBRCA2),hormonalfactors(suchasearlymenarche,latemenopause,andnullicity),andlifestylefactors(suchasalcoholconsumption,objectivity,andlakeofphysicalactivity)RiskFactorsCommonsignsandsymbolsofbreadcancerincludealumporthickeninginthebread,nickeldischarge,skindippingorpumping,andchangesinbreadsizeorshapeSignsandSymptomsDiagnosisofbreastcancertypicallyinvolvesaphysicalexamination,mammogram,ultrasound,and/orbiopsyStagingofthecancerisalsodeterminedbasedonthesizeofthetumor,lymphnodeinvolvement,andboththecancerhasmetastasizedDiagnosisSigns,Symptoms,andDiagnosisTreatmentOptionsTreatmentoptionsforbreastcancerdependonthestageandtypeofcancerandmayincludesurgery(suchaslungcancer,cancer,andlymphnodedissection),radiationtherapy,chemotherapy,hormonetherapy,andtargetedtherapyMultidisciplinaryApproachBreakcancertreatmentofteninvolvesamultidisciplinaryteamofhealthcareprofessionals,includingsurgeons,oncologists,radiologists,pathologists,andnuts,whoworktogethertodevelopanindividualizedtreatmentplanforeachpatientTreatmentOptionsOverview02SurgicalInterventionsforBreakCancerTypesofSurgicalProceduresLumignomyRemovalofthetutorandasmallamountofsurroundingissues,oftenfollowedbyradiationtherapyMastectomyRemovaloftheentirebread,whichmaybepartial(removingonlythebreadissue)ortotal(removingthebreadissueandnickel)LimphNodeDissectionRemovalofLimphnodesintheaxilla(armpit)toassessforcancerspreadandaidinstagingReconstructiveSurveillanceProcedurestorestoretheappearanceofthebreadaftermaster,eitherimmediatelyorasadelayedprocedurePatientEducationProvidinginformationabouttheprocedure,expectedoutcomes,andproactivecareOfferingcounselingandsupporttohelppatientsscopewiththeemotionalaspectsofthediagnosisandtreatmentCompletingnecessarytestssuchasbloodwork,imagingstudies,andelectrocardiogramtoensurethatthepatientishealthyenoughforsurgeryInstructionsonskincare,sharing,andavoidingtheuseofcancerproductsnearthesurgicalsitePsychologicalSupportPreoperationalTestingPreparingtheSurgicalSitePreoperativePreparationandCarePainManagementAdministeringmedicineandotherinterventionstocontrolpainanddiscomfortInstructionsoncareforthesurgicalincision,includingcleaninganddressingchangesGentleexercisestomaintainrangeofmotionandpreventstiffnessCloseobservationforsignsofinfection,blending,orotherpositivecompositesWoundCareArmandShoulderExercisesMonitoringforComplicationsPostoperativeCareandComplicationsPreventionIndividualizedexerciseprogramstorestorestrength,flexibility,andendurancePhysicalTherapyTechniquestoreduceswitchinginthearmandhandcausedbylymphnoderemovalLymphedemaManagementOngoingcateringandsupportgroupstohelppatientsadjusttochangesinbodyimageandself-examinationEmotionalSupportRegularvisitswithhealthcareproviderstomonitorrecoveryanddetectanyrecurrenceofcancerFollowupCareRehabilitationandRecoveryProcess03RadiationTherapyforBreakCancerTreatmentLocalizedTreatmentRadiationtherapytargetsspecificareas,deliveringhighenergyraystodestroycancercellswhileminimizingdamagetosurroundinghealthissuesDoseFractionationRadiationistypicallyadministeredinfractions,orsmalldoses,overaperiodofseveralweekstoallownormalcellstorecoverbetweentreatmentsCombinationTherapyRadiationisoftenusedincombinationwithsurgery,chemotherapy,orhormonetherapytoenhancetreatmenteffectivenessPrinciplesofRadiationTherapy要點(diǎn)三FatigueManagementFatigueisacommonsideeffectofradiationtherapyPatientsareadvisedtorest,preserveenergy,andengageinlightphysicalactivitiesastolled0102SkinCareRadiationcancauseskininflammationanddrynessPatientsareinstructedtousegenecleaners,asideextremecultures,andapplymobilizersasrecommendedbytheirhealthcareteamNutritionalSupportAbalanceddiehighinproductandvitaminscanhelpthebodyheatandreducetheseverityofsideeffects03SideEffectsManagementDuringRTGentlecleaningwithlukewarmwaterandamilksoap,followedbypatchingdrywithasofttowel,isrecommendedCleaningandDryingPatientsshouldavoidusinghashsoaps,perfects,deodorants,orotherproductsthatmayinitiatetheskininthetreatmentareaAvoidanceofIrritantsRegularapplicationofamill,unscentedmoisturizercanhelpkeeptheskinhydratedandreducediscomfortMoisturizationSkinCareDuringRadiationTherapyFibrosisRadiationcancausescarringandthickeningoftheskinandunderlyingissues,knownasfibrosisThiscanleadtodiscomfortandlimitedrangeofmotionHeartandLungEffectsLongtermexposuretoradiationmayincreasetheriskofheartandlungproblems,althoughmodernradiationtechniquesaredesignedtominimizethisriskSecondaryCancersAlthoughray,radiationtherapymayincreasetheriskofdevelopingasecondcancerinthetreatedareaornearbyissuesLymphedemaRadiationtherapymayincreasetheriskoflymphaticfluid,aconditioncharacterizedbyswinginginthearmorbreadduetoaccumulationoflymphaticfluidLongTermEffectsofRadiationExposure04ChemotherapyRegimensinBreastCancerCareAlkylatingagentsThesedrugsinterferewiththegrowthofcancercellsbydamagingtheirDNACommonalkylatingagentsusedinbreastcancertreatmentincludingcyclophosphamideandifosfamideAntimetabolitesThesedrinkslimitthestructureofnormalcellmetabolites,whichareinterferingwithDNAandRNAsynthesisCommonantimetabolitesusedinbreastcancerchemotherapyincludingmethodologyandfluorouracilTypesofChemotherapeuticAgentsUsedAnticyclolinesThesedrugsinterferewiththeenzymesthathelpinthereplicationofDNA,whichhinderscancercellgrowthDoxorubicinandepirubicinarecommonantibioticsusedinbreastcancertreatmentTaxanesThesedrugspreventcancercellsfromdividingbyinterferingwiththemicrotubleswithinthecellCommontaxesusedinbreastcancerchemotherapyincludepaclitaxelanddocetaxelTypesofChemotherapeuticAgentsUsedIntravenousadministrationMostchemotherapeuticagentsareadministeredintravenously,eitherasabolusinjectionorasacontinuousinfusionThedoseandscheduleofadministrationdependonthespecificdrugbeingused,thestageandtypeofbreastcancer,andthepatient'soverallhealthstatusOraladministrationSomechemotherapeuticagents,suchascapecitabine,canbetakenorallyThesedrugsaretypicallysubscribedonaspecificschedule,withdoseadjustmentsmadebasedonthepatient'stoleranceandresponsetotreatmentAdministrationRoutesandDosageConsiderationsAdministrationRoutesandDosageConsiderationsDosageconsiderationsDosageadjustmentsmaybenecessaryforpatientswithrenalorhepaticinjury,aswellasforthoseexperiencingmultiplesideeffectsItisimportanttoclosemonitorpatientsreceivingchemotherapyandadjustdosagesaccordingtoensureoptimaltreatmentoutcomeswhileminimizingtoxicityNauseaandinvoicingChemotherapydrinkscancausenauseaandinvoicing,whichcanbesevereanddebilitatingAntimedicalexaminationsaretypicallysubscribedtopreventandtreatthesesymptomsFatigueFatigueisacommonsideeffectofchemotherapyandcanbeseverePatientsareresourcedtorestandpreservetheirenergyduringtreatmentManagingSideEffectsofChemotherapyDrugsHairlossManychemotherapydrugscausehairloss,whichcanbeemotionallydistressingforpatientsSupportingcaremeasures,suchasprovidinginformationaboutwigandscaroptions,canhelppatientsscopewiththissideeffectBloodcellsuppressionChemotherapycansuppresstheproductionofbloodcells,leadingtoanimia,neopenia,andthrombocytopeniaRegularbloodtestsareperformedduringtreatmenttomonitorbloodcellcounts,andsupportivecar