2024-2025學年新教材高中英語單元達標練4UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS含解析新人教版必修第一冊

單元達標練Ⅰ.閱讀理解AAnearthquakeisoneofthemostcommonnaturaldisasters.Itmaycausegreatdamage.Soitiswisetolearnsomesimplesafetytipstoprotectyourselforyourfamilymembers.Fragileitems,likethosemadeofglassshouldusuallybeplacedonalowersurface,nearthegroundinsteadofplacingthemoncupboardshigherup.Neverplacethemnearyourbed,sofasandotherfurniturewhereyouwouldbesittingorlyingdown.Whenthereisastrongmovement,thesepieceswillfallonthefloordirectlyandnotonyou.Thereisastrongchanceofshortcircuits(短路)andfirebreakoutduringanearthquake.Makesureyouturnoffelectricalconnectionsandgasimmediatelywhenanearthquakehappens.Duringanearthquake,liebeneath(在……下方)anobjectthatisnoteasilydamaged.Donotgonearobjectsthatcoulddirectlyfallonyou.Neverusetheelevatortogodown.Stayinsideuntiltheshakingstopsanditissafetogooutside.Researchhasshownthatmostinjurieshappenwhenpeopleinsidebuildingstrytogoout.Usethestaircasesatalltimes.Ifyouareoutdoors,donottakeshelterunderatree，streetlights,electricpolesortallbuildings.Ifyouaredriving，stopyourcarandstayinasafeplace.Donotparkyourcarunderatreeoranytallobject.Iftrappedindebris(瓦礫堆),coveryourmouthwithahandkerchieforclothing.Taponapipeorwallsorescuerscanfindyou.Useawhistle(哨子)ifoneisavailable.Nevershoutforhelp.Shoutingcancauseyoutobreatheindangerousamountsofdust.Donotlightamatchbecauseyoumayburnyourself.Donotmoveaboutorkickupdust.本文主要介紹了地震時應(yīng)實行的一些平安措施。1．Thepurposeofthepassageistotellreaders________.A．thedamagecausedbyearthquakesB．therescueworkafterearthquakesC．whattodoaboutearthquakesD．howtopreventearthquakes答案：C解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段Anearthquake...Soitiswisetolearnsomesimplesafetytipstoprotectyourselforyourfamilymembers.可知，本文的主要目的是介紹地震時應(yīng)實行的一些平安措施。2．Theunderlinedword“Fragile”inParagraph2probablymeans“________”．A．easilybroken B．easilyfoundC．expensive D．heavy答案：A解析：詞義揣測題。依據(jù)畫線詞后所給的例子likethosemadeofglass及段末的pieces可知，畫線詞指“易碎的”，即easilybroken。3.Duringtheearthquake,peopleareadvisedto________.A．gooutthebuildingatonceB．turnoffpowerandgasimmediatelyC．takeshelterunderatreeD．drivetoasafeplace答案：B解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段其次句可知，地震時在室內(nèi)的話，應(yīng)首先關(guān)閉電源和煤氣。4．WhatshouldpeopleNOTdowhentheyaretrappedindebris?A．Covertheirmouthwithahandkerchief.B．Taponapipeorwallforhelp.C．Useawhistleforhelp.D．Lightafireforhelp.答案：D解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段中Donotlightamatchbecauseyoumayburnyourself.可知，地震時如被困在廢墟中，不要點火求救，這可能會燒到自己。BEarthquakerescuerobotshaveexperiencedtheirfinaltestsinBeijing.Theirdesignerssaywiththeserobots，rescuerswillbeabletohavemoretimetosavelivesduringanearthquake.Thisrobotlookinglikeahelicopter,iscalledthedetector-bot.It'sabout4meterslong,andittookabout4yearstodevelopthemodel.Itsmainfunctionsaretocollectinformationfromtheair,andsendgoodsofupto30kilostopeopletrappedbyanearthquake.Thisrobothasahighdefinition360degreepanoramic(全景的)camera.Itcanworkdayandnightandwillalsobeabletosendthelatestpicturesfromthequakearea.DrQiJuntongsaid,“Themostimportantfeatureofthisrobotisthatitdoesn'tneedadistantcontrol.Wejustsetthedestination(目的地)informationonit,andthenittakesoff,andlandsbyitself.Itfliesashighas3,000meters,andasfastas100kilometersperhour.”Thisrobothasadifferentfunction—itcanchangeastheenvironmentchanges.Itsmainjobistosearchforanysignoflifeinplaceswherehumanrescuersareunabletogo.Aswellasadetector(探測器)thatfindsvictimsanddetectspoisonousgas,acameraisplacedinthe40-centimeter-longrobot,whichcanworkinthedark.Anotherusefortherescuersisthesupplybot.Withits10-meter-longpipe,peoplewhoaretrappedintheruins，willbeabletogetsuppliesincludingoxygenandliquids.Expertshavesaidthattherobotswillenterproduction，andserveaspartofthenationalearthquakerescueteamassoonasnextyear.本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了一種新型機器人——地震救援機器人的功能和特點，目前已經(jīng)通過測試，最快明年就能投入生產(chǎn)。5．Accordingtothepassage,thisrobot________.A．iscarriedbythehelicopterB．weighsabout30kilosC．hasn'tbeenputintoproductionsofarD．isamachinewithalengthof10meters答案：C解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段Expertshavesaidthattherobotswillenterproduction，andserveaspartofthenationalearthquakerescueteamassoonasnextyear.可知，這種機器人最快明年才能投入生產(chǎn)，故選C項。6.DrQiJuntongthinksthisrobotisdifferentfromtheothersmainlybecause________.A．ithasmorefunctionsB．ithasauniqueshapeC．ithasmoreadvancedcamerasD．itcanworkbyitselfoncegiventheinformation答案：D解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段中的Themostimportantfeatureofthisrobotisthatitdoesn'tneedadistantcontrol.Wejustsetthedestination(目的地)informationonit，andthenittakesoff，andlandsbyitself.可知，這種機器人最顯著的特點是不須要用遠程遙控，一旦給它輸入信息，它就可以獨立工作了，故選D項。7．Theunderlinedword“which”inParagraph6refersto________.A．a(chǎn)detector B．a(chǎn)cameraC．a(chǎn)rescuer D．a(chǎn)worker答案：B解析：詞義揣測題。依據(jù)畫線詞前的．..acameraisplacedinthe40-centimeter-longrobot可知，除了發(fā)覺受害者和檢測有毒氣體外，這種40厘米長的機器人上還裝有一架照相機，這架照相機可以在黑暗中拍攝并傳送照片，此處為非限制性定語從句，which指代的就是先行詞acamera，故選B項。8．Thetextismainlyabout________.A．a(chǎn)nintroductiontotherobotB．whattherobotlookslikeC．howtherobotismadeD．informationaboutearthquakes答案：A解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文，特殊是依據(jù)第一段首句EarthquakerescuerobotshaveexperiencedtheirfinaltestsinBeijing.可知，本文介紹了一種新型機器人——地震救援機器人的功能和特點，故選A項。Ⅱ.七選五HomeworkDoarithmeticproblems15through25.Statethedifferentformsoftheverbsonpage50ofyourFrenchworkbook.Readpages12through20oftheShakespeare'splay,anddon'tforgettofillinthemissingchemicalsymbolsontheworksheet.Soundlikealistofyourhomeworkforthenextfewnights—ormaybeevenjustfortonight？__1__It'syourteachers'wayofevaluatinghowmuchyouunderstandwhat'sgoingoninclass.Andithelpsstrengthenimportantconcepts.__2__It'sinvitingtostartwiththeeasythingstogetthemoutoftheway.However,you'llhavethemostenergyandfocuswhenyoubegin，soit'sbesttousethismentalpoweronthesubjectsthataremostchallenging.Later,whenyou'remoretired,youcanfocusonthesimplerthings.Ifyougetstuckonaproblem,trytofigureitoutaswellasyoucan—butdon'tspendtoomuchtimeonitbecausethiscanmessupyourhomeworkschedulefortherestofthenight.__3__Butdon'tpicksomeonewhomyou'llbeallnightchattingwithup,oryou'llnevergetitdone!Mostpeople'sattentionspansaren'tverylong,sotakesomebreakswhiledoingyourhomework.Sittingfortoolongwithoutrelaxingwillmakeyoulessproductivethanifyoustopeverysooften.Takinga15-minutebreakeveryhourisagoodideaformostpeople.__4__Onceyourhomeworkisdone,youcancheckitoverifyouhaveextratime.Besuretoputitawaysafelyinyourbackpack—there'snothingworsethanhavingacompletedassignmentthatyoucan'tfindthenextmorningorthatgetsruinedbyacarelessbrotherorsister.__5__Nowyou'refreetohangout.A．Homeworkisamajorpartofgoingtoschool.B．Luckily,youcandoafewthingstodolesshomework.C．Whenyoustartyourhomework,dealwiththehardesttasksfirst.D．Butifyou'rereallyconcentrating,waituntilit'sagoodtimetostop.E．Ifyouneedhelp,askanadultforhelporcalloremailaclassmateforadvice.F．Andnoteacherstillbelievesthat“chewedbythedog”lie—evenwhenit'strue!G．Inconclusion,nooneisexpectedtostaylong,andpeoplehaveverydifferentlearningstyles.本文是一篇說明文，主要對如何完成家庭作業(yè)提出了幾個建議：要從最難的題目起先、可適當尋求幫助、每一小時可以休息片刻、要仔細檢查等。1．A解析：空后的It指代A選項中的Homework。故選A項。2．C解析：依據(jù)下文soit'sbesttousethismentalpoweronthesubjectsthataremostchallenging可知，本段建議學生們先從最難的作業(yè)著手，因為一起先你最有精力，思想也最集中，故選C項。3．E解析：后句用到了連詞But，并提到不要找一個整晚只閑聊的人探討作業(yè)。故設(shè)空處應(yīng)當是說可以求助于哪些人，故選E項。4．D解析：上文提到“對于大部分人來說每小時休息15分鐘是個好辦法”，D項“但是假如你特別用心，那么也可以等到一個合適的時間停止”承接上文，故選D項。5．F解析：本段主要講要預防其他一些意外給作業(yè)帶來的破壞，由此可知F項正確。Ⅲ.完形填空Afterworkoneday,Igrabbedapizzafordinneratthemall.AsIwasheadinghome,Isawagirlsittinginacornerofthemall.Herhaircoveredherfaceandherbodywas__1__.Ideterminedtowalkpastherbecausethat'swhatweoftendo.Butsomethingmademeturn__2__.Ilearnedherage,andwhyshebeggedformoneyandlivedonthestreets.Herparents__3__yearsagoandshesufferedfromaseriousskindisease.Shewas__4__toworkbecauseofherdisabilityandhadtoliveinthesafestplaceshecoulddiscover.Shehadstayedinsheltersinthepast,butwastreated__5__.Shehadtoseekshelterfromthemalltokeepwarmoncolddays,buteventhemallshesaidwasn't__6__becausesecurity(保安部門)guardsalwaysthrewherout.I'moneofthosepeoplewhousedtobelievetherewasasystemof__7__tohelpher.Ideally,Iwouldliketobelieveinthat.IusedtothinkmaybeonedayIwould__8__“them”．MaybeonedayIwouldwinthelottery.ButwhenI__9__thatgirl,Ithoughttomyself,“Whatifnooneeverhelpedher?Whatifthisso-called__10__systemthatIbelievedindidn'tevenknowor__11__herexistence?WhatifIdidn'twinanymoney?Whatifshewasnotgoingtobearoundlongenoughto__12__that‘oneday’？”I__13__mydinnerwithherandgaveherallthemoneyIhad.Whensecurityguardscame,Italkedthemintoassistingher__14__drivingherawayliketheyusuallydid.Don't__15__onedaytocomebeforeyouhelpsomeone.Nowisthatoneday—nottomorrow,notnextweek.本文是一篇記敘文。作者通過自己的經(jīng)驗，說明白這樣一個道理：假如你可以做一些事情來減輕別人的苦難，要立刻去做，而不要等到那遙遠的某一天。1．A.hot B．heavyC．weak D．wet答案：C解析：依據(jù)第3空后的andshesufferedfromaseriousskindisease可知她的身體特別虛弱，故選C項。hot熱的；heavy重的；wet潮濕的。2.A.overB．backC．a(chǎn)wayD．up答案：B解析：依據(jù)下文可知某個東西讓我往回走。turnback往回走，是固定短語，故選B項。3．A.returnedB．removedC．quarreledD．died答案：D解析：依據(jù)第5空后的Shehadtoseekshelterfromthemalltokeepwarmoncolddays可知，這個女孩居無定所，由此推斷出她的父母應(yīng)當是去世了，故選D項。4．A.eagerB．readyC．unableD．curious答案：C解析：依據(jù)空后的becauseofherdisability可知她不能去工作，故選C項。5．A.badlyB．normallyC．carefullyD．patiently答案：A解析：依據(jù)Shehadtoseekshelterfromthemalltokeepwarmoncolddays可推斷出她在避難所被虐待，故選A項。normally正常地；carefully當心地；patiently耐性地。6．A.quietB．specialC．particularD．safe答案：D解析：依據(jù)空后的becausesecurity(保安部門)guardsalwaysthrewherout可知商場對于她來說，也是擔憂全的，故選D項。quiet寧靜的；special特殊的；particular特殊的。7．A.control B．supportC．decoration D．communication答案：B解析：那些人過去經(jīng)常信任會有救濟系統(tǒng)來幫助她，我也是其中之一，故選B項。control限制；decoration裝飾；communication溝通。8．A.respectB．watchC．helpD．encourage答案：C解析：依據(jù)第9空后的Whatifnooneeverhelpedher？可知，我過去經(jīng)常認為可能有一天，我會幫助“他們”，故選C項。respect敬重；watch觀看；encourage激勵。9．A.acceptedB．introducedC．persuadedD．noticed答案：D解析：此處指但是當我留意到那個女孩時。故選D項。10．A.foolishB．perfectC．simpleD．educational答案：B解析：很多人想象中的救助系統(tǒng)很完備，perfect完備的，故選B項。11．A.careaboutB．talkaboutC．writeaboutD．a(chǎn)rgueabout答案：A解析：依據(jù)語境可知此處指這個救助系統(tǒng)甚至不知道或者不關(guān)切她的存在，故選A項。careabout關(guān)切。12．A.admitB．imagineC．chooseD．see答案：D解析：此處指看不到那天。故選D項。admit承認；imagine想象；choose選擇。13．A.cookedB．sharedC．orderedD．prepared答案：B解析：我和她共享了我的晚餐，并且把我身上的錢都給了她。sharesth.withsb.與某人共享某物，故選B項。14．A.alongwithB．a(chǎn)sforC．exceptforD．insteadof答案：D解析：當保安過來的時候，我勸服他們要幫助她，而不是像平常一樣驅(qū)逐她，故選D項。alongwith和……一起；asfor至于；exceptfor除了……以外。15．A.worryaboutB．laughatC．waitforD．beginwith答案：C解析：依據(jù)下文Nowisthatoneday—nottomorrow，notnextweek.可知，不要等到某一天到來之后你才去幫助他人，故選C項。worryabout擔憂；laughat訕笑；beginwith以……起先。Ⅳ.語法填空AviolentearthquakestruckXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegiononMonday24February,2003，__1__killedasmanyas240peopleandinjured600,__2__(leave)tensofthousandsofpeoplehomeless.Luckily,theearthquakehappenedinthedaytimeafterpeoplehadalreadylefthome__3__workorschool.Manypeople__4__(save)becausetheywereoutside.Fortunately，alltheschoolchildrenweretakingpartin__5__ceremonyinthestreetandmanyadultswereworkinginthefieldswhenitstruck.“Myfamilyhadjustfinishedbreakfastwhenthehousestartedshakingandweheardaloudnoise.I__6__(immediate)pushedmygrandchildrenoutofthedoortosafetybeforethehousefelldown，”saidalocalwoman.Sadly,herneighborswere__7__(little)lucky:bothparentsdiedwhiletheirthreechildrenwereseriouslyinjured.Fortunately,rescueworkers__8__(arrive)veryquickly.ByTuesdaymostoftheinjuredhadreceivedmedicalcareorhadgonetohospital,andbyWednesdaythousandsoftents,campbedsandwarmquiltshadarrivedandallthe__9__(survivor)hadsomewheretosleep.Thenextstepwas__10__(bring)drinkingwatersupplyandelectricitybacktonormalassoonaspossible.本文講解并描述了2003年2月24日新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)發(fā)生劇烈地震的相關(guān)狀況。1．which解析：考查定語從句。設(shè)空處引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞是Aviolentearthquake，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，故填which。2．leaving解析：考查非謂語動詞。此處動詞leave與其邏輯主語Aviolentearthquake構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)運用現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，故填leaving。3．for解析：考查介詞。此處指人們已經(jīng)離開家去上班或上學了。leavesp.for“離開某地前往……”，故填for。4．were_saved解析：考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：很多人因為在外面而獲救。依據(jù)句意及上下文語境可知，此處應(yīng)運用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，故填weresaved。5．a(chǎn)解析：考查冠詞。此處泛指“一個典禮”，應(yīng)運用不定冠詞，故填a。6．immediately解析：考查副詞。此處修飾動詞應(yīng)運用副詞形式，故填immediately。7．less解析：考查副詞比較級。依據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“她的鄰居就沒那么幸運了”，應(yīng)運用比較級形式，故填less。8．a(chǎn)rrived解析：考查時態(tài)。依據(jù)語境可知，此處描述的是過去的事情，應(yīng)運用一般過去時，故填arrived。9．survivors解析：考查名詞的數(shù)。依據(jù)空前的all可知應(yīng)運用復數(shù)名詞，故填survivors。10．to_bring解析：考查不定式作表語。句意：下一步是使飲用水供應(yīng)和電力盡快復原正常。此處應(yīng)運用不定式作表語，故填tobring。Ⅴ.讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料，依據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一個完整的短文。續(xù)寫的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。In1989,freshoutofhighschool,Ihadthedifficulttaskofchoosingacareerpathbeforecollegestartedinthreemonths.InthosedaysinPakistan,therewerelimitedchoices:becomingadoctororanengineer,orenteringthefinancialworldaftergettingabusinessdegree.Iwasn'tinterestedinengineering,sothatIwasleftwithmedicineorbusiness.Icouldn'tdecide.MyunclesuggestedthatIdoaworkplacement(實習)toexperienceitforamonthinaninternationalcompanyfollowedbyamonthinahospital.Afterthat,Icouldmakeadecision.Itseemedlikeagoodidea.Iwasacceptedforamonth'splacementataforeignbankinKarachi.Igotafeelforhowtheworldoffinancefunctioned,madenewfriends,andgenerallyenjoyedthemostlyeasy-goingworksurroundings.Themonthpassedrapidly,andsoonIbeganworkingataleadinghospitalinKarachi.Theexperiencecouldn'thavebeenmoredifferent.Thehospitalhadastressfulenvironment.Thedaysstartedea