21N腦神經(jīng)幻燈片

21N腦神經(jīng)PartFive

TheNervousSystem

PeripheralNervous

Section2

TheCranialNerves21N腦神經(jīng)TheCranialNerves(腦神經(jīng))IntroductionI.Olfactoryn.(嗅神經(jīng))II.Opticn.(視神經(jīng))III.Oculomotorn.(動(dòng)眼神經(jīng))IV.Trochlearn.(滑車神經(jīng))V.Trigeminaln.(三叉神經(jīng))VI.Abducentn.(展神經(jīng))21N腦神經(jīng)TheCranialNerves

IntroductionVII.Facialn.(面神經(jīng))VIII.Vestibulocochlearn.(前庭蝸神經(jīng))(位聽神經(jīng))IX.Glossopharyngealn.(舌咽神經(jīng))X.Vagusn.(迷走神經(jīng))XI.Accessoryn.(副神經(jīng))XII.Hypoglossaln.(舌下神經(jīng))21N腦神經(jīng)一嗅二視三動(dòng)眼，四滑五叉六外展，七面八聽九舌咽，迷副舌下十二全。21N腦神經(jīng)A.ClassificationoftheCranialNerves

1.Sensorynerves(感覺神經(jīng)):I,II,VIII.2.Motornerves(運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)):III,IV,VI,XI,XII.3.Mixednerves(混合神經(jīng)):V,VII,IX,X.TheCranialNerves

Introduction21N腦神經(jīng)B.ComponentsoftheCranialNerves

1.Sensory(afferent)fibers[感覺(傳入)纖維]

1)

generalsomaticsensoryfiber(GSA)(一般軀體感覺纖維):

skinnerveendings(皮膚神經(jīng)末稍)musclespindles(肌梭)

2)specialsomaticsensoryfiber(SSA)(特殊軀體感覺纖維):

visual(視),hearing(聽),balanceorgans(平衡)TheCranialNerves

Introduction21N腦神經(jīng)3)generalvisceralsensoryfiber(GVA)(一般內(nèi)臟感覺纖維):allviscera(全部?jī)?nèi)臟)4)specialvisceralsensoryfiber(SVA)(特殊內(nèi)臟感覺纖維):olfactory(嗅器)andtaste(味器)21N腦神經(jīng)2.Motor(efferent)fibers

[運(yùn)動(dòng)(傳出）纖維]

1)generalsomaticmotorfiber(GSE)(一般軀體運(yùn)動(dòng)纖維):musclesoftheeyeandtongue(眼外肌和舌肌)2)generalvisceralmotorfiber(GVE)(一般內(nèi)臟運(yùn)動(dòng)纖維):smoothmm.(平滑肌),cardiacmm.(心肌),glands(腺體)3)specialvisceralmotorfiber(SVE)(特殊內(nèi)臟運(yùn)動(dòng)):skeletalmusclesderivefrombranchialarch(源于鰓弓的骨骼肌)

I鰓弓咀嚼肌,II鰓弓面肌,III-VII鰓弓咽喉肌,胸鎖乳突肌,斜方肌

21N腦神經(jīng)I.TheOlfactoryNerve(嗅神經(jīng))-----SVAolfactorybulb(嗅球)Olfactorycells(嗅細(xì)胞)withintheolfactoryepitheliumofnasalcavity(在鼻腔內(nèi)嗅區(qū)上皮)olfactoryfilaments(嗅絲)

cribriformforamina[anosmia嗅覺喪失]21N腦神經(jīng)

II.TheOpticNerve(視神經(jīng))SSA

[totalblindness全盲]

photoreceptorcells(感光細(xì)胞)

rodcells(視桿細(xì)胞)conecells(視錐細(xì)胞)Bipolarcells(雙極細(xì)胞)Ganglioniccells(節(jié)細(xì)胞)OpticNerveOpticchiasma(視交叉)opticcanal(視神經(jīng)管)21N腦神經(jīng)Ⅲ.TheOculomotorNerve(動(dòng)眼神經(jīng))

GSE,GVE

midbrain（中腦）腳間窩superiorrectuslevatorpalpebraesuperioris(上直肌,上瞼提肌)inferiorrectusmedialrectusinferioroblique(下直肌,內(nèi)直肌,下斜肌)[strabismus斜視][眼瞼下垂,瞳孔擴(kuò)大,

眼球轉(zhuǎn)向外下,復(fù)視]sphincterpupil,ciliarym.(瞳孔括約肌,睫狀肌)IIIsuperiorbranch(上支)IIIinferiorbranch(下支)sup.orbitalfissure(眶上裂)21N腦神經(jīng)Ⅲ.TheOculomotorNerve(動(dòng)眼神經(jīng))GSE,GVE21N腦神經(jīng)Ⅳ.TheTrochlearNerve(滑車神經(jīng))GSE

midbrain(中腦)背側(cè)superioroblique（上斜?。﹕up.orbitalfissure(眶上裂)21N腦神經(jīng)Ⅵ.TheAbducentNerve(展神經(jīng))GSEpons（腦橋）lateralrectus（外直?。strabismus斜視][diplepia(doublevision)復(fù)視]sup.orbitalfissure(眶上裂)21N腦神經(jīng)

maxillaryn(上頜神經(jīng))

ophthalmicn(眼神經(jīng))

mandibularnerve(下頜n)pons(腦橋)lacrimn(淚腺)frontal(額)nnasociliary(鼻睫)n眶上神經(jīng)lacrimalgland(淚腺)鼻背,腔,篩竇,眼球額皮infraorbital(眶下)nsup.alveolar(上牙槽)nauriculotemporalnbuccal(頰)nlingual(舌)ninf.alveolarn眼口間皮膚上牙,牙齦顳部皮膚頰部皮膚,粘膜舌前2/3一般感覺Taste.舌前2/3味覺mental頦n下唇皮膚lowerteeth下牙,牙齦masticat.brs(咀嚼肌支)mastic.mm.咀嚼肌[trigeminalneuralgia

三叉神經(jīng)痛][trigeminalnerveblock三叉神經(jīng)封閉]

鼓索下頜舌骨肌NZygomaticn.(顴神經(jīng))顴部皮膚滑車上神經(jīng)VIIⅤ.TheTrigeminalNerve(三叉神經(jīng))GSA,SVEGanglion(三叉神經(jīng)節(jié))21N腦神經(jīng)Ⅴ.TheTrigeminalNerve(三叉神經(jīng))GSA,SVE21N腦神經(jīng)Ⅴ.TheTrigeminalNerve(三叉神經(jīng))GSA,SVE21N腦神經(jīng)Ⅴ.TheTrigeminalNerve(三叉神經(jīng))GSA,SVE21N腦神經(jīng)

maxillaryn(上頜神經(jīng))

ophthalmicn(眼神經(jīng))

mandibularnerve(下頜n)pons(腦橋)lacrimn(淚腺)frontal(額)nnasociliary(鼻睫)n眶上神經(jīng)lacrimalgland(淚腺)鼻背,腔,篩竇,眼球額皮infraorbital(眶下)nsup.alveolar(上牙槽)nauriculotemporalnbuccal(頰)nlingual(舌)ninf.alveolarn眼口間皮膚上牙,牙齦顳部皮膚頰部皮膚,粘膜舌前2/3一般感覺Taste.舌前2/3味覺mental頦n下唇皮膚lowerteeth下牙,牙齦masticat.brs(咀嚼肌支)mastic.mm.咀嚼肌[trigeminalneuralgia

三叉神經(jīng)痛][trigeminalnerveblock三叉神經(jīng)封閉]

鼓索下頜舌骨肌NZygomaticn.(顴神經(jīng))顴部皮膚滑車上神經(jīng)VIIⅤ.TheTrigeminalNerve(三叉神經(jīng))GSA,SVEGanglion(三叉神經(jīng)節(jié))21N腦神經(jīng)CNI.TheOlfactoryNerve(SVA)

olfactorybulb

I

olfactoryfilaments(I)

olfactorycellsCNII.TheOpticNerve(SSA)

opticchiasma

II

ganglionic

cells

bipolarcells

rod&conecellsCNIII.TheOculomotorNerve(GSE,GVE)

superiorbr.

superiorrectus,levatorpalpebraesuperioris

inferiorbr.

inf.rectus,medialrectus,&inferiorobliqueCNIV.TheTrochlearNerve(GSE)midbrainIV

superiorobliqueCNV.TheTrigeminalNerve(GSA,GVA,SVE)Ⅴganglion

1.

ophthalmicn.(V1)

lacrimaln.

lacrimalgland

frontaln.supraorbitaln.

frontalskin

supratrochlearn.

frontalskin

nasociliaryn.

nose,eyeball,ðmoidalsinus

SummaryofCNI-VI21N腦神經(jīng)

2.

maxillaryn.(V2)

infraorbitaln.

skinbetweeneyeandmouthzygomaticn.

zygomaticskin

pterygopalatinen.

nasalcavity,palatine&tonsil

superioralveolarn.

superiorteeth

3

mandibularn.(V3)

auriculotemporaln.

temporalskin

buccaln.

buccalskinandmucosa

lingualn.

anterior2/3partoftongue

inferioralveolarn.mentaln.

mentalskin

inferiorteeth,gingiva

submandibularganglion

mylohyoidanddigastricmm.

masticatorybranches

masticatorymm.

CNVI.TheAbducentNerve(GSE)ponsVI

lateralrectusmSummaryofCNI-VI21N腦神經(jīng)[facialparalysis面神經(jīng)癱][facialspasm面痙攣]VII.TheFacialNerve(面神經(jīng))

SVE,SVA,GSA,GVEpons(腦橋)延髓溝geniculateganglion(膝神經(jīng)節(jié))VIIVIIstapedius(鐙骨肌)tasteofanterior2/3oftongue(舌前味覺)facialmm.(面肌)Lingualn(舌神經(jīng))tympanicchord(鼓索)temporalbranches(顳支)zygomaticbranches(顴支)buccalbranches(頰支)marginalmandibul.br(下頜緣)cervicalbranch(頸支)V1lacrimalnlacrimalglandnasalglandspalatineglands(淚,鼻腔,腭腺)submandibulargland,

sublingualgland(下頜下腺,舌下腺)pterygo-palatinegangliongreaterpetrosal

n(巖大神經(jīng))腭,蝶腭Nstapedialn(鐙骨肌神經(jīng))21N腦神經(jīng)VII.TheFacialNerve(面神經(jīng))SVE,SVA,GSA,GVE21N腦神經(jīng)[facialparalysis面神經(jīng)癱][facialspasm面痙攣]VII.TheFacialNerve(面神經(jīng))

SVE,SVA,GSA,GVEpons(腦橋)延髓溝geniculateganglion(膝神經(jīng)節(jié))VIIVIIstapedius(鐙骨肌)tasteofanterior2/3oftongue(舌前味覺)facialmm.(面肌)Lingualn(舌神經(jīng))tympanicchord(鼓索)temporalbranches(顳支)zygomaticbranches(顴支)buccalbranches(頰支)marginalmandibul.br(下頜緣)cervicalbranch(頸支)V1lacrimalnlacrimalglandnasalglandspalatineglands(淚,鼻腔,腭腺)submandibulargland,

sublingualgland(下頜下腺,舌下腺)pterygo-palatinegangliongreaterpetrosal

n(巖大神經(jīng))腭,蝶腭Nstapedialn(鐙骨肌神經(jīng))21N腦神經(jīng)

VII.TheFacialNerve(面神經(jīng))

SVE,

SVA,

GSA,

GVE21N腦神經(jīng)

VII.TheFacialNerve(面神經(jīng))

SVE,

SVA,

GSA,

GVE21N腦神經(jīng)[facialparalysis面神經(jīng)癱][facialspasm面痙攣]VII.TheFacialNerve(面神經(jīng))

SVE,SVA,GSA,GVEpons(腦橋)延髓溝geniculateganglion(膝神經(jīng)節(jié))VIIVIIstapedius(鐙骨肌)tasteofanterior2/3oftongue(舌前味覺)facialmm.(面肌)Lingualn(舌神經(jīng))tympanicchord(鼓索)temporalbranches(顳支)zygomaticbranches(顴支)buccalbranches(頰支)marginalmandibul.br(下頜緣)cervicalbranch(頸支)V1lacrimalnlacrimalglandnasalglandspalatineglands(淚,鼻腔,腭腺)submandibulargland,

sublingualgland(下頜下腺,舌下腺)pterygo-palatinegangliongreaterpetrosal

n(巖大神經(jīng))腭,蝶腭Nstapedialn(鐙骨肌神經(jīng))21N腦神經(jīng)VII.TheFacialNerve(面神經(jīng))SVE,SVA,GSA,GVE21N腦神經(jīng)VII.TheFacialNerve(面神經(jīng))SVE,SVA,GSA,GVE21N腦神經(jīng)macullaeofsaccule(橢圓囊)macullaeofutricle(球囊)ampullarycrest(壺腹嵴)Ⅷ.TheVestibulocochlearNerve(前庭蝸神經(jīng))SSA[nervousdeafness神經(jīng)性耳聾]brainstem(腦干)延髓腦橋溝vestibularn.(前庭神經(jīng))cochlearn.(蝸神經(jīng))vestibularganglion(前庭神經(jīng)節(jié))spiralganglion(螺旋神經(jīng)節(jié))頭位置覺聽覺spiralorgans（螺旋器）Int.acous.meatus&pore(內(nèi)耳道,內(nèi)耳門)21N腦神經(jīng)Ⅷ.TheVestibulocochlearNerve(前庭蝸神經(jīng))SSA21N腦神經(jīng)Ⅸ.TheGlossopharyngealNerve(舌咽神經(jīng))

SVE,GVE,SVA,GVA,GSA

IXmedullaoblongata(延髓)sup.ganglioninf.gangliontympanicn(鼓室N)

oticgangparotidgland(腮腺)carotidsinusbranchcarotidsinus&glomuslingualbr(舌支)post.1/3oftongue(tastepharynxstylopharyngealbr(莖突咽肌支)stylopharyn.(莖突咽肌)tonsillarbr.(扁桃體支)palantinetonsil(腭扁桃體)post.auricularbr(耳后支)pharyngealmm.pharyngealbranch(咽支)post.auricul.skin(耳后皮膚)&othersensory)21N腦神經(jīng)Ⅸ.TheGlossopharyngealNerve(舌咽神經(jīng))SVE,GVE,SVA,GVA,GSA21N腦神經(jīng)Ⅹ.TheVagusNerve(迷走神經(jīng))

SVE,GVE,GVA,GSAmedullaoblongataXLsup.ganglioninf.ganglionsup.laryng.n(喉上N)phary.br.(咽支)rd.br.(頸上心支)rd.br.(頸下心支)rec.laryng.n.(喉返N)inf.laryng.n(喉下N)bronc.br.(支氣管支)esophag.br.(食管支)ant.vagaltr.(前干)post.vagaltr.(后干)int.br.(內(nèi)支)laryn.mucosa(喉粘膜)cricothyroideus(環(huán)甲肌)phary.mm(咽肌)&mucosa(粘膜)cardiacplexus(心叢)heartmm(心肌)laryng.mm喉肌&mucosa(粘膜)esoph.br(食管支)trac.br(氣管支)食管腺,肌氣管腺,肌&mucosa(粘膜)&mucosa(粘膜)hepat.br.(肝支)ant.gast.br(胃前支)post.gast.br(胃后支)celiacbr.(腹腔支)hepat.plxgast.plxgast.plxceliacplx肝腺,肌senssenssenssens胃腺,肌胃腺,肌腸腺,肌pulmonaryplxesoph.plx支氣管腺,肌食管腺,肌&mucosa(粘膜)&mucosa(粘膜)sense耳支耳廓,硬腦膜ext.br.(外支)R21N腦神經(jīng)Ⅹ.TheVagusNerve(迷走神經(jīng))21N腦神經(jīng)XI.TheAccessoryNerve(副神經(jīng))SVE

Medullaoblongata(腦干)spinalcord(脊髓)sterno-cleido-mastoideus(胸鎖乳突肌)

trapezius(斜方肌)pharyngealmm.laryngealmm(咽喉肌)spinalroot(脊根)XIcranialroot(顱根21N腦神經(jīng)XII.TheHypoglossalNerve(舌下神經(jīng))GSEmedullaoblongata(延髓)XIIlingualbranches(舌支)mmoftongue(舌肌)descendingbr(降支)ansacervicalis(頸袢)infrahyoidmm(舌骨下肌群)cervicalplexus(頸叢)hypoglossalcanal舌下神經(jīng)管C1C2C3[paralysisoftonguemm.舌肌癱瘓](伸舌時(shí)舌歪向患側(cè))21N腦神經(jīng)SummaryofCNVII-XIICNVII.TheFacialNerve(SVE,GVE,SVA,GSA)pons

VII

geniculategangliondeeppetrosal

n.

greaterpetrosaln.

n.ofpterygoidcanal

pterygopalatineganglion

lacrimalgland1.stapedialnerve

stapedius2.tympanicchord

lingualn.

tasteofanterior2/3oftongue

ganglion

submandibular&sublingualgland3.temporalbranches

frontalmuscle,orbicularisoculi

4.zygomaticbranches

zygomaticus,orbicularisoculi5.buccalbranches

buccinator,musclesaroundthemouth6.

marginalmandibularbranch

musclesoflowerlip

7.

cervicalbranch

platysma

8.

posteriorauricularn.

auricularmusclesandoccipitalisCNVIII.TheVestibulocochlearNerve(SSA)1.vestibularn.

vestibularganglion

maculaeofsaccule&utricle,ampullarycrest2.cochlearn.

cochlearganglion

spiralorgans21N腦神經(jīng)SummaryofCNVII-XIICNIX.TheGlossopharyngealNerve)(SVE,GVE,SVA,GVA,GSA)

superiorganglion

parotidgland

oticganglion│

inferiorganglion

tympanicn.

tympanicplexus

lessorpetrosaln1.

carotidsinusbranch

carotidsinus&carotidglomus

2.

lingualbranches

posterior1/3oftongue(tasteandothersensory)3.

pharyngealbranch

pharyngealmucous

4.

stylopharyngealbranch

stylopharyngeus5.

tonsillarbranch

palatinetonsil6.

pos