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閱讀理解說明文3年20題+最新模擬80題（真題+模擬）

解析版

目錄

技能專區(qū)1

真題專區(qū)1

模擬專區(qū)11

技能專區(qū)：沖刺備考名師提醒，洞悉高考命題規(guī)律，提供高效提分干貨

-閱讀理解說明文細(xì)節(jié)理解題注意落實(shí)“定位原文”和〃同義替換”技巧。

二數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算題注重“原文定位"和“細(xì)節(jié)理解"，弄清來龍去脈再計(jì)算。

三重視說明文“倒三角形”結(jié)構(gòu)，特別是首段和段首的獨(dú)特作用。

四、標(biāo)題概括題重視三性：概括性、簡(jiǎn)潔性和新穎性；同時(shí)聯(lián)系首段和關(guān)犍詞。

五說明文長(zhǎng)難句較多增加了理解的難度，落實(shí)〃括號(hào)法”，（從句）（非謂語）

（介詞短語）（名詞短語I

六、規(guī)范訓(xùn)練目標(biāo)：做標(biāo)記，留痕跡；零失誤；限時(shí)6分鐘/每篇。

真題專區(qū)：練真題，明方向；練技巧，提能力；練速度，提分?jǐn)?shù)！

（2023?新高考I卷）Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,including

adetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoleachyouhowtoadoptthis

philosophyifyoudecideifsrightfbryou.

Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inparione,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundations

ofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthatarcmakingsomanypeople's

digitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigital

minimalismphilosophy.

Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodtoradoptingthisphilosophy:thedigital

dcclultcr.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Atthe

endofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthat

youbelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.

Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I'llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.In

doingso,I'lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperforma

digitaldeclutter.You'llheartheseparticipants,storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,

andwhaitrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.

Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate（培養(yǎng)）

asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportance

ofsolitude（獨(dú)處）andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnow

spendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whichare

designedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolbox

meanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.

28.Whatisthebookaimedat?

A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.

C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.

29.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“dccluttcr“inparagraph3mean?

A.Clear-up.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.Take-over.

30.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?

A.Theoreticalmodels.B.Statisticalmethods.

C.Practicalexamples.D.Historicalanalyses.

31.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowilhthepracticesofferedinparttwo?

A.Usethemasneeded.B.Recommendthemtofriends.

C.Evaluatetheireffects.D.Identitytheideasbehindthem.

【答案】28.B29.A30.C31.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了數(shù)字極簡(jiǎn)主義生活方式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，倡導(dǎo)簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)

字生活方式。

28.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段"Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigital

minimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthento

teachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideifsrightforyou.（這本書的目標(biāo)是為數(shù)

試卷第2頁，共62頁

字極簡(jiǎn)主義辯護(hù)，包括詳細(xì)探索它的要求和為什么有效，然后如果你認(rèn)為它適合你，教你如

何采用這種哲學(xué)）”可知，這本書的目的是倡導(dǎo)簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)字生活方式。故選B。

29.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞下文"Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonline

activitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumber

ofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethings

youvahic.（這個(gè)過程要求你在30天內(nèi)遠(yuǎn)離可選的在線活動(dòng)。在30天結(jié)束的時(shí)候，你再加上

一些你認(rèn)為會(huì)給你所看重的東西帶來巨大好處的精心挑選的在線活動(dòng)廣可推知，畫線詞

“declutter”的意思是“清理”，對(duì)在線活動(dòng)進(jìn)行清理和挑選。故選A。

30.推理判斷題。通過文章第四段"Inthefinalchapterofpartone,rilguideyouthrough

carryingoutyourowndigitaldcclutter.Indoingso,PHdrawonanexperimentIranin2018

inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.（在第一部分的最后一章中，

我將指導(dǎo)您進(jìn)行自己的數(shù)字清理。在這樣做的過程中，我將借鑒我在2018年進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，

在該實(shí)驗(yàn)中，1600多人同意進(jìn)行數(shù)字清理）”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介紹了實(shí)驗(yàn)與數(shù)字

清理的實(shí)際例子。故選C。

31.推理判斷題。通過文章最后一段“Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaid

youreffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.（你可

以將這些實(shí)踐視為一個(gè)工具箱，旨在幫助你建立一種適合自己特定情況的極簡(jiǎn)主義生活方式），

可推知，作者建議讀者根據(jù)需要與實(shí)際情況使用第二部分中提及的實(shí)踐。故選A。

（2023?新高考I卷）OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaper

whichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentof

estimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependent

estimatescouldbequiteaccurate.

Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren'talwaysthe

same.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughofthese

errorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.If

peoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.In

moretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople'sestimatesbeindependent.Iffor

whateverreasons,people'serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewill

godown.

ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist（轉(zhuǎn)折）onthisclassic

phenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmaller

groupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccurate

thanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfrom

theestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverage

obtainedfrom20independentindividuals.

Inafollow-upstudywith10()universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseof

whatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemost

confidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingiochangeiheirminds?This

happenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn'tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreported

thatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether."Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoning

resultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsmany

questionsremainthepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.

32.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?

A.Themethodsofestimation.B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.

C.Thecausesofpeople'serrors.D.ThedesignofGalton'sexperiment.

33.Navajas*studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif

A.thecrowdswererelativelysmallB.therewereoccasionalunderestimates

C.individualsdidnotcommunicateD.estimateswerenotfullyindependent

34.Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?

A.Thesizeofthegroups.B.Thedominantmembers.

C.Thediscussionprocess.D.Theindividualestimates.

35.Whatistheauthor\attitudetowardNavajas5studies?

A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.

【答案】32.B33.D34,C35?D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。沒有人是一座孤島，文章陳述了“群體智慧”效應(yīng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，在某

些情況下大量獨(dú)立估計(jì)的平均值可能是相當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確的。

32.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容”Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemake

errors,thoseerrorsaren'talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andcome

tounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachother

out,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesame

errors,thentheirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomof

試卷第4頁，共62頁

crowdsrequiresthatpeople'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,peoples

errorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown?（這種效應(yīng)

利用了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即當(dāng)人們犯錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，這些錯(cuò)誤并不總是相同的。有些人常常會(huì)高估，

或者低估。當(dāng)這些誤差中有足夠多的誤差被平均在一起時(shí)，它們會(huì)相互抵消，從而產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)

確的估計(jì)。如果相似的人傾向于犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤，那么他們的錯(cuò)誤不會(huì)相互抵消。從更專業(yè)的

角度來說，群眾的智慧要求人們的估計(jì)是獨(dú)立的。如果由于任何原因，人們的錯(cuò)誤變得相關(guān)

或依賴，估計(jì)的準(zhǔn)確性就會(huì)下降。廣可知，本段闡述了人們所犯的錯(cuò)誤不總是相同的，各不

相同的誤差平均在一起，相互抵消就會(huì)產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的估計(jì)，討論了獨(dú)立估計(jì)的平均如何由于

誤差的消除而導(dǎo)致更準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測(cè)。因此本段主要解釋了“群體智慧”效應(yīng)這一現(xiàn)象的基本邏輯。

故選B。

33.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthat

people'sestimatesbeindependent.（從更專業(yè)的角度來說，群眾的智慧要求人們的估計(jì)是獨(dú)立

的。）''和第三段的“Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdivided

intosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroups

weremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.For

instance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewas

significantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.（這項(xiàng)

研究的關(guān)鍵發(fā)現(xiàn)是，當(dāng)人群被進(jìn)一步劃分為允許進(jìn)行討論的小組時(shí)，這些小組的平均值比同

等數(shù)量的獨(dú)立個(gè)體的平均值更準(zhǔn)確。例如，從四個(gè)五人討論組的估計(jì)中獲得的平均值明顯比

從20個(gè)獨(dú)立個(gè)體獲得的平均值更準(zhǔn)確。）”可知，人們?cè)跊]有獨(dú)立的情況下，分成更小群體,

平均值是更準(zhǔn)確的，說明即使在估計(jì)數(shù)字并非完全獨(dú)立的情況下，準(zhǔn)確率提高也是可以做到

的。故選D。

34.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,the

researcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheir

discussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didthey

followthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?（在一項(xiàng)針對(duì)100名大學(xué)生的后續(xù)研究中，研

究人員試圖更好地了解小組成員在討論中的實(shí)際行為。他們是否傾向于選擇那些對(duì)自己的估

計(jì)最有信心的人？他們追隨那些最不愿意改變主意的人嗎？戶可知，在后續(xù)研究中，研究人

員試圖更好地了解小組成員在討論中實(shí)際做了什么。結(jié)合兩個(gè)問題，因此可知后續(xù)研究的重

點(diǎn)是小組內(nèi)的討論過程。故選C。

35.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容“AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsand

manyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-making

areenormous.（盡管Navajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究有局限性，仍存在許多問題，但對(duì)小組討論和決策的

潛在影響是巨大的。）”可知，作者認(rèn)為雖然Navajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究有局限性也存在許多問題，

但對(duì)小組討論和決策的潛在影響巨大。因此推斷作者對(duì)于Navajas的研究表示一定的贊許和

支持。故選D。

（2022?新高考I卷）Theelderlyresidents（g民）incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhens

tolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.

Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善組織）toreducelonelinessandimprove

elderlypeople'swellbeing,Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillness

ofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensarein

use.

Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:"Iusedtokeephens

whenIwasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool.

liketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutand

downthereagainatnighttosecthey'vegonetobed.”

"It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehens

andresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeels

greattohavedonesomethingusefUL”

Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthe

charityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.

WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,

said:"Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wcarclooking

forwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”

LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:uWearehappytobetakingpartinthe

project.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”

28.Whatisthepui-poseoftheproject?

A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes.

B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.

C.TDraisemoneyformedicalresearch.

D.Topromotetheelderlypeople'swelfare.

試卷第6頁，共62頁

29.HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?

A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills.

B.Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.

C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory.

D.Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.

30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?

A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate.

31.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Itiswellreceived.B.Itneedstobemorecreative.

C.Itishighlyprofitable.D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.

【答案】28D29.B30.C31.A

【分析】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了旨在減少孤獨(dú)，改善老年人的健康狀況的項(xiàng)目。

28.Do推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段**Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善

組織）toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeopleJswellbeing（該項(xiàng)目由當(dāng)?shù)匾患掖壬茩C(jī)

構(gòu)構(gòu)想，旨在減少孤獨(dú)，改善老年人的健康狀況）”可知，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的目的是為了提高老年人

的幸福。故選D。

29.Bo推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“"It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeen

bringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I'

menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.w（有不同

的關(guān)注點(diǎn)很好。人們把自己的孩子帶進(jìn)來看母雞，居民們也來外面坐著看它們。我喜歡創(chuàng)造

性的活動(dòng)，做一些有用的事情的感覺很好）”可推知，RuthXavier通過該項(xiàng)目獲得了一種成

就感。故選B。

30.Co詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段"Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectand

thecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringto

peoplehere.（居民們非常歡迎該項(xiàng)目的想法和創(chuàng)意會(huì)議。我們期待這個(gè)項(xiàng)目能給這里的人們

帶來好處和樂趣）”以及劃線處前的"oneofthefirst（第一批人之一）”可知WendyWilson是

著手這項(xiàng)工程的人之一，劃線處的含義與C項(xiàng)：“Begin（開始）”含義相近。故選C。

31.A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段"Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectand

thecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringto

peoplehere.（居民們非常歡迎該項(xiàng)目的想法和創(chuàng)意會(huì)議。我們期待這個(gè)項(xiàng)目能給這里的人們

帶來好處和樂趣）”以及最后一段uLynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“We

arehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthrougha

sharedinterestandcreativeactivities.w（"諾丁山路徑”的負(fù)責(zé)人林恩?劉易斯說:我們很高

興能參與這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。它將通過共同的興趣和創(chuàng)造性活動(dòng)真正幫助我們的居民聯(lián)系起來）“可知，

該項(xiàng)目的反響很好。故選A。

（2022?新高考I卷）Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthe

common"m"and"a"totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertain

soundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsihatdiet-relaied

changesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,

suchas'f'and"v"，weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.Nowa

teamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowand

whythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned（對(duì)齊）,

makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.

Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure（結(jié)構(gòu)）,makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.

Theteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagriculturein

theNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thavetodoas

muchworkandsodidn'tgrowtobesolarge.

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundof

worldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseofand"v"increasingremarkablyduringthe

lastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gatherer

peopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhuman

beingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundswcusehasnotnecessarily

remainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsounds

thatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandcultural

evolution,saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.

32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamianBlasi'sresearchfocuson?

A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.

33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?

A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.

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B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.

C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.

D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.

34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.

B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.

C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.

D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.

35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?

A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.

B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.

C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.

D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.

【答案】32.D33.C34.A35.C

【導(dǎo)語】本篇是一篇說明文。主要介紹因?yàn)轱嬍车母淖儗?dǎo)致了現(xiàn)在在世界上一半的語言中發(fā)

現(xiàn)了新的語音。

32.Do細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharles

Hockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas"f"andnv*\weremore

commoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.Nowateamofresearchersledby

DamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrend

arose.（30多年前，學(xué)者CharlesHockett注意到，被稱為唇齒音的語音，如“f”和“v”，

在吃軟食物的社會(huì)的語言中更常見?，F(xiàn)在，瑞士蘇黎世大學(xué)的DamianBlasi領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一組研究

人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一趨勢(shì)產(chǎn)生的方式和原因。）'何知DamianBlasi的研究重點(diǎn)是在語言的演變上。

故選D。

33.Co細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的"Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethof

ancienthumanadultswerealigned）makingithardtoproducelabiodentals*whichareformed

bytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure,

makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，古人類的上門牙和下門牙是對(duì)齊的，因

此很難產(chǎn)生唇齒音，唇齒音是通過下唇接觸上牙齒而形成的。后來，我們的下顆變成了覆蓋

咬合結(jié)構(gòu)，更容易發(fā)出這樣的聲音）”可知，因?yàn)楣糯赡耆说南骂w結(jié)構(gòu)使他們很難發(fā)出唇齒

音。故選C。

34.Ao主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段中的"Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthat

therewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesafterthesoNeolithicage,withthe

useof"f"andincreasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesounds

arestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.（對(duì)語言數(shù)據(jù)庫的分

析也證實(shí)，在新石器時(shí)代之后，世界語言的發(fā)音發(fā)生了全球性的變化，在過去幾千年里，“f”

和“v”的使用顯著增加。這些聲音在今天許多狩獵采集者的語言中仍然沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)）”可知，

笫五段主要是通過列明數(shù)據(jù)分析結(jié)果來進(jìn)一步證明研究結(jié)果。故選Ao

35.C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“"Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarily

remainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeech

soundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiological

changeandculturalevolution,saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.（研究小組

成員StevenMoran說：“自從人類出現(xiàn)以來，我們使用的語音不一定保持穩(wěn)定，我們今天發(fā)

現(xiàn)的各種語音都是生物變化和文化進(jìn)化等復(fù)雜相互作用的產(chǎn)物可知，StevenMoran認(rèn)

為語音是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的動(dòng)態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選C。

（2021?新高考I卷）WhcntheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,the

skiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencare

ofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswho

followedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl（水

禽）werekilledalthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.

Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatly

reducingwaterfowlhabitat（棲息地）.

In1934,withthepassageoftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct（Act）,anincreasingly

concernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmigratory（遷徙的）waterfowlandthe

wetlandssovitaltotheirsurvivaLUnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandover

mustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.TheveryfirstFederalDuckStampwas

designedbyJ.N.“Ding”DarlingapoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines,Iowa,whoatthattimewas

appointedbyPresidentFranklinRooseveltasDirectoroftheBureauofBiologicalSurvey.Hunters

willinglypaythestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofournaturalresources.

About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBirdConservation

FundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclusionintotheNationalWildlifeRefuge

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System—afactthatensuresthislandwillbeprotectedandavailableforailgenerationstocome.

Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5

millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhasbeencalledoneofthe

mostsuccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated.

28.WhatwasacauseofthewaterfowlpopulationdeclineinNorthAmerica?

A.Lossofwetlands.B.Popularityofwatersports.

C.Pollutionofrivers.D.Arrivalofotherwildanimals.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decimate“meaninthefirstparagraph?

A.Acquire.B.Export.C.Destroy.D.Distribute.

30.WhatisadirectresultoftheActpassedin1934?

A.Thestamppricehasgonedown.

B.Themigratorybirdshaveflownaway.

C.Thehuntershavestoppedhunting.

D.Thegovernmenthascollectedmoney.

31.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TheFederalDuckStampStory

B.TheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem

C.TheBenefitsofSavingWaterfowl

D.TheHistoryofMigratoryBirdHunting

【答案】28-31ACDA

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了由于棲息地減少，美國水禽驟減，因此聯(lián)邦發(fā)行鴨

票，狩獵者只有購買鴨票才能狩獵，而鴨票的部分收入進(jìn)入用于購買水禽棲息地的基金，從

而保護(hù)水禽。

28.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段wMillionsofwaterfowlwerekilledatthehandsofmarkethunters

andahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeed

andhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.（數(shù)百萬只水禽

被市場(chǎng)獵人和一些野心勃勃的運(yùn)動(dòng)員殺死。數(shù)百萬英畝的濕地被抽干，以養(yǎng)活和安置不斷增

加的人口，大大減少了水禽的棲息地）”可知，數(shù)百萬英畝的濕地被抽干用作農(nóng)地或者修建住

房，導(dǎo)致水禽的棲息地減少，水禽數(shù)量下降。故選A。

29.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段aNativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnatural

resourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafew

decadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.（美洲原住民明智地保護(hù)了這些寶貴的自然

資源。不幸的是，僅僅幾十年的探險(xiǎn)家和定居者就decimate這些資源的大部分）”可知，前

后句形成轉(zhuǎn)折，前一句陳述美洲原住民保護(hù)這些寶貴的自然資源，所以后句表示探險(xiǎn)家和定

居者破壞了這些自然資源，推測(cè)劃線單詞表示“破壞"，與destroy同義。故選C。

30.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothat

Fundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.（自1934年以來，己有超過5億美元投

入該基金，用于購買500多萬英畝的棲息地）”可知，自1934年通過法案，政府獲得超過5

億美元，已經(jīng)籌集了很多資金，以購買水禽棲息地。故選D。

31.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageand

overmustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.（根據(jù)該法案，所有16歲及以

上的水禽獵人必須每年購買并攜帶聯(lián)邦鴨章）”以及第三段“LittlewondertheFederalDuck

StampProgramhasbeencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramsever

initiated.（難怪聯(lián)邦鴨票計(jì)劃被稱為有史以來最成功的保護(hù)計(jì)劃之一）”可知，本文主要講述了

聯(lián)邦鴨票的故事，所以“聯(lián)邦鴨票的故事”可以作為文章標(biāo)題。故選A。

模擬專區(qū)：做好題才有好成績(jī)！練技能，補(bǔ)漏洞，提分?jǐn)?shù)，強(qiáng)信心！

（2023上?江蘇泰州?高三江蘇省興化中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí)）WhileHuawei'sofficialwebsite

doesnotcallMate60Proa5Gsmartphone,thephone'swidebandcapabilitiesareocDanwithother

5Gsmartphones,raisingarelatedquestion:Asaleaderin5Gtechnology,hasHuaweimanagedto

developa5Gsmartphoneonitsown?

Theanswerisnotsimple.Huawei,asapioneeringlobal5Gcommunicationequipment,has

playedaleadingroleinihecommercializationof5Gtechnology,withitsstrongsystemdesignand

fieldssuchasbasebandchips（基帶芯片），basebandprocessorsand5Gmodems.

However,basebandsandmodemsarenottheonlyaspectsthatdefine5Gwireless

communication.Thestabilityandhigh-qualitysignalsofa5Gsmartphonealsodependonother

criticalcomponentssuchasRFtransceivers（射頻收發(fā)器）andRFfrontendsandantennas（天線）.

ThesecomponentsarelargelydominatedbyfourUShigh-techgiants-Qualcomm,Avago

Technologies,AnsemandQorvo-whichaccountforasurprisingglobalmarketshare.

Huaweihasfacedsignificantchallengesingettingcriticalcomponentsbecauseofthesanctions

imposedbytheUnitedStateswhichareprimarilyresponsiblefortheinabilityoftheChinese

companytolaunch5Gsmartphonesinthepastthreeyears.However,Mate60Pro,despitenot

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beinglabeleda5Gdevice,exhibitsmobilenetworkspeedscomparabletoApple'slatest5G-cnablcd

devices,offeringastablecommunicationexperience.ThissuggestsHuaweihas,overthepastthree

years,overcomethe5GdevelopmentandproductionlimitsduetotheUSsanctionsbycooperating

withdomesticpartners,andestablishinganindependentandcontrollablestablesupplychain.

ConsideringthatHuaweihasnotexplicitlymarketedthisdeviceasa5Gsmartphone,itis

possiblethatitisyettofullyovercomesomekeycoretechnologicalandcomponential

shortcomings.Forthetimebeing,wecanconsiderHuawei'sMate60Proas4.99G.Butwhen

combinedwiththesatellitecommunicationcapabilitiesofMate60Pro,itisclearHuaweihasbeen

tryingtofindmoreadvancedwirelesscommunicationsolutionsforsmartphonesandmaking

significantprogressinthisattempt.Thisshouldberecognizedasaremarkableendeavor,evena

breakthrough.

i.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“onparwith“meaninParagraph1?

A.aspooras.B.asgoodas.C.worsethan.D.betterthan.

2.WhywasittoughforHuaweitodevelopa5Gsmartphonethreeyearsago?

A.Itssystemdesignandfieldsneededtobeupdated.

B.Itonlyfocusedonthecommercializationof5Gtechnology.

C.Itwasunwillingtocooper