翻譯三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)分類(lèi)模擬題7

翻譯三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)分類(lèi)模擬題7EnglishChineseTranslation1.

WhenaScottishresearchteamstartledtheworldbyreveal（江南博哥）ing3monthsagothatithadclonedanadultsheep,PresidentClintonmovedswiftly.Declaringthathewasopposedtousingthisunusualanimalhusbandrytechniquetoclonehumans,heorderedthatfederalfundsnotbeusedforsuchanexperiment—althoughnoonehadproposedtodoso—andaskedanindependentpanelofexpertshairedbyPrincetonPresidentHaroldShapirotoreportbacktotheWhiteHousein90dayswithrecommendationsforanationalpolicyonhumancloning.Thatgroup—theNationalBioethicsAdvisoryCommission(NBAC)—hasbeenworkingfeverishlytoputitswisdomonpaper,andatameetingon17May,membersagreedonanear-finaldraftoftheirrecommendations.

NBACwillaskthatClinton's90-daybanonfederalfundsforhumancloningbeextendedindefinitely,andpossiblythatitbemadelaw.ButNBACmembersareplanningtowordtherecommendationnarrowlytoavoidnewrestrictionsonresearchthatinvolvesthecloningofhumanDNAorcells—routineinmolecularbiology.Thepanelhasnotyetreachedagreementonacrucialquestion,however,whethertorecommendlegislationthatwouldmakeitacrimeforprivatefundingtobeusedforhumancloning.Inadraftprefacetotherecommendations,discussedatthe17Maymeeting,Shapirosuggestedthatthepanelhadfoundabroadconsensusthatitwouldbe"morallyunacceptabletoattempttocreateahumanchildbyadultnuclearcloning."Shapiroexplainedduringthemeetingthatthemoraldoubtstemsmainlyfromfearsabouttherisktothehealthofthechild.Thepaneltheninformallyacceptedseveralgeneralconclusions,althoughsomedetailshavenotbeensettled.

NBACplanstocallforacontinuedbanonfederalgovernmentfundingforanyattempttoclonebodycellnucleitocreateachild.Becausecurrentfederallawalreadyforbidstheuseoffederalfundstocreateembryos(theearlieststageofhumanoffspringbeforebirth)forresearchortoknowinglyendangeranembryo'slife,NBACwillremainsilentonembryoresearch.

NBACmembersalsoindicatedthattheywillappealtoprivatelyfundedresearchersandclinicsnottotrytoclonehumansbybodycellnucleartransfer.Buttheyweredividedonwhethertogofurtherbycallingforafederallawthatwouldimposeacompletebanonhumancloning.Shapiroandmostmembersfavoredanappealforsuchlegislation,butinaphoneinterview,hesaidthisissuewasstill"upintheair".正確答案：當(dāng)蘇格蘭的一個(gè)研究小組透露三個(gè)月前他們克隆了一只成年綿羊時(shí)，世界為之震驚，克林頓總統(tǒng)迅速作出反應(yīng)。他宣稱(chēng)他反對(duì)利用這種不尋常的畜牧業(yè)技術(shù)去克隆人，并下令禁止使用聯(lián)邦基金做這種實(shí)驗(yàn)——盡管還沒(méi)有人提出要這樣做——他要求成立一個(gè)由普林斯頓大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)哈羅法·夏皮羅領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立專(zhuān)家小組，在90天內(nèi)就關(guān)于克隆人的國(guó)家政策問(wèn)題提出建議，向白宮匯報(bào)，這個(gè)專(zhuān)家組名為“全國(guó)生物倫理道德顧問(wèn)委員會(huì)(NBAC)”，它此后一直在積極而熱情地工作，集思廣益，寫(xiě)出建議。在5月17日的一次會(huì)議上，委員們就接近定稿的建議書(shū)達(dá)成了共識(shí)。

NBAC將要求克林頓總統(tǒng)有關(guān)聯(lián)邦基金不能用來(lái)克隆人的90天禁令無(wú)限期延長(zhǎng)，并且將此立法。但NBAC委員們計(jì)劃在提案的措辭上更為嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)以防止給克隆人體DNA(脫氧核糖核酸)或細(xì)胞等研究帶來(lái)更多的限制——因?yàn)樵诜肿由飳W(xué)中這種研究屬于常規(guī)研究課題。不過(guò)，這個(gè)專(zhuān)家組在一個(gè)關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題上尚未達(dá)成一致意見(jiàn)，即是否建議立法，規(guī)定利用私人基金克隆人應(yīng)視為犯罪。在5月17日開(kāi)會(huì)討論的建議序言草稿中，夏皮羅表示專(zhuān)家們已取得廣泛的一致意見(jiàn)，認(rèn)為“試圖用成人細(xì)胞核去克隆嬰兒是違背倫理道德的?！毕钠ち_在會(huì)議期間解釋說(shuō)，倫理道德上禁止的主要原因是怕對(duì)嬰兒的健康產(chǎn)生危害。然后，專(zhuān)家們非正式地達(dá)成幾種一般的結(jié)論，雖然某些細(xì)節(jié)尚未定論。

NBAC計(jì)劃呼吁繼續(xù)禁止使用聯(lián)邦政府基金利用人體細(xì)胞核來(lái)克隆嬰孩的企圖。因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)行聯(lián)邦政府法律已經(jīng)禁止使用聯(lián)邦基金創(chuàng)造供研究用的胚胎(即人類(lèi)后代出生前的最早階段)或有意識(shí)地危害胚胎的生命，但NBAC的建議將不反對(duì)胚胎的研究。

NBAC成員表示：他們要呼吁由私人出資的研究人員和機(jī)構(gòu)不要試圖通過(guò)利用人體細(xì)胞核克隆人。但他們?cè)谑欠襁M(jìn)一步要求聯(lián)邦以法律強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行完全禁止克隆人這一問(wèn)題上存在分歧。夏皮羅和大多數(shù)委員贊成對(duì)此立法，但在電話(huà)采訪(fǎng)中透露，這個(gè)問(wèn)題仍“懸而未決”。

2.

Science,inpractice,dependsfarlessontheexperimentsitpreparesthanonthepreparednessofthemindsofthemenwhowatchtheexperiments.SirIsaacNewtonsupposedlydiscoveredgravitythroughthefallofanapple.Appleshadbeenfallinginmanyplacesforcenturiesandthousandsofpeoplehadseenthemfall.ButNewtonforyearshadbeencuriousaboutthecauseoftheorbitalmotionofthemoonandplanets.Whatkepttheminplace?Whydidn'ttheyfalloutofthesky?Thefactthattheapplefelldowntowardtheearthandnotupintothetreeansweredthequestionhehadbeenaskinghimselfaboutthoselargerfruitsoftheheavens,themoonandtheplanets.

Howmanymenwouldhaveconsideredthepossibilityofanapplefallingupintothetree?Newtondidbecausehewasnottryingtopredictanything.Hewasjustwonderinghismindwasreadyfortheunpredictable.Unpredictabilityispartoftheessentialnatureofresearch.Ifyoudon'thaveunpredictablethings,youdon'thaveresearch.Scientiststendtoforgetthiswhenwritingtheircutanddriedreportsforthetechnicaljournals,buthistoryisfilledwithexamplesofit.

Intalkingtosomescientists,particularlyyoungerones,youmightgathertheimpressionthattheyfindthe"scientificmethod"asubstituteforimaginativethought.I'veattendedresearchconferenceswhereascientisthasbeenaskedwhathethinksabouttheadvisabilityofcontinuingacertainexperiment.Thescientisthasfrowned,lookedatthegraphs,andsaid"Thedataarestillinconclusive.""Weknowthat,"themenfromthebudgetofficehavesaid,"butwhatdoyouthink?Isitworthwhilegoingon?Whatdoyouthinkwemightexpect?"Thescientisthasbeenshockedathavingevenbeenaskedtospeculate.

Whatthisamountsto,ofcourse,isthatthescientisthasbecomethevictimofhisownwritings.Hehasputforwardunquestionedclaimssoconsistentlythathenotonlybelievesthemhimself,buthasconvincedindustrialandbusinessmanagementthattheyaretrue.Ifexperimentsareplannedandcarriedoutaccordingtoplanasfaithfullyasthereportsinthesciencejournalsindicate,thenitisperfectlylogicalformanagementtoexpectresearchtoproduceresultsmeasurableindollarsandcents.Itisentirelyreasonableforauditorstobelievethatscientistswhoknowexactlywheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthereshouldnotbedistractedbythenecessityofkeepingoneeyeonthecashregisterwhiletheothereyeisonthemicroscope.Nor,ifregularityandconformitytoastandardpatternareasdesirabletothescientistasthewritingofhispaperswouldappeartoreflect,ismanagementtobeblamedfordiscriminatingagainstthe"oddballs"amongresearchersinfavorofmoreconventionalthinkerswho"workwellwiththeteam".正確答案：在實(shí)踐中，科學(xué)與其說(shuō)依靠事先準(zhǔn)備的實(shí)踐，不如說(shuō)依靠實(shí)驗(yàn)觀(guān)察者有所準(zhǔn)備的頭腦。艾薩克·牛頓爵士通過(guò)對(duì)蘋(píng)果落地進(jìn)行推理發(fā)現(xiàn)了萬(wàn)有引力定律。多少世紀(jì)以來(lái)，蘋(píng)果一直在許多地方落到地面，成千上萬(wàn)個(gè)人看到蘋(píng)果落地。而牛頓多年來(lái)一直對(duì)月球和行星繞軌道運(yùn)行的起因感到好奇。是什么力量使得它們處于現(xiàn)在的位置呢?它們?yōu)槭裁床宦涞教炜罩饽?蘋(píng)果向下落到地上而不是向上飛到樹(shù)上這一事實(shí)回答了牛頓長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)對(duì)月球和行星所存有的疑問(wèn)。月球和行星是蒼天中更大的果實(shí)。

多少人考慮過(guò)蘋(píng)果向上飛到樹(shù)上的可能性呢?牛頓考慮過(guò)，因?yàn)樗幌雽?duì)任何事情進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)。他只是喜歡思索。他的頭腦隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備思考不可預(yù)測(cè)的事。不可預(yù)測(cè)性是科學(xué)研究不可缺少的一個(gè)重要特征。如果沒(méi)有不可預(yù)測(cè)現(xiàn)象，就用不著研究了?？茖W(xué)家們?cè)跒榭茖W(xué)雜志撰寫(xiě)千篇一律的報(bào)告時(shí)往往忘記這一點(diǎn)，但是歷史上卻充滿(mǎn)了這樣的實(shí)例。

在與一些科學(xué)家，特別是青年科學(xué)家交談時(shí)，你可能會(huì)形成這樣一種印象：他們找到了“科學(xué)的方法”——一種取代想象思維的方法。我出席過(guò)一些科研會(huì)議。在會(huì)上有人問(wèn)一位科學(xué)家繼續(xù)某項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)是否明智之舉。這位科學(xué)家皺了皺眉頭，看了看圖表，然后說(shuō)：“數(shù)據(jù)還不夠充分”。主管預(yù)算的人員說(shuō)：“這點(diǎn)我們知道，但你的意見(jiàn)如何?值得繼續(xù)進(jìn)行嗎?你認(rèn)為我們可以期待著什么呢?”這位科學(xué)家感到很震驚，他沒(méi)想到他們會(huì)叫他做出臆測(cè)。

當(dāng)然，這幾乎等于說(shuō)：這位科學(xué)家成了他自己論文的受害者。他們對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果所下的斷言是如此不容質(zhì)疑、如此一致，以致于不僅令他們自己，而且也讓工商管理部門(mén)相信其預(yù)測(cè)的準(zhǔn)確性。如果實(shí)驗(yàn)完全按科學(xué)雜志報(bào)告中所陳述的那樣按事先的計(jì)劃去設(shè)計(jì)完成，那么管理部門(mén)可以期待研究成果用美元、美分來(lái)衡量，這完全符合邏輯。審計(jì)員們也完全有理由相信確切地知道自己的目標(biāo)，而且知道如何實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的科學(xué)家完全沒(méi)有必要分心，一只眼睛盯著收款機(jī)，另一只眼睛看著顯微鏡。假如像他們的論文反映的那樣，科學(xué)家們也想看到規(guī)律性和與某種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式的一致性。那么，如果管理者們歧視研究者中的“怪人”，而喜歡“善于合作”的具有傳統(tǒng)思維模式的人，這也是無(wú)可指責(zé)的。

3.

Fewcreationsofbigtechnologycapturetheimaginationlikegiantdams.Perhapsitishumankind'slongsufferingatthemercyoffloodanddroughtthatmakestheidealofforcingthewaterstodoourbiddingsofascination.Buttobefascinatedisalso,sometimes,tobeblind.Severalgiantdamprojectsthreatentodomoreharmthangood.

Thelessonfromdamsisthatbigisnotalwaysbeautiful.Itdoesn'thelpthatbuildingabig,powerfuldamhasbecomeasymbolofachievementfornationsandpeoplestrivingtoassertthemselves.Egypt'sleadershipintheArabworldwascementedbytheAswanHighDam.Turkey'sbidforFirstWorldstatusincludesthegiantAtaturkDam.

Butbigdamstendnottoworkasintended.TheAswanDam,forexamplestoppedtheNilefloodingbutdeprivedEgyptofthefertilesiltthatfloodsleft.Allinreturnforagiantreservoirofdiseasewhichisnowsofullofsiltthatitbarelygenerateselectricity.

Andyet,themythofcontrollingthewaterspersists.Thisweek,intheheartofcivilizedEurope,SlovaksandHungariansstoppedjustshortofsendinginthetroopsintheircontentionoveradamontheDanube.Thehugecomplexwillprobablyhavealltheusualproblemsofbigdams.ButSlovakiaisbiddingforindependencefromtheCzechs,andnowneedsadamtoproveitself.

Meanwhile,inIndia,theWorldBankhasgiventhegoaheadtotheevenmorewrongheadedNarmadaDam.Andthebankhasdonethiseventhoughitsadvisorssaythedamwillcausehardshipforthepowerlessandenvironmentaldestruction.Thebenefitsareforthepowerful,buttheyarefarfromguaranteed.

Proper,scientificstudyoftheimpactsofdamsandofthecostandbenefitsofcontrollingwatercanhelptoresolvetheseconflicts.Hydroelectricpowerandfloodcontrolandirrigationarepossiblewithoutbuildingmonsterdams.Butwhenyouaredealingwithmyths,itishardtobeeitherproper,orscientific.ItistimethattheworldlearnedthelessonsofAswan.Youdon'tneedadamtobesaved.正確答案：重大技術(shù)的創(chuàng)造中幾乎沒(méi)有哪個(gè)比巨型大壩更令人心馳神往。也許正是由于人類(lèi)長(zhǎng)期聽(tīng)任旱澇之災(zāi)的擺布才使得讓洪水聽(tīng)從人的調(diào)遣這種理想如此令人癡迷。但使人癡迷有時(shí)也就使人盲目。有幾個(gè)巨型大壩項(xiàng)目頗有弊大于利的趨勢(shì)。

修建大壩的教訓(xùn)是，大的并不總是美的。建一個(gè)功能強(qiáng)大的大水壩標(biāo)志著國(guó)家和人民在努力顯示自身力量已取得了成就，但卻無(wú)助于國(guó)家和人民。埃及的阿拉伯世界的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位因阿斯旺大壩得以鞏固和加強(qiáng)，土耳其在其爭(zhēng)取躋身于第一世界的努力中也包括建造阿塔特克大壩。

但大壩不一定會(huì)像預(yù)期的那樣發(fā)揮功效。以阿斯旺大壩為例，它擋住了尼羅河的洪水。但也使埃及失去了洪水沖擊過(guò)后留下的肥沃土壤，換回來(lái)的卻是一個(gè)病態(tài)的大水庫(kù)?，F(xiàn)在水庫(kù)積滿(mǎn)泥沙，幾乎發(fā)不出電來(lái)。

然而，控制洪水的神話(huà)還在繼續(xù)傳播。本周，在文明歐洲的中心地區(qū)，斯洛伐克人和匈牙利人為在多瑙河建壩發(fā)生爭(zhēng)執(zhí)，差一點(diǎn)兒就要調(diào)兵遣將了。在這一大型工程上，可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)大壩上所有的常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題。但是，斯洛伐克人正在鬧獨(dú)立，要脫離捷克，他們需要建大壩來(lái)證明自己的實(shí)力。

與此同時(shí)，印度在納爾馬達(dá)河大壩上的問(wèn)題就更多了，但世界銀行已貸款給印度。盡管世界銀行的顧問(wèn)說(shuō)，該大壩會(huì)給那里的平民百姓帶來(lái)苦難，而且會(huì)破壞那里的環(huán)境，但是，世界銀行仍一意孤行。收益帶給權(quán)勢(shì)，但卻根本沒(méi)有保障。

對(duì)建壩造成的危害以及對(duì)治水的耗資和收益進(jìn)行合理的科學(xué)研究，有助于解決這些矛盾。搞水利發(fā)電、治洪，以及灌溉并不一定非要建巨型大壩。但如果你相信神話(huà)，就難以做到合理或科學(xué)?，F(xiàn)在，是世界各國(guó)從阿斯旺大壩的失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)的時(shí)候了。人們并不需要大壩來(lái)拯救自己。

4.

StudentswhowanttoentertheUniversityofMontreal'sAthleticComplexneedmoremanjustaconventionalIDcard—theiridentitiesmustbeprovedgenuinebyanelectronichandscanner.InsomeCaliforniahousingestates,akeyaloneisinsufficienttogetsomeoneinthedoor;hisorhervoiceprintmustalsobeverified.Andsoon,customersatsomeJapanesebankswillhavetopresenttheirfacesforscanningbeforetheycanenterthebuildingandwithdrawtheirmoney.

Alloftheseareapplicationsofbiometrics,afast-growingtechnologythatinvolvestheuseofphysicalorbiologicalcharacteristictoidentifyindividuals.InuseformorethanadecadeatsomehighsecuritygovernmentinstitutionsintheUnitedStatesandCanada,biometricsisrapidlypoppingupintheeverydayworld.

Biometricsecuritysystemsoperatebystoringadigitizedrecordofsomeuniquehumanfeature.Whenauserwishestoenterorusethefacility,thesystemscanstheperson'scorrespondingcharacteristicsandattemptstomatchthemagainstthoseonrecord.Systemsusingfingerprints,hands,voices,eyes,andfacesarealreadyonthemarket.Othersusingtypingpatternsandevenbodysmellsareinvariousstagesofdevelopment.

Fingerprintsscannersarecurrentlythemostwidelyusedtypeofbiometricapplication,thankstotheirgrowinguseoverthelast20yearsbylaw-enforcementagencies.SixteenAmericanstatesnowusebiometricfingerprintverificationsystemstocheckthatpeopleclaimingwelfarepaymentsaregenuine.PoliticiansinTorontohavevotedtodothesame,withatestingprojectbeginningnextyear.

Notsurprisingly,biometricsraisesdifficultquestionsaboutprivacyandthepotentialforabuse.Someworrythatgovernmentsandindustrywillbetemptedtousethetechnologytomonitorindividualbehavior."Ifsomeoneusedyourfingerprintstomatchyourhealth-insurancerecordswithcredit-cardrecordshowingthatyouregularlyboughtlotsofcigarettesandfattyfoods,"saysonepolicyanalyst,"youwouldseeyourinsurancepaymentsgothroughtheroof."InToronto,criticsofthewelfarefingerprintplancomplainedthatitwouldforcepeopletosubmittoaprocedurewidelyidentifiedwithcriminals.

Nevertheless,supportforbiometricsisgrowinginTorontoasitisinmanyothercommunities.Inallincreasinglycrowdedandcomplicatedworld,biometricsmaywellbeatechnologywhosetimehascome.正確答案：想進(jìn)入到蒙特利爾大學(xué)的體育綜合建筑樓的同學(xué)不僅需要出示一張普通的身份卡——他們身份的真實(shí)性還需要由一個(gè)電子掃描儀來(lái)證明；在一些加利福尼亞的居民區(qū)，想進(jìn)門(mén)光靠一把鑰匙是不行的，還需要驗(yàn)證他或她的聲音；不久以后，在日本的一些銀行里，顧客們?cè)谶M(jìn)入大樓取錢(qián)之前必須把自己的臉掃描一下。

所有這些情況都是生物鑒定學(xué)的應(yīng)用。它是一種把物理和生物特性結(jié)合到一起應(yīng)用來(lái)驗(yàn)證個(gè)人身份的快速發(fā)展的技術(shù)。在美國(guó)和加拿大的一些高安全政府機(jī)構(gòu)里，生物鑒定學(xué)已經(jīng)發(fā)揮了十多年的作用，如今，它正在迅速地出現(xiàn)在日常生活當(dāng)中。

生物安全系統(tǒng)通過(guò)存儲(chǔ)人類(lèi)的某一個(gè)獨(dú)特的特點(diǎn)的數(shù)字化記錄起作用。當(dāng)用戶(hù)希望進(jìn)入或者使用這個(gè)工具的時(shí)候，系統(tǒng)就會(huì)把這個(gè)人的相應(yīng)的特點(diǎn)掃描下來(lái)，然后努力把人與記錄匹配起來(lái)。通過(guò)識(shí)別指紋、手、聲音、眼睛和臉的系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)已上市。其他的通過(guò)打字模式，甚至是體味識(shí)別的系統(tǒng)還在不同程度地發(fā)展著。

現(xiàn)如今，生物鑒定應(yīng)用最廣泛的就是指紋掃描機(jī)，這是由于在過(guò)去的20年里，它在法律執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)里應(yīng)用得越來(lái)越多。如今，美國(guó)的16個(gè)州用生物指紋確認(rèn)系統(tǒng)來(lái)檢查要求福利報(bào)酬的人是否真實(shí)。多倫多的政治家已經(jīng)選舉通過(guò)了效仿這種方法，明年將開(kāi)啟測(cè)試工程。

生物鑒定學(xué)會(huì)有個(gè)人秘密被濫用的潛在危險(xiǎn)，這也是不足為奇的事情。有人擔(dān)心政府和工業(yè)部門(mén)會(huì)用這種技術(shù)來(lái)監(jiān)測(cè)個(gè)人行為?！叭绻腥擞媚愕闹讣y去和你的健康保險(xiǎn)記錄匹配，信用卡記錄表明你經(jīng)常買(mǎi)大量的煙和含脂肪的食物，”一個(gè)保險(xiǎn)單分析家說(shuō)，“你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你的保險(xiǎn)支付額將沖破天價(jià)?！痹诙鄠惗?，福利指紋計(jì)劃的評(píng)論家抱怨說(shuō)，這會(huì)強(qiáng)迫人們像罪犯一樣履行同樣的程序。

不管怎么樣，像許多其它團(tuán)體一樣，在多倫多支持生物鑒定學(xué)的人數(shù)正在增加。在這個(gè)日益擁擠和復(fù)雜的世界，生物鑒定學(xué)技術(shù)的時(shí)代可能已經(jīng)到來(lái)。

5.

"Cleanyourplate!"and"Beamemberoftheclean-plateclub!"JustabouteverykidintheUShasheardthisfromaparentorgrandparent.Often,it'saccompaniedbyanappeal:"Justthinkaboutthosestarvingorphans(孤兒)inArica!"

Sure,weshouldbegratefulforeverybiteoffood.Unfortunately,manypeopleintheUStakeafewtoomanybites.Insteadofsaying"cleantheplate",perhapsweshouldsavesomefoodfortomorrow.

Accordingtonewsreports,USrestaurantsarepartlytoblameforthegrowingbellies(肚子).Awaiterputsaplateoffoodinfrontofeachcustomer,withtwotofourtimestheamountrecommendedbythegovernment,accordingtoaUSATodaystory.

Americanstraditionallyassociatequantitywithvalueandmostrestaurantstrytogivethemthat.Theyservelargeportionstostandapartfromcompetitorsandtogivethecustomersvalue.Theyprefertohavecustomerscomplainabouttoomuchfoodratherthantoolittle.

BarbaraRolls,anutritionprofessoratPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,toldUSATodaythatrestaurantportionsizesbegantogrowinthe1970s,thesametimethattheAmericanwaistlinebegantoexpand.

Healthexpertshavetriedtogetmanyrestaurant