現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的用法異同

現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的用法異同現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞用法之異同

現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的用法異同歷來是學(xué)習(xí)中的難點和高考測試的重點。眾所周知，兩種分詞的區(qū)別很多，但它們之間的根本區(qū)別是：

過去分詞在時態(tài)上強(qiáng)調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成，在語態(tài)上側(cè)重于被動；而現(xiàn)在分詞在時態(tài)上強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行，在語態(tài)上側(cè)重于主動。這種根本的區(qū)別具體體現(xiàn)在兩種分詞分別充當(dāng)?shù)母鞣N句子成份中。細(xì)述如下：一、分詞作定語

共同點：分詞作定語時，如果分詞只是一個單詞，那么，該分詞就位于其所修飾的名詞之前；如果是分詞短語，那么，該短語就位于其所修飾的名詞之后，它的作用相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。

不同點：分詞作定語時，被分詞所修飾的名詞就是該分詞的邏輯主語。但現(xiàn)在分詞與邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系，所表示的動作一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示被動關(guān)系，所示動作一般發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前或同時發(fā)生。1.Therewasaterriblenoise____thesuddenburstoflight.

A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed

簡析：首先，根據(jù)語法分析可知，句子后半部分是一個作定語、修飾noise的分詞短語；再根據(jù)句意“一陣閃電之后，接著就是一聲巨響?！笨芍?，巨響應(yīng)是主動，緊接在閃電之后的。因此，該題應(yīng)選B。2.TheOlympicGames,____in776B.C.,didn’tincludewomenuntil1912.

A.firstplaying B.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayed D.tobeplaying

簡析：首先，根據(jù)語法分析可知，待選部分是一個作定語、修飾TheOlympicGames的后置分詞短語；再根據(jù)TheOlympicGames對于動詞play來說只能是被動承受，且已完成(in776B.C.)。因此，該題應(yīng)選C。3.What’sthelanguage____inGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak

簡析：該題應(yīng)選B。測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動，等于定語從句whichisspoken4.Mostofthepeople____tothepartywerefamousscientists.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.inviting簡析：該題應(yīng)選A。測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動，等于定語從句whowereinvited5.Mostoftheartists____tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited簡析：該題應(yīng)選A。測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動，等于定語從句whowereinvited6.Thecomputercentre,____lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened簡析：該題應(yīng)選D。測試過去分詞短語作定語放在所修飾的名詞后，可以用非限制性定語從句“whichwasopenedlastyear”代替7.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written簡析：該題應(yīng)選D。測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動，等于定語從句whichwerewritten二、分詞作表語

共同點：分詞作表語時，它起著形容詞的作用。

不同點：分詞作表語時，句子的主語就是該分詞的邏輯主語。但現(xiàn)在分詞作表語時，與其邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系，所表示的動作的一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示被動關(guān)系，所示動作一般發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前或同時發(fā)生。1.Thisnewssounds____.A.encouragingB.encouragedC.encourageD.toencourage簡析：首先，根據(jù)語法分析可知，待選部分在句中應(yīng)作表語，因為sounds在此句中用作連系動詞；再根據(jù)Thenews對于動詞encourage來說應(yīng)是主動關(guān)系，即這個消息本身就鼓舞人心。因此，該題應(yīng)選A。2.-HowdidBobdointheexamsthistime?-Well,hisfatherseems____withhisresults.A.pleasingB.pleaseC.pleasedD.toplease簡析：首先,根據(jù)語法分析可知,待選部分在句中應(yīng)作表語。因為seems在此句中用作連系動詞;再根據(jù)hisfather對于動詞please來說應(yīng)是被動關(guān)系,即這個結(jié)果使他的父親高興;換言之,他的父親因為受到這個結(jié)果的刺激而感到高興。因此,該題應(yīng)選C。3.-Howdidtheaudiencereceivethenewplay?-Theygotvery____.A.exciteB.excitedC.excitedlyD.exciting簡析：該題應(yīng)選B。測試他們被那出新戲所打動。三、分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語

共同點：分詞在復(fù)合賓語中可作賓語補(bǔ)足語，對句子的賓語起補(bǔ)充或說明作用。

不同點：分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，句子的賓語就是該分詞的邏輯主語。但現(xiàn)在分詞與其邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系，所表示的動作一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示被動關(guān)系，所示動作一般發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前或同時發(fā)生。1.Thenextmorningshefoundtheman____inbed,dead.A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying簡析:首先,根據(jù)語法分析可知,待選部分在句中應(yīng)作賓補(bǔ),補(bǔ)充說明賓語theman;再根據(jù)賓語theman對于動詞lie來說應(yīng)是主動關(guān)系,而且,lie這個動作與謂語動詞found同時進(jìn)行。因此,該題應(yīng)選A。2.-Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?-I’dliketohavethepackage____,madam.A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed簡析:首先,根據(jù)語法分析可知,待選部分在句中應(yīng)作賓補(bǔ),補(bǔ)充說明賓語thepackage;再根據(jù)thepackage對于動詞weigh來說,只能是被動關(guān)系。因此，該題應(yīng)選D。3.IcanhardlyimaginePeter____acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.A.sail B.sailing C.tosailD.tohavesailed簡析:該題應(yīng)選B。測試動詞imagine后要求跟動名詞,Peter是動名詞的邏輯主語。4.Ifyouwaveyourbookinfrontofyourface,youcanfeeltheair____againstyourface.A.movedB.movingC.movesD.tomove簡析:該題應(yīng)選B。測試使役動詞后用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示賓語正發(fā)出的動作。四、分詞作狀語

共同點：分詞作狀語時，一般在句子中作時間、原因、方式或伴隨等狀語。

不同點：分詞作狀語時，句子的主語就是該分詞的邏輯主語。但現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，與其邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系，所表示的動作一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示被動關(guān)系，所示動作一般發(fā)生謂語動詞之前或同時發(fā)生。1.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,____itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makes C.made D.tomake簡析：首先，根據(jù)語法分析可知，待選部分在整個句中應(yīng)作狀語；再根據(jù)Europeanfootball對于make來說應(yīng)是主動關(guān)系，即歐洲足球使之本身成為一項最受世人歡迎的運動。因此，該題應(yīng)選A。2.____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.Notreceiving B.ReceivingnotC.Nothavingreceived D.Havingnotreceived簡析：該題應(yīng)選C。測試非謂語動詞的否定式是在其前直接加not。若動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前時用非謂語的完成式。3.ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,____thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.havingadded B.toaddC.addingD.added簡析：該題應(yīng)選C。測試現(xiàn)在分詞可以作補(bǔ)充說明的狀語。4.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid____tothenotice.A.angrilypointing B.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointed D.andangrilypointing簡析：該題應(yīng)選A。測試現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，通過副詞angrily進(jìn)行干擾。若B答案為andpointedangrily時也對。另外，分詞作狀語時，如果其邏輯主語與整個句子的主語不一致時，需要獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)來替代。(此時，也可把該分詞看成介詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語。)例:Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands____behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtied C.tobetiedD.tied簡析：很顯然，待選部分的邏輯主語是hishands，而不是句子的主語Themurderer,而hishands對于動詞tie來說，只能是被動承受。因此，該題應(yīng)選D。1.Icannotunderstand_____suchawell-paidjob.A.himtogiveup B.himtohavegivenupC.hisgivingup D.hisbeinggivenup2.Jane’ssummervacationinEnglandledto_____anEnglishman.A.hermarry B.hertomarry C.herbeingmarried D.hermarrying3.Shewassadbecauseof_____anychanceleft.A.therebeingnot B.therenotbeing C.nottherebeing D.therewasnot4.Ifyouthinkaletteristooslow,whynot_____atelegram?A.trytohavesent B.tryingtosend C.totrytosend D.trysending5.Thereisnochance_____himtoday.A.inseeing B.toseeing C.ofseeing D.aboutseeing6.Iknowyoulike_____.Wouldyoulike_____withmenow?A.toswim,toswim B.swimming,swimmingC.swimming,toswim D.toswim,swimming7.Before_____,themachinemustbechecked.A.beingused B.usingit C.beingusedto D.using8.Togiveup_____means_____.A.smoking,stoppingsmoking B.smoking,tostopsmokingC.tosmoke,tostoptosmoke D.tosmoke,stoppingtosmoke9.—Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?—Oh,excellent.It’sworth_____asecondtime.A.toread B.reading C.toberead D.beingread10.“Whathasmadeyousoupset?”“________mynewbike.”A.Lost B.Becauseoflosing C.SinceIlost D.Losing11.Istillremember_____toBeijingwhenIwassix.A.totakeB.takingC.havingtakingD.havingbeentaken12.Someforeignerusedto_____ontheleftintheirowncountries,butnowtheyhavegotusedto_____ontherightinourcountry.A.driving,drive B.drive,drive C.drive,driving D.driving,driving13.Heremained____there,forhegrew____inmanythingsthere.A.staying,interesting B.staying,interested C.tostay,interest D.stayed,interested14.Itisimportantforparentsandyoungpeopletolearnhowtogetthroughtoeachotheranddevelopskillinunderstandingand_____.A.beingunderstood B.tobeunderstood C.understand D.understood15._____moretreesisgoodforhealthanditisalsoimportanttostopwastefromfactories_____oursurroundings.A.Toplant,pollute B.Planting,topollute C.Plant,polluting D.Planting,polluting16.Iwouldappreciate_____backthisafternoon.A.youtocall B.youcall C.yourcalling D.you’recalling17.Howaboutthetwoofus_____awalkdownthegarden?A.totake B.take C.taking D.tobetaking18.“Thelightintheofficeisstillon.”“Oh,Iforgot_____.”A.turningitoff B.turnitoff C.toturnitoff D.havingturneditoff19.“Imustapologizefor_____aheadoftime.”“That’sallright.”A.lettingyounotknow B.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownot D.lettingnotyouknow20.Ithappened______whenIleftthestation,soIhadtowaituntiltherainstopped.A.toberaining B.tohaverainedC.torain D.raining21.____moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.Given B.Togive C.GivingD.Havinggiven22.Climbingmountainswas____,soweallfelt____.A.tiring;tiredB.tired;tiringC.tiring;tiringD.tired;tired23.The____morning,thefathercameintothelonelyhouse,____byhisnaughtyboy.A.following;following B.followed;followedC.following;followed D.followed;following24.____thesepictures,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedayswhenIwasinBeijingand____fromthetopofathirty-storeyedbuilding,Beijinglooksmoremagnificent.A.Seeing;seenB.Seen;seeingC.Seeing;seeingD.Seen;seen25.MrsWhitewasgladtoseethenurse____afterhersonandherdaughterandwasalsopleasedtoseechildrenwell____careofin