金融機(jī)構(gòu)英文

演講人：日期：金融機(jī)構(gòu)英文OverviewofFinancialInstitutionsTypeoffinancialinstitutionFinancialinstitutionbusinessRiskmanagementoffinancialinstitutionsFinancialinstitutionregulation目錄01OverviewofFinancialInstitutionsDefinitionFinancialinstitutionsrefertoorganizationsthatprovidefinancialservicestoindividuals,businesses,andgovernments,includingbanks,insurancecompanies,investmentfirm,andmoreClassificationFinancialinstitutionscanbeclassifiedbasedontheirfunctions,suchasdeposittakinginstitutions(e.g.,commercialbanks),contractsavingsinstitutions(e.g.,lifeinsurancecompanies),andinvestmentinstitutions(e.g.,investmentbanks)DefinitionandclassificationThefinancialinstitutionsystemincludesvarioustypesoffinancialinstitutionsthatinteractwitheachothertofacilitatetheflowoffundswithinaneconomyThesystemincludesregulatorybodiesthatoverseetheoperationsoffinancialinstitutionstoensurestabilityandprotectconsumersFinancialinstitutionsystemFinancialinstitutionsperformarangeoffunctions,includingacceptingdeposits,extendingcredit,facilitatingpayments,investingfunds,andprovidingriskmanagementservicesTheyalsoplayaclinicalroleintheeconomybymobilesavingsandallocatingfundstoproductiveinvestmentsFunctionsoffinancialinstitutions02TypeoffinancialinstitutionCommercialbanksThesearethemostcommontypeofbankingfinancialinstitutionsthatprovideawiderangeofbankingservicestoindividualsandbusinessesCentralbanksThesearetheapexinstitutionsinthebankingsystemthatformulatesmonetarypolicyandregulatesthesupplyofmoneyintheeconomyDevelopmentbanksThesebanksprovidelongtermfinancingforeconomicdevelopmentprojectsandarecommonlyownedorsponsoredbygovernmentsBankingfinancialinstitutionsInvestmentbanks01TheseinstitutionshelpcompaniesraisecapitalbyissuingandsellingsecuritiesintheprimarymarketandfacilitatingtradesandacquisitionsBrokerfirm02Thesefirmactsasintermediariesbetweenbuyersandsellersofsecurities,providingservicessuchasexecutingtrades,givinginvestmentadvice,andmanagingportfoliosSecuritiesexchanges03Theseareplatformswheresecuritiesaretraded,offeringamarketplaceforbuyersandsellerstocometogetherandtransactSecuritiesfinancialinstitutionsInsurancefinancialinstitutionsThesecompaniesprovideinsurancecoveragetootherinsurancecompanies,helpingthemmanagetheirriskexposureandfinancialstabilityReinsurancecompaniesThesecompaniesprovideinsurancecoverageforindividualsandbusinessesagainsttheriskofdeathorlossofincomeLifeinsurancecompaniesThesecompaniesprovideinsurancecoverageforpropertydamageandreliabilityclaimsresultingfromaccidents,naturaldisasters,orothereventsPropertyandcasualtyinsurancecompaniesOtherfinancialinstitutionsPensionsfundsThesearepoolsofmoneysetasidebyemployeesorgovernmentstoprovideretentionincometoemployeesorcitizensMutualfundsTheseareinvestmentvehiclesthatpoolmoneyfrommanyinvestorsandinvestitinadiversifiedportfolioofsecuritiesVenturecapitalfirmsThesefirmsprovidefinancingtostartupcompaniesandsmallbusinesseswithhighgrowthpotentialinexchangeforanequitystageinthebusinessHedgefundsTheseareprivateinvestmentvehiclesthatuseaggressiveinvestmentstrategiestogeneratehighreturnsforinvestors,oftenwithafocusonshorttermtradingandleverageOtherfinancialinstitutions03FinancialinstitutionbusinessFinancialinstitutionssuchasbanksacceptdepositsfromcustomers,whichtheycanthenlendouttoothercustomersorinvestinvariousfinancialmarketsAcceptingdepositsBanksalsoprovideloanstocustomersforavarietyofpurposes,suchaspurchasingahome,startingabusiness,orpayingforeducationProvidingloansBanksfacilitatepaymentsbetweencustomersandbusinessesbyofferingservicessuchaschecks,wiretransfers,andonlinebankingOfferingpaymentservicesBanksmanageriskbydiversifyingtheirloanportfolios,settingasidecapitalreserves,andusinghedgingstrategiestomitigatepotentiallossesManagingriskBankingbusinessUnderwritingandissuanceSecuritiesfirmunderwriteandissuenewsecurities,suchasstocksandbonds,onbehalfoftheirclientsTradingandbrokerageSecuritiesfirmsalsofacilitatethetradingofsecuritiesonexchangesandprovidebrokerageservicestohelpclientsbuyandsellsecuritiesInvestmentadviceandmanagementSecuritiesfirmoffersinvestmentadviceandmanagementservicestohelpclientsgrowtheirwealththroughinformedinvestmentdecisionsSecuritiesbusinessMarketmakingandliquidityprovisionSecuritiesfirmactasmarketmakersbyprovidingliquiditytothemarketsandhelpingtomaintainfairandorderlytradingconditionsSecuritiesbusiness01Insurancecompaniesprovidepoliciesthatcoverawiderangeofrisks,includingpropertydamage,personalinjury,andreliabilityclaimsProvidingriskcoverage02Inexchangeforpromotingriskcoverage,insurancecompaniescollectpremiumsfrompolicyholdersCollectingpremiums03InsurancecompaniesinvestthepremiumstheycollectinavarietyoffinancialinstrumentstogeneratereturnsandgrowtheircapitalbaseInvestingpremiums04Whenpolicyholdersexperiencealossthatiscoveredbytheirinsurancepolicy,theinsurancecompanypaysoutaclaimtocompensatethemfortheirlossPayingclaimsInsurancebusinessHedgingandriskmanagementFinancialinstitutionsusederivativessuchasfutures,options,andswapstohedgetheirexposuretovariousrisksandmanagetheirportfoliosmoreeffectivelyRegulationandarbitrationSomefinancialinstitutionsusederivativesforspecificationandarbitration,seekingtoprofitfrommovementsintheunderlyingassetpricesorfromdifferentialsinpricesbetweendifferentmarketsorinstrumentsFinancialderivativebusinessProvidingliquidityFinancialinstitutionsthatdealinderivativesofprovidingliquiditytothemarketbyactingascounterpartiestotradeandhelpingtofacilitatethesmoothfunctioningofthemarketInnovationandproductdevelopmentFinancialinstitutionsareconsistentlyinnovatinganddevelopingnewderivativeproductstomeettheevolvingneedsoftheirclientsandcapturenewmarketopportunitiesFinancialderivativebusiness04RiskmanagementoffinancialinstitutionsRiskmanagementistheidentification,assessment,andprioritizationofrisksfollowedbycoordinatedandeconomicapplicationofresourcestominimize,monitor,andcontroltheprobabilityand/orimpactofunfoundedeventsInfinancialinstitutions,riskmanagementinvolvesprotectingassets,ensuringregulatorycompliance,andmaintainingtheinstitution'sabilitytocontinueoperationsinthefaceofadverseeventsOverviewofRiskManagementIdentificationThisinvolvesrecognizinganddocumentingpotentialrisksthatcouldaffecttheinstitutionMitigationMeasuresaretakentoreducethelikelihoodorimpactofrisks,boththroughtheuseofcontrolsandsafeguardsMonitoringOngoingsurveillanceisconductedtoensurethatrisksremainwithinacceptablelevelsandthatmitigationmeasuresareeffectiveAssessmentOncerisksareidentified,theyareanalyzedtodeterminetheirlikelihoodandpotentialimpactRiskmanagementprocessPoliciesandproceduresTheseestablishtheinstitution'sriskmanagementframeworkandprovideguidanceonhowrisksshouldbemanagedQuantitativemeasuresareusedtoassessandmonitorrisks,oftenthroughtheuseofdashboardsandreportingtoolsFinancialinstitutionsmayusehedgingstrategiestooffsetpotentiallossesfromspecificrisksInsurancepoliciescanprovidefinancialprotectionagainstcertificatetypesofrisks,suchaspropertydamageorliabilityclaimsRiskmetricsandindicatorsHedgingstrategiesInsuranceRiskmanagementtoolsEnterprisewideriskmanagementThisapproachinvolvesmanagingrisksacrosstheentireinstitution,ratherthanwithinindividualdepartmentsorbusinessunitsStresstestingInstitutionsconductstressteststoassesstheirresistancetoextremebutplausibleeventsthatcouldaffecttheirfinancialconditionsScenarioanalysisThisinvolvesconsideringarangeofpossiblefuturescenariosandassessingthepotentialimpactontheinstitution'sfinancialpositionandoperationsRiskmanagementpracticesRegulatorycomplianceFinancialinstitutionsmustcomplywithrelevantlawsandregulations,whichincludesrequirementsrelatedtoriskmanagementRiskmanagementpractices05FinancialinstitutionregulationToensurethesafetyandsoundnessoffinancialinstitutions,maintainfinancialstability,andprotectconsumerinterestsObjectivesBasedonrisk-basedsupervision,proportionality,transparency,andaccountabilityEmphasizingtheimportanceofmicroprincipalandmacroprincipalregulationPrinciplesRegulatoryobjectivesandprinciplesVSCapitaladequacy,