5.1.1 屋面 雨水排水系統(tǒng)分類及選擇 Classification and selection of roof rainwater drainage system-1733558736687

5.1.1屋面雨水排水系統(tǒng)分類及選擇Classificationandselectionofroofrainwaterdrainagesystem屋面雨水排水系統(tǒng)分類及選擇Classificationandselectionofroofrainwaterdrainagesystem建筑雨水排水系統(tǒng)是建筑物給排水系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分，它的任務是及時排除降落在建筑物屋面的雨水、雪水，避免形成屋頂積水對屋頂造成威脅，或造成雨水溢流、屋頂漏水等水患事故，以保證人們正常生活和生產(chǎn)活動。Thebuildingrainwaterdrainagesystemisanimportantpartofbuildingwatersupplyanddrainagesystem.Itstaskistotimelyremoverainwaterandsnowwaterfallingontheroofofbuildings,soastoavoidformingaccumulatedwaterthatthreatenstherooforcausingeventssuchasrainwateroverflowandroofleakage,thusensuringpeople'snormallivingandproductionactivities.一、外排水系統(tǒng)Outdoordrainagesystem建筑屋面雨水排水系統(tǒng)的分類與管道的設置、管內的壓力、水流狀態(tài)和屋面排水條件等有關。Theclassificationofthebuildingroofrainwaterdrainagesystemisrelatedtothesettingofthepipe,thepressureinsidethepipe,thewaterflowconditionandtheroofdrainagecondition.按屋面的排水條件分為檐溝排水、天溝排水和無溝排水；Theroofrainwaterdrainagesystemcanbedividedintoeavesgutterdrainage,gutterdrainage,andgutterlessdrainageaccordingtotheroofdrainagecondition;按建筑物內部是否有雨水管道分為兩類：外排水系統(tǒng)、內排水系統(tǒng)。Accordingtowhethertherearestormsewersinsidebuildings,theroofrainwaterdrainagesystemcanbedividedintotwocategories:externaldrainagesystemandinternaldrainagesystem.一、外排水系統(tǒng)Outdoordrainagesystem1.檐溝外排水Externaleavesgutterdrainagesystem檐溝外排水也叫普通外排水。由檐溝和敷設在建筑物外墻的立管組成，如右圖。Eavesgutterdrainageisalsocalledordinaryexternaldrainage.Itconsistsofeavesgutterandstandpipeslaidontheexteriorwallsofbuildingsasshownintherightdiagram.承雨斗Roofdrain立管Standpipe雨水斗Roofdrain檐溝Eavesgutter檐溝外排水Externaleavesgutterdrainagesystem降落到屋面的雨水沿屋面集流到檐溝，然后流入隔一定距離設置的立管排至室外的地面或雨水口。Therainwaterfallingtotheroofflowsalongtherooftotheeavesgutter,thenflowsintotheverticalpipesetatacertaindistance,andfinallydischargedtotheoutdoorgroundorgutterinlet.一、外排水系統(tǒng)Outdoordrainagesystem2.天溝外排水Externalgutterdrainagesystem天溝外排水由天溝、雨水斗和排水立管組成。Thegutterdrainagesystemismainlycomposedofgutters,roofdrains,anddrainagestandpipes.天溝外排水Externalgutterdrainagesystem降落到屋面上的雨水沿坡向天溝的屋面匯集到天溝，再沿天溝流至建筑物兩端(山墻、女兒墻)，流入雨水斗，經(jīng)立管排至地面或雨水井。Therainwaterfallingtoroofsgatheredatguttersalongtheroofsofthegutters.Thenitflowsintothetwoendsofbuildings(gableandparapetwall)androofdrainsalongthegutters.Itisdischargedtothegroundorcatchbasinthroughstandpipes.

天溝Gutter溢流口Overflowoutlet山墻Gable泄壓管Pressurereliefpipe消能池Stillingbasin檢查井Checkwell雨水斗Roofdrain天溝是指屋面上在構造上形成的排水溝，接受屋面的雨雪水。雨雪水沿天溝流向建筑物的兩端，經(jīng)墻外的立管排到地面或排到雨水道。Agutterreferstoadrainageditchonaroofthatisformedintheconstructiontoreceiverainwaterandsnowwaterfromtheroof.Rainwaterandsnowwaterflowalongtheguttertothetwoendsofbuildingsandaredischargedtothegroundorthestormsewerviastandpipesoutsidethewalls.天溝的排水斷面形式應根據(jù)屋面情況而定，一般多為矩形和梯形。Theformofthedrainagecrosssectionoftheguttershouldbebasedontheroof,generallymorerectangularandtrapezoidal.一、外排水系統(tǒng)Outdoordrainagesystem女兒墻Parapetwall分水線Watershed沉降縫Settlementjoint天溝Gutter雨水斗Roofdrain立管Standpipe檢查井Checkwell室外雨水管Outdoorrainwaterpipe天溝外排水（平面圖）Outdoorgutterdrainage(plan)一、外排水系統(tǒng)Outdoordrainagesystem天溝外排水系統(tǒng)Outdoorgutterdrainagesystem內排水是指屋面設雨水斗，雨水管道設置在建筑內部的雨水排水系統(tǒng)。Internaldrainagereferstoarainwaterdrainagesystemwitharoofdrainontheroofandastormsewersetinsidethebuilding.雨水內排水系統(tǒng)適用于屋面跨度大、屋面曲折（殼形、鋸齒形）、屋面有天窗等設置天溝有困難的情況，以及高層建筑、建筑立面要求比較高的建筑、大屋頂建筑、寒冷地區(qū)的建筑等不宜在室外設置雨水立管的情況。Theinternalrainwaterdrainagesystemissuitableforsituationswhereitisdifficulttosetgutterssuchaslargeroofspans,twistedroofs(shellandsawtooth),andskylightsontheroof,andsituationswhereoutdoorverticalrainwaterpipescannotbesetinhigh-risebuildings,buildingswithrelativelyhighrequirementsforbuildingelevation,buildingswithalargeroof,andbuildingsincoldregions.二、內排水系統(tǒng)Internaldrainagesystem內排水系統(tǒng)剖面圖Sectionviewoftheinternaldrainagesystem按一根立管連接的雨水斗數(shù)量分為：

Basedonthenumberofroofdrainsconnectedtoonestandpipe,itcandividedinto:二、內排水系統(tǒng)Internaldrainagesystem單斗系統(tǒng)Single-drainsystem多斗系統(tǒng)Multi-drainsystem按出戶埋地橫干管是否有自由水面分為：

Basedonwhetherthereisfreewatersurfaceinburiedtransversemainpipesoutsidehouses,itcanbedividedinto:敞開式排水系統(tǒng)Openeddrainagesystem密閉式排水系統(tǒng)Closeddrainagesystem按雨水在管道內的流態(tài)分為：

Basedontheflowstateofrainwaterinpipes,itcanbedividedinto:重力無壓流Gravitynon-pressureflowtype重力半有壓流Gravitysemi-pressureflowtype壓力流Pressureflowtype三、雨水排水系統(tǒng)的選擇Selectionofrainwaterdrainagesystem選擇建筑物屋面雨水排水系統(tǒng)時應根據(jù)建筑物的類型、建筑結構形式、屋面面積大小、當?shù)貧夂驐l件以及生活生產(chǎn)的要求，經(jīng)過技術經(jīng)濟比較，本著既安全又經(jīng)濟的原則選擇雨水排水系統(tǒng)。Whenselectingabuildingroofrainwaterdrainagesystem,weshallconsiderthetypeofbuilding,structuralformofbuilding,sizeofroofarea,localclimaticconditions,andrequirementsoflivingandproductiontochooseoneinlinewiththeprincipleofsafetyandeconomyafterthecomparisontechnicaleconomy.屋面雨水排水管道系統(tǒng)設計流態(tài)選擇Selectionofdesignedflowstateoftheroofrainwaterdrainagepipesystem（1）檐溝外排水宜按重力流系統(tǒng)設計。

（2）高層建筑屋面雨水排水宜按重力流系統(tǒng)設計。

（3）長天溝外排水宜按滿管壓力流設計。

（4）工業(yè)廠房、庫房、公共建筑的大型屋面雨水排水宜按滿管壓力流設計。

（5）在風沙大、粉塵大、降雨量小地區(qū)不宜采用滿管壓力流排水系統(tǒng)。(1)Eavesgutterextern