翻譯二級筆譯綜合能力閱讀分類模擬題155

翻譯二級筆譯綜合能力閱讀分類模擬題155ReadingComprehension

"Whatdoesthemiddlemandobutaddtothepriceofgoodsin（江南博哥）theshops?"Suchremarksareaimedattheintermediateoperationsbetweenmanufacturersandfinalcustomers.Thispracticeusuallyattractsalotofattentionfromthepublicandthepressandtheoperationmosttalkedaboutiswhatisoftencalledwholesaling.

Thewholesalerbuysgoodsinlargequantitiesfromthemanufacturersandsellstheminsmallerparcelstoretailers,andforthisservicehissellingpricetotheretailerisraisedseveralpercenthigher.Buthisjobismademoredifficultbyretaildemandnotnecessarilyrunninglevelwithmanufacturers'production.Becauseheadjustsorregulatestheflowofgoodsbyholdingstockuntilrequired,hefreesthemanufacturer,tosomeextent,fromtheeffectonproductionofchangingdemandandhavingtobearthewholerisk.

Themanufacturercanthenkeepupasteadyproductionflow,andtheretailerhasnoneedtoholdheavystocks,whocancallonthewholesalerforsuppliesanytime.Thiswholesalefunctionislikethatofavalveinawaterpipe.Themiddlemanalsobearspartoftheriskthatwouldotherwisefallonthemanufacturerandalsotheretailer.

Thewholesalerprovidesapurelycommercialservice,forwhichheistoowellrewarded.Butthepointthatismissedbymanypeopleisthatthewholesalerisnotjustsomeoneaddingtothecostofgoods.Itistrueonecouldeliminatethewholesalerbutonewouldstillbeleftwithhisfunction:thatofmakingsurethatgoodsfindtheirwaytothepeoplewhowantthem.1.

"Middleman"inthepassagealmostequalstoallthefollowinginmeaningEXCEPT______.A.go-betweenB.intermediaryC.manufacturerD.wholesaler正確答案：C[解析]本題考查詞義理解。根據(jù)文章第一段前兩句“'Whatdoesthemiddlemandobutaddtothepriceofgoodsintheshops?'Suchremarksareaimedattheintermediateoperationsbetweenmanufacturersandfinalcustomers.”可知，Middleman應(yīng)該是負責制造商和客戶之間的業(yè)務(wù)。Middleman“經(jīng)紀人，中間人”；go-between“媒介者，中間人”；intermediary“中間人，調(diào)解人”；wholesaler“批發(fā)商”；manufacturer“制造業(yè)者，廠商”。由此可知，答案是C。

2.

"Thispractice"inParagraph1mostprobablyreferstothefactthatthemiddleman______.A.increasesthepricesintheshopsB.buysfromyouandsellstomeC.aimsremarksatmanufacturersD.interfereswithendusercustomers正確答案：B[解析]本題考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第一段后兩句“Suchremarksareaimedattheintermediateoperationsbetweenmanufacturersandfinalcustomers.Thispracticeusuallyattractsalotofattentionfromthepublicandthepressandtheoperationmosttalkedaboutiswhatisoftencalledwholesaling.”可知，practice指代上文的intermediateoperationsbetweenmanufacturersandfinalcustomers，所以是指批發(fā)商的行為。

3.

Thewholesalerobtainshighersellingpricesfor______.A.smallparcelshesellsB.goodshebuysinbulkC.theserviceheprovidesD.theinformationheoffers正確答案：C[解析]本題考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句中的“Thewholesalerbuysgoodsinlargequantitiesfromthemanufacturersandsellstheminsmallerparcelstoretailers,andforthisservicehissellingpricetotheretailerisraisedseveralpercenthigher.”可知，批發(fā)商賣上高價錢是因為他的服務(wù)。

4.

Amiddleman'sworkmaybecomedifficultbecause______.A.manufacturersruntheirproductiononamuchhigherlevelB.marketdemandmaynotbethesameasindustrialproductionC.retailersarenotnecessaryinrunningtheirretailingbusinessD.retailersdemandlowerlevelsthanthosedemandedbymanufacturers正確答案：B[解析]本題考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句的“...hisjobismademoredifficultbyretaildemandnotnecessarilyrunninglevelwithmanufacturers'production.”可知，中間商的工作變得困難是因為零售需求與生產(chǎn)商的產(chǎn)品不同。

5.

Thewholesalerregulatestheflowofgoodsby______.A.runninglevelwithmanufacturers'productionB.holdingdownstockofcommoditiesC.keepingstockforstrongerdemandD.adjustingthepricesofgoodsintime正確答案：C[解析]本題考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段第三句“...heregulatestheflowofgoodsbyholdingstockuntilrequired.”可知，批發(fā)商通過存現(xiàn)貨以便需求來管理貨物流量。所以，答案是C。

6.

Themiddlemanrelievestheproducerof______.A.fluctuatingmarketdemandandstayingatriskB.theproductionofcommoditiesfortheretailmarketC.someextentofproductionofchangingdemandD.storinggoodsinawarehouseuntiltheyareneeded正確答案：A[解析]本題考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“Hefreesthemanufacturer,tosomeextent,fromtheeffectonproductionofchangingdemandandhavingtobearthewholerisk.”可知，一定程度上，中間商會使生產(chǎn)商免受需求變化和承擔風險的影響。據(jù)此推斷，答案是A。

7.

Whatfunctionofthewholesaleriscomparedtoavalve?A.Controllingtheflowofgoods.B.Pushingupdemandfromretailers.C.Bearingpartoftheriskformanufacturers.D.Sellinggoodstoretailers.正確答案：A[解析]本題考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句話“Themanufacturercanthenkeepupasteadyproductionflow,andtheretailerhasnoneedtoholdheavystocks,whocancallonthewholesalerforsuppliesanytime.”可知，制造商可以保持一個穩(wěn)定的生產(chǎn)流程，零售商不必擁有大量現(xiàn)貨，隨時可以向批發(fā)商請求供貨。批發(fā)商控制貨物流動的功能就像一個閥門。

8.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Peoplecannotdowithoutthewholesaler'sfunction.B.Thefunctionofthewholesalerdoesnotaddtothecostofgoods.C.Thewholesalerhelpstoreducethepriceofgoodsinshops.D.Thewholesaleriswellpaidforhiscommercialservice.正確答案：D[解析]本題考查是非判斷。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句“Thewholesalerprovidesapurelycommercialservice,forwhichheistoowellrewarded.”可知，D項正確。A項“人們離不開批發(fā)商”，根據(jù)第四段第三句“onecouldeliminatethewholesaler”可知，A項不正確，故排除；第二段第二行中提到批發(fā)商賣給零售商時價格提高了百分之幾，第四段中提到someoneaddingtothecostofgoods，所以B、C兩項也不正確。

9.

Theauthorquitepossiblybelievesthatthefunctionofthewholesaleris______.A.goodbuttoocostlyB.necessarybutharmfulC.removablebutnecessaryD.acceptablebutunnecessary正確答案：C[解析]本題考查作者態(tài)度。根據(jù)文章最后一句“Itistrueonecouldeliminatethewholesalerbutonewouldstillbeleftwithhisfunction:thatofmakingsurethatgoodsfindtheirwaytothepeoplewhowantthem.”可知，你可以沒有批發(fā)商，但是他的功能還是在的。即批發(fā)商并不是必不可缺的，但是必要的。

10.

Whichofthefollowingtitlesismostappropriateforthispassage?A.TheGreedyWholesalersB.TheWholesalersinthePublicEyeC.ARetailMarketwithWholesalersD.CanWeDowithouttheWholesaler?正確答案：D[解析]本題考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了批發(fā)商的作用，特別是文章的最后一句話點明了文章的主旨。A項內(nèi)容在文中并沒有相關(guān)支持信息，B、C兩項也不正確。

Students:PassorFail

Whenstudentswhoaretakingacourseforregulargradesarecomparedwithstudentswhoaretakingthesamecourseonapass-failbasis,thegradedstudentsachievedhighergrades.Thecomparisonismadepossiblebynottellingtheinstructorwhichstudentsaretakingthecourseonthepass-failbasisandhavinghimorherassignlettergradestoallstudents.Theregistrarconvertsthesetopass-failforthosestudentswhohadpreviouslyelectedthisoption.Thisprovisionisincludedtoprotectthepass-failstudentsfrompossibleinstructorbias.

Thedataclearlyshowthatthereisadifferenceingradesbetweenthetwogroupsofstudentsinthesameclass,thoseelectingtotakethecourseforpass-failandthosetakingthecourseforregularlettergrades.Theinterpretationsofthisdifference,however,varywidely.Someclaimthatthisdifferenceprovesthatpass-failstudentssimplydon'tworkashardortakethecourseseriouslyasstudentstakingthecourseforlettergrades.Otherclaimthatthisdifferenceprovesthatonlythelesscompetentstudentselectthepass-failoption.Othersclaimthatthisdifferenceprovesthatstudentsonlytaketheirmostdifficult(forthem)coursesunderthepass-failoptionandthereforeareexploringareastheymightotherwiseattempttoavoid.Othersclaimthatthisdifferenceprovesthatstudentsusethepass-failoptiononlyincourseswheretheteacherissopersonallyuninspiringastoneedthethreatoflettergradesinordertogoadthestudentsintostudying.

What,infact,dothedatareallyprove?Nothing,otherthanthatadifferenceingradesdoesindeedexitbetweenthetwogroups.Allthepreviouslymentionedexplanationsareonlyhypotheses,thatis,guessesaboutthepossiblereasonforthedifference.Oneorevenseveralofthesehypothesesmighteventuallybeprovedvalid,butatpresentnoneofthestudiesreallyprovesanyofthehypotheses.Yet,inthehandsofastatisticalcharlatan,thedatamayseemtoanunsophisticatedaudiencetoprovewhateverheorshesaystheyprove.

Themostcommonerrorinreadingandinterpretingresearchstudiesisassumingthatacasualfactorhasbeenisolatedwhen,infact,ithasnot.Aswillbeseen,moststudiesinthefieldofeducationalpsychologydonotallowforacause-and-effectinterpretation,andyetitisextremelytemptingthemasthoughtheydid.Thisisprobablythemajorboobytrapawaitingtheunwarystudent.Justbecausetwovariablesareassociateddoesn'tnecessarilymeanthatoneisthecauseoftheother.11.

Accordingtothefirstparagraph,howtheexperimentisdesigned?A.Studentsaredividedintotwogroupsbytheinstructor.B.Thetwogroupsofstudentsactuallyattenddifferentcourses.C.Thechoicestotakethecourseindifferentwaysaremadebystudentsthemselves.D.Studentstakethelettergradesoptiongetapass-failresult,andstudentstakethepass-failoptiongetlettergrades.正確答案：C

12.

WhatdoesthisexperimentpossiblyproveEXCEPT:A.Thedifferenceofthetwogroupsprovesthatstudentstakingthecourseforlettergradesworkharderthanthosepass-failstudentsB.Thedifferenceofthetwogroupsprovesthatcompetentstudentswouldprobablychoosethelettergradesoption.C.Thedifferenceofthetwogroupsprovesthatagoodteacherusuallyresorttothepass-failoptiontoarousestudents'enthusiasm.D.Ifthecourseistoodifficult,studentsintendtochoosethepass-failureoption.正確答案：C

13.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsisright?A.Thedatafromthisexperimentprovesallthehypothesesright.B.Someofthehypothesescannotbesupportedbythedatafromtheexperiment.C.Thedatawegotisnotconvincingenoughforustobelievethehypotheses.D.Thehypotheseshavenogroundsincethedatacanbeexplainedinanarbitraryway.正確答案：D

14.

Whatdoestheword'booby'meaninthirdparagraph?A.Useless.B.Foolish.C.Useful.D.Smart.正確答案：B

15.

Whichoneofthefollowingfactorsmakesawrongresultinreadingandinterpretingresearch?A.Thefactorthataffectstheresearchhasnotbeenexcluded.B.Theexperimentmakerchoosesthewrongobject.C.Theexperimentfailstomakeonceagain.D.Therearetoomanyuncertaintiesduringtheprocessoftheexperiment.正確答案：A

TherearebothgreatsimilaritiesandconsiderablediversityintheecosystemsthatevolvedontheislandsofOceaniainandaroundthePacificOcean.Theislands,suchasNewZealand,thatwereoriginallypartsofcontinentsstillcarrysomesmallplantandanimalremnantsoftheirearlierbiota(animalandplantlife),andtheyalsohavebeenextensivelymodifiedbyevolution,adaptation,andthearrivalofnewspecies.Bycontrast,theotherislands,whichemergedviageologicalprocessessuchasvolcanism,possessednoterrestriallife,butoverlongperiods,winds,oceancurrents,andthefeet,feathers,anddigestivetractsofbirdsbroughttheseedsofplantsandafewspeciesofanimals.Onlythosespecieswithwaysofspreadingtotheseislandswereabletoundertakethelongjourneys,andthevariousfactorsatplayresultedindiversecombinationsofnewcolonistsontheislands.Oneestimateisthatthedistributionofplantswas75percentbybirds,23percentbyfloating,and2percentbywind.

ThemigrationofOceanicbiotawasgenerallyfromwesttoeast,withfourmajorfactorsinfluencingtheirdistributionandestablishment.Thefirstwasthesizeandfertilityoftheislandsonwhichtheylanded,withlargerislandsabletoprovidehospitalityforawiderrangeofspecies.Second,thefurthereasttheislands,generallythelessthespeciesdiversity,largelybecauseofthedistancethathadtobecrossedandbecausetheeasternislandstendedtobesmaller,morescattered,andremote.Thiseasterlydeclineinspeciesdiversityiswelldemonstratedbybirdsandcoralfish.Itisestimatedthattherewereover550speciesofbirdsinNewGuinea,127intheSolomonIslands,54inFiji,and17intheSocietyIslands.FromthewestacrossthePacific,theBismarckArchipelagoandtheSolomonIslandshavemorethan90familiesofshorefish(withmanyspecieswithinthefamilies),Fijihas50families,andtheSocietyIslandshave30.Third,thelatitudeoftheislandsalsoinfluencedthebioticmix,asthoseislandsinrelativelycoolerlatitudes,notablyNewZealand,wereunsuitedtosupportingsomeofthetropicalplantswithwhichPacificislandsaregenerallyassociated.

Finally,afourthmajorfactorinspeciesdistribution,andindeedintheshapingofPacificecosystems,waswind.IttakeslittleexperienceonPacificislandstobeawarethatthereareprevailingwinds.Tothenorthoftheequatorthesearecallednorth-easterlies,whiletothesouththeyarecalledsouth-easterlies.Furthersouth,fromabout30°south,thewindsaregenerallyfromthewest.Asaresultonnearlyeveryislandofsignificantsizethereisanecologicaldifferencebetweenitswindwardandleeward(awayfromthewind)sides.Apartfromthewindactionitselfonplantsandsoils,windhasamajoreffectonraindistribution.TheBigIslandofHawaiiisoftencitedasaprimeexample;onecanleaveKonaontheleewardsideinbrilliantsunshineanddriveacrosstothewindwardsidewherethecityofHiloisblanketedinmistandrain.16.

ThewordremnantsinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.remaindersB.remindersC.reproductionsD.resemblances正確答案：A[解析]題干中remnants意為“遺跡；遺骸”，只有A項remainders(剩余物，殘存物)與其意思相近，故正確答案為A項。

[參考譯文]在太平洋以及周圍的大洋洲島嶼上的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)之間，存在極大的相似性，同時也具有多樣性。像新西蘭這樣的島嶼，本是大陸的一部分，如今島上依然存在早期生物群(動植物生命)的一些小型動植物遺存，并且經(jīng)過進化、適應(yīng)，以及新物種的影響，它們普遍得到改良。相比之下，在火山作用等地質(zhì)過程形成的島嶼上不存在生物，但經(jīng)過漫長歲月，風、洋流、鳥類的爪子、羽毛和消化道帶來植物種子和外來動物種類。只有這些物種才能夠長途跋涉到達其他島嶼，在各種因素共同作用下導(dǎo)致不同島上存在著不同的“殖民者”。植物物種的傳播途徑估計主要有3種：75%靠鳥類傳播；23%隨海水漂流；2%依靠風。

大洋洲生物群的遷移一般是從西向東，主要有4個因素影響其分布和形成。首先是它們登陸的島嶼的大小和土壤肥沃程度，大型島嶼能夠容納更多的物種。其次，島嶼越偏東，生物多樣性越少，主要是考慮到遷徙距離，而且因為東部島嶼往往更小、更分散、更偏遠。鳥類和珊瑚魚很好地證明了越向東，生物多樣性越少這種情況。據(jù)估計，新幾內(nèi)亞有550多種鳥類；所羅門群島有127種；斐濟有54種；社會群島有17種。同樣，自西向東縱觀太平洋，西面的俾斯麥群島和所羅門群島有90多種近海魚群(每個群落有多個品種)，斐濟有50種，社會群島有30種。第3個因素是島嶼的緯度。處于緯度位置相對更高、氣溫相對更低的島嶼，例如比較有名的新西蘭島嶼，不適合習慣了太平洋島嶼的熱帶植物生存。

最后，風是影響物種分布的第4個因素，也是太平洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)形成的主要因素。在太平洋島嶼上能夠輕易意識到盛行風的存在。赤道以北，盛行風被稱為東北風，而在赤道以南，被稱為東南風。從南緯30°左右再往南，通常刮西風。因此，幾乎每個人大型島嶼的迎風面和背風面(遠離風面)之間都存在生態(tài)差異。風力除了影響植物和土壤之外，對雨水分布也有重要影響。夏威夷大島就是一個典型的例子；人們在離開背風的科納的時候陽光燦爛，然后駛向迎風面的希洛市后淹沒在煙雨朦朧中。

B項“提醒”、C項“復(fù)制；繁衍”、D項“相似”均不符合題意，故都予以排除。

17.

Thepassagesupportswhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutspeciesonvolcanicislands?______A.VolcanicislandspeciesareunlikethespeciesfoundinotherPacificOceanlocations.B.VolcanicislandslackthediversityofspeciesfoundelsewhereinthePacific.C.Volcanicislandspeciesarealltransplantsfromdistantlocationsandexistincombinationsnotfoundelsewhere.D.Volcanicislandspeciesdifferfromthoseonotherislandsinthatanimalspeciesshowgreaterdiversitythanplantspeciesdo.正確答案：C[解析]題目問“關(guān)于火山島上的物種說法正確的選項”。根據(jù)第1段第3、4句，火山島上本沒有任何生物(possessednoterrestriallife)，而經(jīng)過漫長歲月，風、洋流和鳥類帶來了(brought)很多植物種子和外來物種，且在各種因素共同作用下使得島上的物種類別與其他地區(qū)不同(diversecombinationsofnewcolonists)，故C項的表達概述了原文的這段話，符合題意。

A項“火山島上的物種跟太平洋其他地區(qū)的物種不同”，根據(jù)文意，火山島上的物種是由其他地區(qū)遷徙過來的，因此有可能會在太平洋其他地區(qū)找到相似物種，故排除A項，同時也可排除B項“火山島上不存在太平洋其他地區(qū)所具有的生物多樣性”。D項“火山島上的物種跟其他地區(qū)物種的主要差異在于動物種類比植物種類更為豐富”，在原文沒有提及，故排除。

18.

AccordingtoParagraph1,howdidthemajorityofplantspeciesarriveonislandscreatedbygeologicalprocessessuchasvolcanism?______A.Theyweretransportedbyoceancurrents.B.Theywerecarriedtotheislandsbybirds.C.Theywerebroughttotheislandsbyhumans.D.Theyweretransportedbywinds.正確答案：B[解析]第1段最后一句指出植物物種75%靠鳥類傳播，故正確答案為B項。

A項洋流占23%、D項風力占2%，都只是占小部分比例，故排除A項和D項。C項在文中并未被提及，故排除。

19.

ThewordremoteinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______A.unknownB.isolatedC.hostileD.infertile正確答案：B[解析]題干中remote意為“遙遠的，偏遠的”，只有B項isolated“偏遠的；偏僻的”符合題意，故選B項。

A項“未知的”、C項“敵對的”、D項“不肥沃的”均不符合題意，故都予以排除。

20.

InParagraph2,whatistheauthor'spurposeinmentioningtheestimatednumbersofbirdspeciesonvariousOceanicislands?______A.TogiveexamplesofthewiderangeofspeciesthatcanbefoundonOceanicislands.B.TodemonstratehowmuchknowledgeaboutOceanicspecieshasbeenaccumulated.C.ToillustratethedeclineinspeciesdiversityfromwesttoeastonOceanicislands.D.ToidentifytheinfluenceoflatitudeuponOceanicplantsandanimals.正確答案：C[解析]題目問作者為什么要提到不同大洋洲島嶼上鳥類的數(shù)量。第2段第4句提到“鳥類和珊瑚魚很好地證明了越向東，生物多樣性越少這種情況”，接下來的例子是為了驗證這句話，故正確答案為C項。

A項“為了證明大洋洲島嶼上物種的多樣性”、B項“為了證明人類已經(jīng)積累了大量大洋洲島嶼物種的知識”、D項“解釋緯度對大洋洲動植物的影響”均不是作者提到不同大洋洲島嶼上鳥類的數(shù)量的原因。

21.

Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?______A.Becauseofitslatitude,NewZealandhadarelativelycoolerclimatethanotherPacificislands.B.NewZealand,likeotherPacificislands,showedtheeffectsoflatitudesonitsrichtropicalplants.C.Becausethelatitudinalpositionofanislandalsoaffecteditsbioticmix,islandsincoolerlatitudesdidnotsupportsometropicalspeciestypicalofthePacificislands.D.Pacificislandswerenotablefortheirimpressivebioticmixandassociationwithtropicalplants.正確答案：C[解析]畫線句子意為“第3個因素是島嶼的緯度。處于緯度位黃相對更高、氣溫相對更低的島嶼，例如比較有名的新西蘭島嶼，不適合習慣了太平洋島嶼的熱帶植物生存”，這句話表達的關(guān)鍵信息是緯度對于生物種類的影響，緯度位置相對更高、氣溫相對更低的地區(qū)不合適熱帶植物生長，故C項正確。

A項是利用cooler設(shè)置的干擾項，文中沒有將新西蘭的緯度位置與太平洋其他島嶼的緯度位置進行對比，只是說它這種相對緯度更高、氣溫更低的環(huán)境不適合熱帶植物生長，故排除A項。原文提到新西蘭島因為氣溫更低，不適合種植熱帶植物，因此itsrichtropicalplants這個說法是錯誤的，可排除B項。D項在文中未被提及，也可排除。

22.

AccordingtoParagraph2,allofthefollowingtypesofislandsareassociatedwithhigherspeciesdiversityEXCEPT______.A.islandsthatarelargeinsizeB.islandslocatedincoollatitudesC.islandslocatedinthewesternpartofOceaniaD.islandslocatednearotherlandmasses正確答案：B[解析]題目問哪種類型的島嶼生物多樣性較少。根據(jù)第2段最后一句可推測，緯度越高的島嶼，溫度較低，越不適合某些動植物的生長，其生物多樣性也會相對而言更少，因此B項符合題意，是正確答案。

第2段第2句提到越大型的島嶼越能容納更多的物種，因此生物多樣性也更多，故A項不符合題意，可排除。根據(jù)第2段第3句“島嶼越偏東，生物多樣性越少，主要是考慮到遷徙距離，而且因為東部島嶼往往更小、更分散、更偏遠”，可推測偏西的島嶼以及不偏遠、不分散、與其他陸地相距較近的島嶼的物種都比較豐富，C項“海洋兩部的島嶼”以及D項“靠近其他陸地的島嶼”不符合題意，故均予以排除。

23.

TheBigIslandofHawaiiisdiscussedinthepassageasanexampleof______.A.therelationshipbetweenlatitudeandwindB.howprevailingwindsinfluencerainfallpatternsC.therelationshipbetweenrainfallandspeciesdistributionD.theeffectsofwindactionuponplantsandsoils正確答案：B[解析]文章提到，夏威夷大島這個例子是為了論證第3段倒數(shù)第二句提出的觀點“風力除了影響植物和土壤，對雨水分布也有重要影響”。例子提到位于背風面的科納和迎風面的希洛市天氣不同，顯然是為了證明風對于降水的影響，故正確答案為B項“盛行風如何影響降水分布(rainfallpatterns)”。

A項“緯度和風之間的關(guān)系”、C項“降水和物種分布的關(guān)系”、D項“風對于植物和土壤的影響”均與所舉例子無關(guān)，故都可排除。

24.

WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3aboutKonaandHilo?______A.TheecosystemsofKonaandHilodifferfromeachother.B.KonaandHilohaveapproximatelythesamerainfallinagivenyear.C.KonareceivesnortheasterlywindswhileHftoreceivessoutheasterlywinds.D.BothKonaandHilohaveplantsandsoilsthatareoftendamagedbywinds.正確答案：A[解析]第3段第5句提到，幾乎每個大型島嶼的迎風面和背風面(遠離風面)之間都存在生態(tài)差異，而接著第3段最后一句捉到這兩個城市一個處于迎風面，一個處于背風面，且降水量不同，由此，我們可推斷A項正確。

B項“兩個城市在特定年份降水量相同”、C項“科納刮東北風，希洛市吹東南風”、D項“兩個城市的植物和土壤經(jīng)常遭到大風破壞”，文中均未被提及。

25.

Theword"cited"underlinedinthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A.expectedB.believedC.comparedD.mentioned正確答案：D[解析]題干cited意為“提及；引用”，只有D項mentioned(提到)與其意義相近。

A項“期待”、B項“相信”、C項“比較”均不符合題意。

InDecember,WaymoLLC,theleadingdriverlesscarcompany,broughtouttheworld'sfirstcommercialrobo-taxiservice.Butfornow,theserviceisonlyavailabletoabout400testfamiliesinsuburbanPhoenix,andeachofitsconvertedChryslerminivansstillhasapersonatthewheelincaseanythinggoesawry.

"It'saprettyglaringindicationthatwe'renotthereyet,"saysMatthewJohnson-Roberson,co-directoroftheUniversityofMichigan'sFordCenterforAutonomousVehicles,who'sworkingwithautomakerstodeveloprobotrides.Waymo,ownedbyGoogleparentAlphabetInc.andrecentlyvaluedat$250billionbyJefferiesResearchLLC,declinedtocomment.Inablogpost,ChiefExecutiveOfficerJohnKrafciksaidthehumansafetydriverswereatworkinArizonatomakeridersfeelmorecomfortable.

Waymo'stimidrolloutisthelatestspeedbumpforatechnologytoutedascertaintosavetheworldfromroaddeaths.AsautoandtechgiantsconvergeonLasVegasfortheconsumerelectronicsshowknownasCES,whichformallykicksoffonJan.8andincludesakeynotefromKrafcik,theseeminglyboundlessoptimismthatsurroundeddriverlesscarsonlyafewyearsagohasbeentemperedbyaslewofpersistenttechnologicalchallengesandbigquestionsaboutnear-termbusinessmodels,especiallyasarecessionlooms."Mostoftheautomakersarechasingabusinessmodelthathasyettobeproven—thatelusiverobo-taxi,"saysCraigGiffi,headofconsultingfirmDeloitte'sU.S.automotiveandindustrialproductspractice.

AtCES,driverlessandautotechnologywillcover300,000squarefeetoffloorspace,morethanthetotalsizeofmanystand-alonecarshows,andtheautoindustryiscontinuingtopourbillionsintoself-drivingcars.FordMotorCo.CEOJimHackettsaidinNovemberthatthemarketforautonomousvehiclesandothermobilityservicescouldreach$10trillion—halfthesizeofU.S.grossdomesticproduct.Annualsalesofself-driverswillhit33millionby2040andaccountformorethanaquarterofglobalvehicledeliveries,accordingtoresearcherIHSMarkit.

That'swhyautomakersandtechcompaniesarerushingtogetrobotsontheroad.GeneralMotorsCo.'sCruiseAutomationplanstodebutitsautomatedride-hailingbusinessinaU.S.cityin2019,andFordpromisestodeploytensofthousandsofself-driversonthestreetsofmultipleU.S.citiesin2021aspartofaprofitablebusinessmovingpeopleandpackages.EvenUberresumedtestingitsautonomousVolvosinDecember,onlyninemonthsafteronestruckandkilledapedestrianinTempe,Ariz.

ButastudyfromDeloittesuggeststhingswillmovemoreslowlythanexpected.Halfofthe25,000consumersDeloittesurveyedgloballysaidtheydidn'tbelieveautonomousvehicleswouldbesafe,upslightlyfrom47percentayearago.Just39percentofthemtrustautomakerstobringthetechnologytomarket.Mostsurprising:Only12percentofU.S.consumersreportedusingservicessuchasUberandLyftonceaweek,halftherateofayearago.Takentogether,thefindingsunderminethenear-termbusinesscasefortherobo-taxi,whichreliesonanever-growingpoolofconsumersditchingtheircars.

Aslongashumansafetydriversarerequired,profitsareoutthewindow."Theeconomicsofthatdon'tworkoutatall,"saysJohnson-Roberson,theUniversityofMichigantechnologist.Hesaystheonlywaytoremovesafetydriversistoisolateautonomouscarsintheirownlanes,walledofffromunpredictablehumans.Amongotherthings,driverlesscarsstillstruggletomergeintotraffic.

(選自《彭博商業(yè)周刊》

2019年1月7日)26.

Theword"awry"underlinedinParagraph1issynonymouswith______.A.wrongB.askewC.crookedD.awfully正確答案：A[解析]語義題。awry意為“偏差的，錯誤的”，與A意思相近，故選A。

27.

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutWaymoisNOTtrue?______A.Waymoisacompanywhichmanufacturesdriverlesscars.B.Waymoisthefirstcompanywhichprovidesrobo-taxiserviceforcommercialpurpose.C.WaymobelongstoGoogle