近幾年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題及答案

2010年6月四級(jí)A

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayon

thetopicofDueAttentionShouldBeGivenToSpelling.Youshouldwriteatleast

12()wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.如今不少學(xué)生在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中不重視拼寫

2.出現(xiàn)這種情況的原因

3.為了改變這種狀況，我認(rèn)為...

DueAttentionShouldBeGivenToSpelling

PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassage

quicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethe

bestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,

completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

CaughtintheWeb

Afewmonthsago,itwasn'tunusualfor47-year-oldCarlaToebetospend15

hoursperdayonline.She'dwakeupearly,turnonherlaptopandchatonInternet

datingsitesandinstant-messagingprograms-leavingherbedforonlybrief

intervals.Herhouseholdbillspiledup,alongwiththedishesanddirtylaundry,but

ittooknear-constantcomplaintsfromherfourdaughtersbeforesherealizedshehad

aproblem.

"Iwasstartingtofeellikemywholeworldwasfallingapart-kindofslipping

intoadepression,MsaidCarla."IknewthatifIdidn'tgetoffthedatingsites,I'djust

keepgoing/'detaching(使脫離)herselffurtherfromtheoutsideworld.

Toebe'sconclusion:Shefeltlikeshewas"addicted"totheInternet.She'snot

alone.

ConcernaboutexcessiveInternetuseisn'tnew.Asfarbackas1995,articlesin

medicaljournalsandtheestablishmentofaPennsylvaniatreatmentcenterfor

overusersgeneratedinterestinthesubject.There'sstillnoconsensusonhowmuch

timeonlineconstitutestoomuchorwhetheraddictionispossible.

ButasrelianceontheWebgrows,therearesignsthatthequestionisgetting

moreseriousattention:Lastmonth,astudypublishedinCNSSpectrumsclaimedto

bethefirstlarge-scalelookatexcessiveInternetuse.TheAmericanPsychiatric

AssociationmayconsiderlistingInternetaddictioninthenexteditionofits

diagnosticmanual.Andscoresofonlinediscussionboardshavepoppedupon

whichpeoplediscussnegativeexperiencestiedtotoomuchtimeontheWeb.

"There'snoquestionthatthere'repeoplewho'reseriouslyintroublebecause

they'reoverdoingtheirInternetinvolvement,"saidpsychiatrist（精神科醫(yī)生）Ivan

Goldberg.Goldbergcallstheproblemadisorderratherthanatrueaddiction.

JonathanBishop,aresearcherinWalesspecializinginonlinecommunities,is

moreskeptical."TheInternetisanenvironment/'hesaid."Youcan'tbeaddictedto

theenvironment."Bishopdescribestheproblemassimplyamatterofpriorities,

whichcanbesolvedbyencouragingpeopletoprioritizeotherlifegoalsandplans

inplaceoftimespentonline.

ThenewCNSSpectrumsstudywasbasedonresultsofanationwidetelephone

surveyofmorethan2,500adults.Likethe2005survey,thisonewasconductedby

StanfordUniversityresearchers.About6%ofrespondentsreportedthat"their

relationshipssufferedbecauseofexcessiveInternetuse."About9%attemptedto

conceal"nonessentialInternetuse,"andnearly4%reportedfeeling"preoccupiedby

theInternetwhenoffline."

About8%saidtheyusedtheInternetasawaytoescapeproblems,andalmost

14%reportedthey"foundithardtostayawayfromtheInternetforseveraldaysata

time."

"TheInternetproblemisstillinitsinfancy,"saidEliasAboujaoude,aStanford

professor.Nosingleonlineactivityisloblameforexcessiveuse,hesaid."They're

onlineinchatrooms,checkinge-mail,orwritingblogs.[Theproblemis]not

limitedtoporn（色情）orgambling"websites.

ExcessiveInternetuseshouldbedefinednotbythenumberofhoursspent

onlinebutnintermsoflosses/saidMaressaOrzack,aHarvardUniversity

professor."Ififsaloss[where]you'renotgettingtowork,andfamilyrelationships

arebreakingdownasaresult,thenit'stoomuch."

Sincetheearly1990s,severalclinicshavebeenestablishedintheU.S.totreat

heavyInternetusers.TheyincludetheCenterforInternetAddictionRecoveryand

theCenterforInternetBehavior.

ThewebsiteforOrzack'scenterliststhefollowingamongthepsychological

symptomsofcomputeraddiction:

?Havingasenseofwell-being（幸福）orexcitementwhileatthecomputer.

?Longingformoreandmoretimeatthecomputer.

?Neglectoffamilyandfriends.

?Feelingempty,depressedorirritablewhennotatthecomputer.

?Lyingtoemployersandfamilyaboutactivities.

?Inabilitytostoptheactivity.

?Problemswithschoolorjob.

Physicalsymptomslistedincludedryeyes,backaches,skippingmeals,poor

personalhygiene（衛(wèi)生）andsleepdisturbances.

PeoplewhostrugglewithexcessiveInternetusemaybedepressedorhave

othermooddisorders,Orzacksaid.WhenshediscussesInternethabitswithher

patients,theyoftenreportthatbeingonlineoffersa"senseofbelonging,andescape,

excitement[and]fun,*'shesaid."Somepeoplesayrelief...becausetheyfind

themselvessorelaxed."

SomepartsoftheInternetseemtodrawpeopleinmorethanothers.Internet

gamersspendcountlesshourscompetingingamesagainstpeoplefromalloverthe

world.Onesuchgame,calledWorldofWarcraft,iscitedonmanysitesbyposters

complainingofa"gamingaddiction."

AndrewHeidrich,aneducationnetworkadministratorfromSacramento,plays

WorldofWarcraftforabouttwotofourhourseveryothernight,butthat'snothing

comparedwiththe40to60hoursaweekhespentplayingonlinegameswhenhe

wasincollege.Hecutbackonlyafterafull-scalefamilyintervention（干預(yù)），in

whichrelativestoldhimhe'dgainedweight.

"There'sthiswholecultureofcompetitionthatsuckspeoplein"withonline

gaming,saidHeidrich,nowafatheroftwo."Peopledoitattheexpenseof

everythingthatwasaconstantintheirlives."Heidrichnowvisitswebsitesthat

discussgamingaddictionregularly"toremindmyselftokeepmyloveforonline

gamesincheck."

ToebealsoregularlyvisitsasitewherepostersdiscussInternetoveruse.In

August,whenshefirstrealizedshehadaproblem,shepostedamessageona

YahooInternetaddictiongroupwiththesubjectline:"IhaveanInternet

Addiction."

"I'mself-employedandneedtheInternetformywork,butI'mfailingto

accomplishmywork,totakecareofmyhome,togiveattentiontomychildren/she

wroteinamessagesenttothegroup."Ihavenomoneyorinsurancetoget

professionalhelp;Ican'tevenpaymymortgage（抵押貸款）andfacelosing

everything.”

Sincethen,Toebesaid,shehaskeptherpromisetoherselftocutbackonher

Internetuse."Ihaveaboyfriendnow,andI'mnotinieresiedinonlinedating,'1she

saidbyphonelastweek."It'salotbetternow."

注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。

1.WhateventuallymadeCarlaToeberealizeshewasspendingtoomuchtime

ontheInternet?

A)Herdaughter'srepeatedcomplaints.

B)Fatigueresultingfromlackofsleep.

C)Thepoorlymanagedstateofherhouse.

D)Thehighfinancialcostsaddingup.

2.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutexcessiveInternetuse?

A)Peopleshouldbewarnedofitsharmfulconsequences.

B)Ithasbecomevirtuallyinevitable.

C)Ithasbeensomewhatexaggerated.

D)Peoplehaven'tyetreachedagreementonitsdefinition.

3.JonathanBishopbelievesthattheInternetoveruseproblemcanbesolvedif

people.

A)trytoimprovetheInternetenvironment

B)becomeawareofitsseriousconsequences

C)canrealizewhatisimportantinlife

D)canreachaconsensusonitsdefinition

4.AccordingtoProfessorMaressaOrzack,Internetusewouldbeconsidered

excessiveif.

A)itseriouslyaffectedfamilyrelationships

B)onevisitedpornwebsitesfrequently

C)toomuchtimewasspentinchatrooms

D)peoplegotinvolvedinonlinegambling

5.AccordingtoOrzack,peoplewhostrugglewithheavyrelianceonthe

Internetmayfeel.

A)discouraged

B)pressured

C)depressed

D)puzzled

6.WhydidAndreHeidrichcutbackonlinegaming?

A)Hehadlostalotofmoney.

B)Hisfamilyhadintervened.

C)Hehadoffendedhisrelatives.

D)Hiscareerhadbeenruined.

7.AndrewHeidrichnowvisitswebsitesthatdiscussonlinegamingaddiction

to.

A)improvehisonlinegamingskills

B)curbhisdesireforonlinegaining

C)showhowgoodheisatonlinegaming

D)exchangeonlinegamingexperience

8.Inoneofthemessagesshepostedonawebsite,Toebcadmittedthatshe

9.ExcessiveInternetusehadrenderedToebesopoorthatshecouldn'tafford

toseek.

10.Nowthatshesgotaboyfriend,Toebeisnolongercrazyabout.

PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2long

conversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeasked

aboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonly

once.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthe

fourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Then

markthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthe

centre.

注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。恒星英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)

11.

A)Hehasprovedtobeabetterreaderthanthewoman.

B)Hehasdifficultyunderstandingthebook.

C)Hecannotgetaccesstotheassignedbook.

D)Hecannotfinishhisassignmentbeforethedeadline.

12.

A)Shewilldrivethemantothesupermarket.

B)Themanshouldbuyacarofhisown.

C)Themanneedn'tgoshoppingeveryweek.

D)Shecanpickthemanupatthegrocerystore.

13.

A)Getmorefoodanddrinks.

B)Askhisfriendtocomeover.

C)Tidyuptheplace.

D)Holdaparty.

14.

A)ThetalkscanbeheldanydayexceptthisFriday.

B)HecouldchangehisscheduletomeetJohnSmith.

C)Thefirst-roundtalksshouldstartassoonaspossible.

D)ThewomanshouldcontactJohnSmithfirst.

15.

A)Heunderstandsthewoman'sfeelings.

B)Hehasgonethroughasimilarexperience.

C)Thewomanshouldhavegoneonthefieldtrip.

D)Theteacherisjustfollowingtheregulations.

16.

A)Shewillmeetthemanhalfway.

B)ShewillaskDavidtotalkless.

C)Sheissorrythemanwillnotcome.

D)ShehastoinviteDavidtotheparty.

17.

A)FewstudentsunderstandProf.Johnson'slectures.

B)FewstudentsmeetProf.Jonson'srequirements.

C)ManystudentsfindProf.Johnson'slecturesboring.

D)ManystudentshavedroppedProf.Johnson'sclass.

18.

A)Checktheircomputerfiles.

B)Makesomecomputations.

C)Studyacomputerprogram.

D)Assembleacomputer.

Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.

A)Itallowshimtomakealotoffriends.

B)Itrequireshimtoworklonghours.

C)Itenableshimtoapplytheorytopractice.

D)Ithelpshimunderstandpeoplebetter.

2().

A)Iiisintelleciuallychallenging.

B)Itrequireshimtodowashing-upallthetime.

C)Itexposeshimtooilysmokealldaylong.

D)Itdemandsphysicalenduranceandpatience.

21.

A)Inahospital.

B)Atacoffeeshop.

C)Atalaundry.

D)Inahotel.

22.

A)Gettingalongwellwithcolleagues.

B)Payingattentiontoeverydetail.

C)Planningeverythinginadvance.

D)Knowingtheneedsofcustomers.

Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

23.

A)ThepocketmoneyBritishchildrenget.

B)TheannualinflationrateinBritain.

C)ThethingsBritishchildrenspendmoneyon.

D)TherisingcostofraisingachildinBritain.

24.

A)Itenableschildrentolivebetter.

B)Itgoesdownduringeconomicrecession.

C)Itoftenriseshigherthaninflation.

D)Ithasgoneup25%inthepastdecade.

25.

A)Saveupfortheirfutureeducation.

B)Payforsmallpersonalthings.

C)Buytheirownshoesandsocks.

D)Makedonationswhennecessary.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeach

passage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbe

spokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfrom

thefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

PassageOne

Questions26to29arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

26.

A)Districtmanagers.

B)Regularcustomers.

C)Salesdirectors.

D)Seniorclerks.

27.

A)Thesupportprovidedbytheregularclients.

B)Theinitiativeshownbythesalesrepresentatives.

C)Theurgencyofimplementingthecompany'splans.

D)Theimportantpartplayedbydistrictmanagers.

28.

A)Someofthemwerepolitical-minded.

B)Fiftypercentofthemwerefemale.

C)Onethirdofthemwereseniormanagers.

D)Mostofthemwereratherconservative.

29.

A)Heusedtoomanyquotations.

B)Hewasnotgendersensitive.

C)Hedidnotkeeptothepoint.

D)Hespenttoomuchtimeondetails.

PassageTwo

Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

3().

A)Stateyourproblemtotheheadwaiter.

B)Demandadiscountonthedishesordered.

C)Asktoseethemanagerpolitelybutfirmly.

D)Askthenameofthepersonwaitingonyou.

31.

A)Youproblemmaynotbeunderstoodcorrectly.

B)Youdon'tknowifyouarecomplainingattherighttime.

C)Yourcomplaintmaynotreachthepersonincharge.

D)Youcan'ttellhowthepersononthelineisreacting.

32.

A)Demandapromptresponse.

B)Provideallthedetails.

C)Senditbyexpressmail.

D)Sticktothepoint.

PassageThree

Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

33.

A)Fashiondesigner

B)Architect.

C)Cityplanner.

D)Engineer.

34.

A)Dosomevolunteerwork.

B)Getawellpaidparttimejob.

C)Workflexiblehours.

D)Gobacktoherpreviouspost.

35.

A)Fewbaby-sitterscanbeconsideredtrustworthy.

B)Itwilladdtothefamily'sfinancialburden.

C)Ababy-sitterisnoreplacementforamother.

D)Thechildrenwon'tgetalongwithababy-sitter.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthe

passageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.

Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarcrequiredtofillintheblanks

numberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanks

numberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.For

theseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedown

themainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenihepassageisreadfortheIhird

time,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.

注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

Almosteverychild,onthefirstdayhesetsfootinaschoolbuilding,issmarter,

more(36),lessafraidofwhathedoesn'tknow,betteratfindingand(37)

thingsout,moreconfident,resourceful(機(jī)敏的)，persistentand(38)

thanhewilleverbeagaininhisschooling-or,unlessheisvery(39)

andverylucky,fortherestofhislife.Already,bypayingcloseattentionto

and(40)withtheworldandpeoplearoundhim,andwithoutany

school-type(41)instruction,hehasdoneataskfarmoredifficult,

complicatedand(42)ihananythinghewillbeaskedtodoinschool,orthan

anyofhisteachershasdoneforyears.Hehassolvedthe(43)oflanguage.

Hehasdiscoveredit-babiesdon'tevenknowthatlanguageexists-and(44)

__________________________________________________.liehasdoneitby

exploring,byexperimenting,bydevelopinghisownmodelofthegrammarof

language,(45)untilit

doeswork.Andwhilehehasbeendoingthis,hehasbeenlearningotherthingsas

well,(46),andmany

thataremorecomplicatedthantheonestheydotrytoteachhim.PartIV

ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequired

toselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbank

followingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyour

choices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthe

correspondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthe

centre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Whenwethinkofgreenbuildings,wetendtothinkofnewones-thekindof

high-tech,solar-paneledmasterpiecesthatmakethecoversofarchitecture

magazines.ButtheU.S.hasmorethan100millionexistinghomes,anditwouldbe

—47_wastefultotearthemalldownand__48_themwithgreenerversions.An

enormousamountofenergyandresourceswentintotheconstructionofthose

houses.Anditwouldtakeanaverageof65yearsforthe__49__carbonemissions

fromanewenergy-efficienlhometomakeupfortheresourceslostbydestroying

anoldone.Sointhebroadest__50_,thegreenesthomeistheonethathasalready

beenbuilt.Butatthesametime,nearlyhalfofU.S.carbonemissionscomefrom

heating,coolingand_51—ourhomes,officesandotherbuildings."Youcan'tdeal

withclimatechangewithoutdealingwithexistingbuildings,'1saysRichardMoe,

thepresidentoftheNationalTrust.

Withsome_52_,theoldesthomestendtobetheleastenergy-efficient.

Housesbuikbefore1939useabout50%moreenergypersquarefoolthanthose

builtafter20(X),mainlyduetothetinycracksandgapsthat__53__overtimeand

letinmoreoutsideair.

Fortunately,therearea_54_numberofrelativelysimplechangesthatcan

greenolderhomes,from_55_oneslikeLincoln'sCottagetoyourownpostwar

home.Andefficiencyupgrades(升級(jí))cansavemorethanjusttheearth;theycan

help_56_propertyownersfromrisingpowercosts.

注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

A)accommodations

B)clumsy

C)doubtful

D)exceptions

E)expand

F)historic

G)incredibly

H)powering

I)protect

J)reduced

K)replace

L)sense

M)shifted

N)supplying

O)vast

SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedby

somequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoices

markedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Youneverseehim,butthey'rewithyoueverytimeyoufly.Theyrecordwhere

youaregoing,howfastyou'retravelingandwhethereverythingonyourairplaneis

functioningnormally.Theirabilitytowithstandalmostanydisastermakesthem

seemlikesomethingoutofacomicbook.TheyYeknownastheblackbox.

Whenplanesfallfromthesky,asaYemeniairlinerdidonitswaytoComoros

IslandsintheIndiaoceanJune30,2009,theblackboxisthebestbetforidentifying

whatwentwrong.SowhenaFrenchsubmarine(潛水艇)detectedthedevice's

homingsignalfivedayslater,thediscoverymarkedahugesteptowarddetermining

thecauseofatragedyinwhich152passengerswerekilled.

In1958,AustralianscientistDavidWarrendevelopedaflight-memory

recorderthatwouldtrackbasicinformationlikealtitudeanddirection.Thatwasthe

firstmodeforablackbox,whichbecamearequirementonallU.S.commercial

flightsby1960.Earlymodelsoftenfailedtowithstandcrashes,however,soin1965

thedevicewascompletelyredesignedandmovedtotherearoftheplane-thearea

leastsubjecttoimpact-fromitsoriginalpositioninthelandingwells(起落架艙).

Thesameyear,theFederalAviationAuthorityrequiredthattheboxes,whichwere

neveractuallyblack,bepaintedorangeoryellowtoaidvisibility.

Modernairplaneshavetwoblackboxes:avoicerecorder,whichtrackspilots*

conversations,andaflight-datarecorder,whichmonitorsfuellevels,enginenoises

andotheroperatingfunctionsthathelpinvestigatorsreconstructtheaircraft'sfinal

moments.Placedinaninsulated(隔絕的)caseandsurroundedbya

quarter-inch-thickpanelsofstainlesssteel,theboxescanwithstandmassiveforce

andtemperaturesupto2,000°I?.Whensubmerged,they'realsoabletoemitsignals

fromdepthsof20,000ft.ExpertsbelievetheboxesfromAirFranceFlight447,

whichcrashednearBrazilonJune1,2009,arcinwaternearlythatdeep,but

statisticssaythey'restilllikelytoturnup.Intheapproximately20deep-seacrashes

overthepast30years,onlyoneplane'sblackboxeswereneverrecovered.

注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

57.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheblackbox?

A)Itensuresthenormalfunctioningofanairplane.

B)Theideaforitsdesigncomesfromacomicbook.

C)Itsabilitytowardoffdisastersisincredible.

D)Itisanindispensabledeviceonanairplane.

58.WhatinformationcouldbefoundfromtheblackboxontheYemeni

airliner?

A)Dataforanalyzingthecauseofthecrash.

B)Thetotalnumberofpassengersonboard.

C)Thesceneofthecrashandextentofthedamage.

D)Homingsignalssentbythepilotbeforethecrash.

59.Whywastheblackboxredesignedin1965?

A)Newmaterialsbecameavailablebythatlime.

B)Toomuchspacewasneededforitsinstallation.

C)Theearlymodelsoftengotdamagedinthecrash.

D)Theearlymodelsdidn'tprovidetheneededdata.

60.WhydidtheFederalAviationAuthorityrequiretheblackboxesbepainted

orangeoryellow?

A)Todistinguishthemfromthecolouroftheplane.

B)Tocautionpeopletohandlethemwithcarc.

C)Tomakethemeasilyidentifiable.

D)Toconformtointernationalstandards.

61.WhatdoweknowabouttheblackboxesfromAirFranceFlight447?

A)Thereisstillagoodchanceoftheirbeingrecovered.

B)Thereisanurgentneedforthemtobereconstructed.

C)Theyhavestoppedsendinghomingsignals.

D)TheyweredestroyedsomewherenearBrazil.

PassageTwo

Questions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

The$11billionself-helpindustryisbuiltontheideathatyoushouldturn

negativethoughtslike"Ineverdoanythingright"intopositiveoneslike"Ican

succeed."ButwaspositivethinkingadvocateNormanVincentPealeright?Isthere

powerinpositivethinking?

ResearchersinCanadajustpublishedastudyinthejournalPsychological

Sciencethatsaystryingtogetpeopletothinkmorepositivelycanactuallyhavethe

oppositeeffect:itcansimplyhighlighthowunhappytheyare.

Thestudy'sauthors,JoanneWoodandJohnLeeoftheUniversityofWaterloo

andElainePcrunovicoftheUniversityofNewBrunswick,beginbycitingolder

researchshowingthatwhenpeoplegetfeedbackwhichtheybelieveisoverly

positive,theyactuallyfeelworse,notbetter.Ifyoutellyourdimfriendthathehas

thepotentialofanEinstein,you'rejustunderlininghisfaults.Inone1990s

experiment,ateamincludingpsychologistJoelCooperofPrincetonasked

participantstowriteessaysopposingfundingforthedisabled.Whentheessayists

werelaterpraisedfortheirsympathy,theyfeltevenworseaboutwhattheyhad

written.

Inthisexperiment.Wood,LeeandPerunovicmeasured68sludents'

self-esteem.Theparticipantswerethenaskedtowritedowntheirthoughtsand

feelingsforfourminutes.Every15seconds,onegroupofstudentsheardabell.

Whenitrang,theyweresupposedtotellthemselves,nIamlovable."

Thosewithlowself-esteemdidn'tfeelbetteraftertheforcedself-affirmation.

Infact,theirmoodsturnedsignificantlydarkerthanthoseofmembersofthecontrol

group,whoweren'turgedtothinkpositivethoughts.

Thepaperprovidessupportfornewerformsofpsychotherapy(心理治療)that

urgepeopletoaccepttheirnegativethoughtsandfeelingsratherthanfightthem.In

thefighting,wenotonlyoftenfailbutcanmakethingsworse.Meditation(靜，區(qū))

techniques,incontrast,canteachpeopletoputtheirshortcomingsintoalarger,

morerealisticperspective.Callitthepowerofnegativethinking.

注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

62.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphabouttheself-helpindustry?

A)Itisahighlyprofitableindustry.

B)Itisbasedontheconceptofpositivethinking.

C)ItwasestablishedbyNormanVincentPeale.

D)Ithasyieldedpositiveresults.

63.WhatisthefindingoftheCanadianresearchers?

A)Encouragingpositivethinkingmanydomoreharmthangood.

B)Therecanbenosimpletherapyforpsychologicalproblems.

C)Unhappypeoplecannotthinkpositively.

D)Thepowerofpositivethinkingislimited.

64.Whatdoestheauthormeanby"...you'rejustunderlini^ihHsfaults"

4,Para.3)?

A)Youarenottakinghismistakesseriouslyenough.

B)Youarepointingouttheerrorshehascommitted.

C)Youareemphasizingthefactthatheisnotintelligent.

D)Youaretryingtomakehimfeelbetterabouthisfaults.

65.WhatdowelearnfromtheexperimentofWood,LeeandPerunovic?

A)Itisimportantforpeopletocontinuallyboosttheirself-esteem.

B)Self-affirmationcanbringapositivechangetoone'smood.

C)Forcingapersontothinkpositivethoughtsmaylowertheirself-esteem.

D)Peoplewithlowsclf-cstccmseldomwritedowntheirtruefeelings.

66.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph9

A)Theeffectsofpositivethinkingvaryfrompersontoperson.

B)Meditationmayprovetobeagoodformofpsychotherapy.

C)Differentpeoplelendtohavedifferentwaysofthinking.

D)Peoplecanavoidmakingmistakesthroughmeditatio