北京市2024-2025學(xué)年新高三年級(jí)上冊(cè)入學(xué)定位考試英語試題（附答案）

北京市2024-2025學(xué)年新高三上學(xué)期入學(xué)定位考試英語試題

第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Itwasinthecoldmidwinter,andthewayfanight.Thelewalkedthroughthecoldnight.The

father-to-be___1_theroadside,seekingshelter,wherehisstrugglingcompanionmightrest

_2night.Shenight.Shelaboredalong,herwaymadeheavierbythenewlifegrowinginsideher.

TheirnameswerePepperandCooper,apairofbeagles（米格魯獵犬）.

GusKiebel,acountywildlifeofficer,wasdrivinghomefromworkwhen

he___3__headlights.Ittags.Whatofhisheadlights.ltwassnowingsohard,buthecouldtellthedogs

werewearingcollarsandtags.Whatweretheydoingoutherewhenitwastoocoldfordogstogo

outside?Gusparkedhistruckand4theanimals.Hestretchedouthishandstothebeagles,

whichmadeno___5___toescape.Cooper.Heheirtagsbyhistruck'sheadlights：thefemalewas

namedPepper,andthemalewasCooper.Hethencalledthenumberlisted,butitwassnowingso

hardthathis___6___blurred.

there.Gusagain.Agsontothepassengerseatandtheyweresnuggledtogetherthere.Gusdried

hisphoneanddialedthenumberagain.Amanansweredandimmediatelygrew___7___whenGus

toldhimwhyhewascalling."!gavethosedogsaway/themansaid."They'renotmineanymore."

Thesebeagleswere___8.Gusnoticedtheirlargeeyespleading.Hethenbroughtthem

home.TheKiebelspreparedabedforthedogsontheirwarmenclosedporch,also___9food

andwater.Theexhaustedanimalslaytogether.

It*sasimplestory—peoplewhopracticekindnessgiveshelterfromastormtoahomeless

couple-butitspeakstothebestofour___10___.

1.A.blockedB.guardedC.scannedD.identified

2.A.safelyB.happilyC.quicklyD.willingly

3.A.trackedB.spottedC.ignoredD.hunted

4.A.pattedB.protectedC.testedD.approached

5.A.effortB.meaningC.consensusD.contact

6.A.truckB.screenC.mindD.headlight

7.A.interestedB.embarrassedC.defensiveD.talkative

8.A.avoidedB.adoptedC.appreciatedD.abandoned

9.A.givingoutB.settingoutC.puttingoutD.carryingout

10.A.natureB.talentC.pursuitD.advantage

第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提

示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出挪示詞的空自處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填

空。

A

Naturaldisasterscanmakepeopledependontheirneighborsinawaynothingelsedoes.The

six-year-oldJermaine___11(save)moneywithhisfamilyforadreamtriptoDisneyworld

whensuddenlytheirneighborhoodwasorderedtoevacuate(疏散)becauseofHurricaneDorian.

Immediatelytheboydecidedtousehishard-earnedcash___12(help)hisneighbors.Jermaine

stoodalongsideanearbyroad___13(hand)outchips,hotdogs,andbottlesofwatertoevacuees.

“Iwantedthemtohavesomefoodtoeat,Hhesaid.nIwantedtobekindandlivetogive.

B

Teenagefriendshipsarefiinandcangrowintolifelongrelationships.Anewstudy,published

inthejournalChildDevelopment,14(show)theseearlyfriendshipsdosomethingelse,too:

prepareteens_15_parenting.Theresearchersfoundthattheteenswhoshowedmoreempathyfor

theirclosefriendsweremore__16_(support)parentsinadulthood.Therefore,___17your

friendisstruggling,youcarpracticeshowingupandtryingtounderstandtheirperspective.

C

FoodinsecurityisdefinedbytheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgricultureasthelackof

accesstoenoughfoodforanactive,healthylife.Itisassociatedwithnegativesocialandhealth

outcomesand___18___(consider)acriticalpublichealthissue.Keydriversoffoodinsecurity

includeunemployment,poverty,andincomeshocks,19___canpreventadequateaccesstofood.

Luckily,multipleinterventionshavebeenshowntoreducefoodinsecurity,includingparticipationin

foodassistance20(program)andbroadersocietal-levelimprovementsineconomic

stability.

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）

第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該

項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

TheSummerScienceProgram（SSP）isanonprofitorganizationthatprovidesan

experimentalscienceexperienceforhighschoolseniorswho*11soongothroughcollegeapplication.

Asoneoftheoldestpre-collegeenrichmentprograms,SSPisuniquelyrunbyformer

membersofthiswonderfulcommunity.TheirpreviousexperienceswithSSPhaveledthemto

activelysupporttheprogramthroughdonationsandvolunteering.

Theprogramstructureinvolvestwelveteamsguidedbyafacultyofseven.Studentsworkin

teamsofthreetoundertakeahands-onresearchproject,fosteringcollaboration,challenge,and

inclusivity.Over39days,theseteamsdigintotheirresearch,formingaclose-knitlearning

community.

AdmissiontoSSPisopentohighschooljuniorsglobally,withaholistic（整體的）approach

thatvaluesacademicexcellenceandmotivation.Theprogramensuresdiversityandprovides

financialaidtoalladmittedstudents,makingsuretalentedyoungpeoplewon*getshutout.

TheSSPcommunitythrivesoncooperativeresearch,offering,arefreshingreplacementto

competitiveschoolenvironments.Theabsenceofexamsandgradesfocusesstudentsonpersonal

growthandtheestablishmentofasupportivenetworkwithpeersandalumni.

ResearchopportunitiesareavailableinfieldssuchasAstrophysics,Biochemistry,or

Genomics,witheachprogramhostedbyauniversitypartner.Thecurriculumisadvanced,pacedfor

college-levelunderstanding,andintegratedwiththeresearchproject.

Thescheduleispackedwithlearning,guestlecturesfromprofessionals,visitstoscientific

institutions,andsocialevents,ensuringawell-roundedandenjoyablesummerforparticipants.The

SSPexperienceisnotjustaboutscience;it*saboutpersonalandcommunalgrowth,makingitan

enrichingandmemorableprogramforhighschoolseniors.

21.WhatisspecialaboutSSP?

A.It*soperatedbyformergraduates.B.Ifsbuiltuponpreviousexperiences.

C.Itrequiresrecommendationsbyfaculty.D.Itprovidesguidanceoncollegeapplication.

22.TogetacceptedbySSP,participantsneedto.

A.payacertainsumoffeesB.adoptaholisticapproach

C.beabletodesignprojectsD.beexcellentinacademics

23.AtSSP,participantswill

A.haveafewexamstositB.engageincompetitiveactivities

C.getvariousresearchopportunitiesD.attendlecturesinscientificinstitutions

B

Yearsago,wewerelivinginabignicehouseandIwasgoingtothebestelementaryschool

inthecitywithmysiblings.Wehadeverythingwecouldhavewishedforandwewerestillasking

formore.

Mr.Sanchezusedtomowourlawns.Hewasveryhardworking.Often,hewouldbringhis

sonthatwasmyage.Hehadmodesttoysandmodestclothesandhehadahardtimefittinginwith

usmainlybecauseIwastooproudtoconsiderhimmyequal.HisnamewasCabrielandhewasa

smartboy,despiteallhisnshortcomingsn.

Dayswentbyandwespentourtimearoundeachotherbutwithoutanycloseconnection.Fast

forwardtoacoupleofyearsandmyfather*sbusinesshittherockbottom.Hispartnertookawayall

themoneyandleftthecountry.Soonwehadtoleaveourbighouseandsettleintoasmalloneandwe

werehavingahardtimemeetingotherexpenses.

Mr.Sanchezwasverykindduringthattime.HeandGabrielcameonceaweekandhelped

meandmysiblingsgetthingsinorder.ThatwaswhenGabrielandIbecamegoodfriends.We

startedtalkingintheeveningswhenIlearnthewasgoingtostartcollegeandhewasmuchsmarter

thanme.

Lstart-up.Imeupwithabusinessplanandfoundedastart-up.Ifeltnoshameinconfessing

thatCabrielwasmuchmoreinstrumentalintheriseofourcompany.

Later,allofmyfathersdebtwaspaidoffandwewereagainahappy,prosperousfamily.I

wasatrulyrichmanbecause1hadagreatfriendbymysideformywholelife.

Thisexperiencewasavaluablelessonfbrme.Itdoesnottakealifeexperienceforpeopleto

gofromragstorichesortheotherwayaround.Whatisimportantissomeone*spersonandbehavior

towardhisotherfellowsinreallife.

24.Whathappenedtotheauthor'sfamilyinhisearlyyears?

A.Lifeexpenseswentupunexpectedly.B.Afinancialbreakdownhithisfamily.

C.Theirhousewasillegallytakenaway.D.Theylostcloseconnectionwithothers.

25.Whatchangedtheauthor'sattitudetowardsGabriel?

A.Theirpartnershipinbusiness.B.TheproofofGabrieFscapability.

C.Thechangeofhislivingcondition.D.TheconsistenthelpfromGabriel.

26.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeGabriel?

A.Intelligentandloyal.B.Persistentandambitious.

C.Introvertedbutgenerous.D.Hardworkingbutmodest.

27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.Likefather,likeson.B.Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.

C.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.D.Neverjudgeabookbyitscover.

C

Thevastmajorityofpeoplehaveanongoingconversationwiththemselves,aninnervoice,

thatplaysanimportantroleintheirdailylives.Butbetween5to10percentofthepopulationdonot

havetheexperienceofaninnervoice,andtheyfinditmoredifficulttoperformcertainverbal

memorytasks,newresearchshows.

JohanneNedergardfromtheUniversityofCopenhagenandhercolleagueGaryLupyanare

thefirstresearcherstoinvestigatewhetherthelackofaninnervoice,oranendophasiaastheyhave_

coinedthecondition,hasanyconsequencesforhowthesepeoplesolveproblems,forexamplehow

theyperformverbalmemorytasks.

Peoplewhoreportedthattheyeitherexperiencedahighdegreeofinnervoiceorverylittle

innervoiceineverydaylifeweresubjectedtooneexperimentthataimedtodeterminewhetherthere

wasadifferenceintheirabilitytorememberlanguageinputandoneabouttheirabilitytofindrhyme

words.

Thefirstexperimentinvolvedtheparticipantsrememberingwordsinorder------wordsthat

weresimilar,eitherphoneticallyorinspelling,e.g."bought""caught”.Theparticipantswithoutan

innervoiceweresignificantlyworseatrememberingthewords.Thesameappliedtoanassignment

inwhichtheparticipantshadtodeterminewhetherapairofpicturescontainedwordsthatrhyme,e.g.

picturesofasockandaclock.Here,too,itiscrucialtobeabletorepeatthewordsinorderto

comparetheirsoundsandthusdeterminewhethertheyrhyme.

AccordingtoNedergard,thedifferencesinverbalmemorythattheyhaveidentifiedintheir

experimentswillnotbenoticedinordinaryeverydayconversations.Andthequestionis,doesnot

havinganinnervoiceholdanypracticalorbehavioralsignificance?

Sofar,theresearchersarenotsurebecausetheyareonlyontheverybeginningofawhole

processofstudy.Butthereisonefieldwheretheysuspectthathavinganinnervoiceplaysarole,

andthatistherapy;inthewidelyusedcognitivebehavioraltherapy,forexample,youneedto

identifyandchangeadversethoughtpatterns,andhavinganinnervoicemaybeveryimportantin

suchaprocess.However,itisstilluncertainwhetherdifferencesintheexperienceofaninnervoice

arerelatedtohowpeoplerespondtodifferenttypesoftherapy.Nedergardsaidshewouldliketo

continueherresearchtofindoutwhetherotherlanguageareasareaffectedifyoudonothavean

innervoice.

28.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordncoinedHinParagraph2probablymean?

A.Assessed.B.Revised.C.Created.D.Discovered.

29.Theresearchersusethepicturesofasockandaclockto.

A.displayhowpeoplepickupdifferentwordsB.seehowpeopledifferindegreesof

innervoice

C.explainwhysomeparticipantscanrepeatwordsD.assessagroup*sabilitytoremember

wordsinorder.

30.Nedergardwillprobablyagreethatpeoplewithoutaninnervoice.

A.havepoorerverbalmemoryB.showtraitsindailyconversations

C.canobtainitthroughtrainingD.haveseriousproblemsinlearning

D

Naturevs.Nurture

Curiosityhasalwaysbeenoneofthemostinnateandprevailingqualitiesofhumankind.Our

endlesspursuitoftruthandreasonshasresultedinalotofcrucialdiscoveriesintheworld.However,

themoreweuncovertheworld,themoreweendupgeneratingmorequestionstoanswer.Outofall

thewondersoftheworld,humanpsychologyisdeemedtobeoneofthemostcontroversial.The

complexityofthemindanditsreflectiononhumanbehaviorhasbeenasubjectofmanystudiesand

debates.Oneoftheoldestand,still,mosttalkedaboutanargumentinpsychologyisthenature

againstnurturedebate.

Naturereferstothebiologicalstructureandprocessesthatdetermineaperson'sphysicaland

behavioralattributes.Duetotheadvancementofgenetics,scientistshaveuncoveredthatphysical

traitssuchaseyecolor,hairtype,height,andlifeexpectancyofapersoncanstronglyberelatedto

thegeneticmakeup.Thesediscoverieshaveledtothespeculationthatmostpsychological

characteristicslikeintellect,personality,andlanguageacquisitionabilityarealreadypre-wiredtoour

systemthroughourgeneticpattern.

Incontrast,nurturetheorysuggeststhatbehaviorishonedfromsocio-culturalfactors.This

theoryisguidedbyJohnLocke's"blankslate"theory,whichreferstotheideathatthehumanmind,

initsprimalstate,isablankslatethatisgraduallyfilledinwithinformationderivedfromdirectand

indirectexperiences.Thistheorystatespeople'scharacteristicsandbehavioraldiversityattendresults

ofsocialandculturalinfluencesencounteredduringtheirdevelopment.

ThetermNaturevs.NurturedebatewasputforwardbySirFrancisGalton,whobelievedthat

intellectisaquantifiableandhereditary（遺傳的）humantrait.Healsobelievedthatintellectcanbe

passedfromgenerationtogeneration.Thus,peoplewithhighintelligencehaveamajorchanceof

havinghighlyintellectualoffspring,whilepeoplehavinglowerthanaverageintellectaremorelikely

tohavelowintellectualoffspring.However,thebelieversofnurturetheorybelievedthatintellectual

abilityattendstheresultofinequalitiesinaccesstoresourcesandopportunities.Thus,intellectisnot

aproductofhereditybutmoreofaresultofthesocialconstruct.

Countlessresearchandexperimentationhavebeenconductedtoputanendtotheseemingly

endlessdebate.Psychologistsandresearchersofthepresentalreadyembracetheideathataperson's

characterishighlyinfluencedbyhisgeneticmakeupandtheenvironment.Theyearsoflabored

researchonnatureandnurturetheoryfinallyhavebomfruits.Technologyandresearchhave

expandedabetterunderstandingofthehumanpersonalityandmind,andwilljustcontinuouslydoas

timepassesby.

31.Whydoestheauthormentionncuriosityninthefirstparagraph?

A.Topredicttheresearchresults.B.Toemphasizetheimportanceof

exploring.

C.Toleadtotheargumentofnatureagainstnurture.D.Toraisethereader'sinterestinthe

theoryofnature.

32.WhatdoesJohnLocke's"blankslatentheorysuggest?

A.Humanmindisalwaysblank.B.People'sbehaviorsarelearned.

C.Behaviorisdeterminedgenetically.D.Culturehaslittleinfluenceonhuman.

33.WhatistheattitudeofSirFrancisGaltontowardsthetheoryofnurture?

A.Disapproving.B.Supportive.C.Neutral.D.Cautious.

34.Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?

A.Thetheoryofnatureisnotacceptedbythepublic.

B.Thetheoryofnurtureisbasedonthetheoryofnature.

C.Thesupportersofthetwotheoriesagreewitheachother.

D.Thetheoryofnatureandthetheoryofnurturebothmakesense.

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)

涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

WhyDoesNormMatter?Simplyput,group.Normsrulethatguidesbehavioramong

membersofasocietyorgroup.Normsaresocialfacts：thingswhichexistinsocietyindependentof

individuals,andthatshapeourthoughtsandbehavior.35.

Whilewecanunderstandnormssimplyasrulesthattelluswhatweshouldorshouldn'tdo,

there'smuchmoretothemthatsociologistsfindinterestingandworthyofstudy.Forexample,

sociologicalfocusisoftendirectedathownormsaredisseminatedhowwecometolearn

thculture.essofsocializationisguidedbynormsandtaughttousbythosearoundus,including

ourfamilies,teachers,andauthorityfiguresfromreligion,politics,law,andpopular

culture.36Wedothisalotaschildren,butwealsodoitasadultsinunfamiliarces,

amongnewgroupsofpeople,orinplaceswevisitforthistime.Learningthenormsofanygivence

orgroupallowsustofunctioninthatsetting,andtobeacceptedbythosepresent.

Asknowledgeofhowtooperateintheworld,normsareanimportantpartofthecultural

capitalthateachofuspossessesandembodies.Theyare,infact,culturalproductsandareculturally

contextual,andtheyonlyexistifwerealizetheminourthoughtandbehavior.Forthemostpart,

normsarethingsthatwetakeforgrantedandspendlittletimethinkingabout,buttheybecome

highlyvisibleandconsciouswhentheyarebroken.37Weabidethembecauseweknow

thattheyexistandthatwewillfacesanctionsifwebreakthem.

38.Ifapersoncutsthelineordropssomethingthatmakesamessanddoes

nothinginresponse,otherspresentmightsanctiontheirbehaviorvisuallywitheyecontactandfacial

expressions,orverbally.

Becausetheyguideourbehavior,andwhenbroken,theyenlistareactionthatismeantto

reaffirmthemandtheirculturalimportance.Theyallowustoliveourliveswithanunderstandingof

whatwecanexpectfromthosearoundus.39Withoutnorms,ourworldwouldbein

chaos,andwewouldn'tknowhowtonavigateit.

A.Thiswouldbeaformofsocialapproval.

B.Assuch,theyhaveaforcingpoweroverus.

C.Somenormscanleadtoserioussocialproblems.

D.Theeverydayenforcementofthemthoughismostlyunseen.

E.Inmanycasestheyallowustofeelsafeandsecure,andtooperateatease.

F.Welearnthemthroughspokenandwrittendirective,butalsothroughobservingthose

aroundus.

G.Theyoperateinoursubconscious,andwedon*tthinkconsciouslyaboutthemunlessthey

arebroken.

第三部分書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）

第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。

InApril2021,mygrandparents5liveswereturnedupsidedowninstantly.Acardroveinto

theirhome,literally.Thevehiclewentthroughthefrontwalloftheirhome,throughthelivingroom,

andthenhittheborderbetweenthelivingroomandkitchen.

Mygrandfatherwasstandinginfrontoftherefrigerator;thecarhittingthewallthrewhim

acrossthekitchen.Hewasinseriousconditionandunabletowalk.Wewereallsoworriedabout

him.Howwouldhedealwithsomethingsoawfulhappeningathisage?

Butwhatsurprisedeveryonewashowpositivemygrandfatherremainedthroughoutthe

entirething.Hewasgratefulhewasalivewhentheaccidentcouldhavequicklytakenhislife.He

taughtusthatevenwhenlifegetsyoudown,youhavetobegratefulforthethingsyoudohave

ratherthandwellingonthethingsyoudon'thave.

Eventhoughhecouldnotwalkorfunctionashehadpreviously,mygrandpafoundwaysto

becomesatisfied:suchasreadinghisfavoritenewperorreceivingacallfromafriendorfamily

member.Hewasgratefulforthekindnurses,physicaltherapists,andothermedicalpersonnelwho

savedhislifeandhelpedhimrecover.

Whensomethingsolife-changinghappenstoaclosefamilymember,itputslifeinto

perspectiveandmakesyouthankfulforthelittlethingsinlife.Meanwhile,allthelittlethingsthat

usedtostressusoutsuddenlydon*tmatterinthelargeschemeofthings.Anythingcanhappen,and

findingthingsthatmakeyouhappyeverydayisessential.

40.Whathappenedtotheauthor'sgrandpainApril2021?

41.Whywasgrandfathergratefulfortheaccident?

42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplain

why.

Theauthorhasfoundinspirationfromhisgrandpaandrealizedthatweshould