BEC中級(jí)【口語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力閱讀寫(xiě)作】中級(jí)作文分冊(cè)(完整版)

BEC中級(jí)【口語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力閱讀寫(xiě)作】中級(jí)作文分冊(cè)（完整版）(文檔可以直接使用，也可根據(jù)實(shí)際需要修改使用,可編輯歡迎下載）

作文部分BEC中級(jí)【口語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力閱讀寫(xiě)作】中級(jí)作文分冊(cè)（完整版）(文檔可以直接使用，也可根據(jù)實(shí)際需要修改使用,可編輯歡迎下載）Time:45minutesPARTFunctions/CommunicativeTaskInputResponseRegister1e.g.givinginstructions,explainingadevelopment,askingforcomments,requestinginformation,agreeingtorequestsRubriconly(pluslayoutofoutputtexttype)Internalcommunication(mediummaybenoteormessageormemoore-mail)(40-50words)Neutral/informal2Correspondence:e.g.explaining,apologizing,reassuring,complainingReport:describingsummarizingProposal:describing,summarizing,recommending,persuadingOneormorepiecesofinputfrom:businesscorrespondence(mediummaybeletter,faxore-mail),internalcommunication(mediummaybenote,memoore-mail),notice,advert,graphs,charts,etc.(pluslayoutifoutputisfaxore-mail)Businesscorrespondence(mediummaybeletter,faxore-mail)orshortreportorproposal(mediummaybememoore-mail)(120-140words)Neutral/formalNotes:Notewritingisveryeasy.Justwriteasyouspeaktoanotherpersonfacetoface.Youwriteanotewhenyouwanttospeaktothepersonwhoisnowabsent.Youwriteitinaveryinformalstyle:thelanguageissimpleandeasy,andonlyafewsentencesareneeded.Writedownthedatefirst(sometimesyoucanevendropthisdownwhenitisnotimportant).Thenspellhisorhername,usuallythefirstname,sinceitisveryfriendlyandintimate.Nextbeginthemessageatanotherlineandfinishittotheend.Finallyendthenotewithyourname,alsofirstname.(Forfurtherreference,seeStudentBookPage78.)Messages:(Forfurtherreference,seeStudentBookPage14.)E-mails:(Forfurtherreference,seeStudentBookPage37.)Memos:Afewwordsshouldbesaidabouttheformatofmemos.Generallytheyhaveallthefeaturesoflettersinformat.Buttheyusuallyhavemoreformalitiesandfeaturesthatwillmakethemeasytoberecognizedandfiled.Thesefeaturesare:AtypedorprintedheadingDateFileorreferencenumbersReader’sfullnameWriter’sfullnameSubjectlineAdistributionlistYoumaynotneedtoincludealloftheseitemsineverymemo.Whatfeaturesshouldbeincludeddependonthememoyouarewriting.(Forfurtherreference,seeStudentBookPage109.)Reports:DirectionsareavailableinStudentBook.See82.Letters:DirectionsareavailableinStudentBook.See80.Appendix:BEC商務(wù)信件寫(xiě)作部分攻略以下是商業(yè)信函的寫(xiě)法：第一章格式問(wèn)題1.格式問(wèn)題：請(qǐng)同學(xué)們?cè)贐EC的寫(xiě)作中采用平頭式的寫(xiě)法。收信人的姓名和地址置于信紙的左上方地址、稱(chēng)呼和結(jié)束禮詞后沒(méi)有標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)日期在右上方段落從定格開(kāi)始，段落之間的行距為兩行（但在考試中由于受答題卡限制，請(qǐng)同學(xué)們酌情考慮）寫(xiě)信人的名字和頭銜在簽名下方2.稱(chēng)呼和結(jié)束禮詞的注意事項(xiàng)：稱(chēng)呼的寫(xiě)法遵循下列原則：DearSirorMadam寫(xiě)信給某一公司，不確定具體的收信人DearSir對(duì)男士，但是你不知道他的具體姓名DearMadam對(duì)女士，但是你不知道他的具體姓名DearMrSmith對(duì)男士DearMsSmith對(duì)已婚或未婚的女士DearMrsSmith對(duì)已婚女士DearMissSmith對(duì)未婚女士DearJohn(此處John為英語(yǔ)中常用男名)對(duì)朋友或你比較熟悉的人（通常為多年生意伙伴）稱(chēng)呼與結(jié)束禮詞存在對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系，請(qǐng)同學(xué)們特別注意：DearSirorMadamYoursfaithfullyDearMr/Ms/Mrs/MissSmithYourssincerelyDearJohnBestwishes以下均為錯(cuò)誤用法：DearMrJohnDearMrJohnSmith3.日期：在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中，天在前，但是在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中，月份在前。所以某些特別的時(shí)期容易引起誤解。例如：12062003在英國(guó)指的是：6月21日在美國(guó)指的是：12月6日因此日期要寫(xiě)成：12June2003注釋?zhuān)涸贐EC考試中同學(xué)們可以采用恩波所推薦的用法。但是12062003的用法仍然是可以使用的，因?yàn)锽EC為英版考試。在使用恩波推薦的用法時(shí)，要記住月份使用大些字母開(kāi)頭。天后不必寫(xiě)th、rd、nd或者st。第二章寫(xiě)法問(wèn)題預(yù)備參加bec考試的同學(xué)們由于缺乏商務(wù)寫(xiě)作的實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)，對(duì)于寫(xiě)作部分都比較郁悶。恩波結(jié)合歷年考試實(shí)際，為大家準(zhǔn)備了15類(lèi)共計(jì)50個(gè)經(jīng)典的實(shí)戰(zhàn)句型，供大家在考場(chǎng)上使用。我們對(duì)每一個(gè)句型都模擬了一種環(huán)境：1.信件的開(kāi)頭：Wearewritingtoenquireabout…Wearewritinginconnectionwith…Weareinterestedin…andwewouldliketoknow…環(huán)境：Youwanttoknowthepricesofsomeairconditioners.Weareinterestedinyourairconditionerandwewouldliketoknowthepricesofsomeairconditioners.Yousawanadvertisementinthenewspaperyesterdayandyouwantfurtherinformation.Wearewritinginconnectionwiththeadvertisementinthenewspaperyesterday.YouwanttoknowifthecompanyyouarewritingtoorganizesholidaystoAfrica.WearewritingtoinquireabouttheholidaystoAfricathatyourcompanyorganizes.2.回信的開(kāi)頭：Thankyouforyourletterof(date)Wehavereceivedyourletterof(date)askingif…enquiringabout…enclosing…concerning…環(huán)境：Acompanywrotetoyouon23July.Theywantedtoknowifyousellphotocopiers.Thankyouforyourletterof23July,askingifwesellphotocopiers.Amanwrotetoyouon18December.Hewantedemploymentwithyourcompany.Healsosenthiscurriculumvitae.Wehavereceivedyourletterof18December,enclosingyourcurriculumvitae.Acompanysentyouafaxon3June.TheywantedtoknowifyouweregoingtothemarketingconferenceinLondon.Thankyouforyourfaxof3June,askingifIwasgoingtothemarketingconferenceinLondon.Awomantelephonedyouthismorning.ShewantedtoknowifherorderNo.599hadarrived.ThankyouforyourtelephonecallthismorningconcerningtheorderNo.599.3.信件的結(jié)尾：一般結(jié)尾：Ilookforwardtoreceivingyourreply/order/products/ect.Lookingforwardtohearingfromyou.如果你在信件中提供了信息：Ihopethatthisinformationwillhelpyou.Pleasecontactmeifyouneedanyfurtherinformation.Pleasefeelfreetocontactmeifyouhaveanyfurtherquestions.Pleaseletmeknowifyouneedanyfurtherinformation.4.引入主題：Withreferenceto…Furtherto…Withregardto…Iamwritinginconnectionwith…注：引入主題的句子可以被寫(xiě)在信件的開(kāi)頭，但withregardto不能用于信件的開(kāi)頭。環(huán)境：(Howwouldyoustartaletterabouteachofthefollowing?)aninvoice(No.679)foraphotocopierWithreferencetoInvoiceNo.679,weregrettotellyouthattheproductarrivedinbadcondition.ameetingyouhadwiththeaddresseeonJan.16thFurthertothemeetingon16January,IamdelightedtotellyouthatwearenowabletogiveyouaspecialofferforourPeachSeriescomputer.anadvertisementinthetimesnewspaperIamwritinginconnectionwiththeadvertisementinthetimesnewspaperyesterday.anapplicationforapostassecretaryinyourcompanyIamwritinginconnectionwithyourapplicationforapostassecretaryinourcompany.afaxorderforsixcomputersthatyoureceivedtodaywithreferencetoyourfaxorderforsixcomputer,Iregrettotellyouthattheyareoutofstockatpresent.5.告知好、壞消息：好消息：Iampleaseddelightedhappytotellinformadviseyouthat…壞消息：Iregretamsorrytotellinformadviseyouthat…Weregretthat…環(huán)境：（completethesesentencesusingphrasesforreferringandgivinggoodorbadnews.）a.___________________________yourorderforsomecupboards,_____________________wehavehadtoincreasetheprice.b.____________________________yourapplicationforapostassecretary,______________________________thatwewouldlikeyoutostartworkassoonaspossible.c._________________________________yourapplicationforapostassecretary,______________________________thatyouwerenotsuccessful.d._________________________________ourtelephoneconversationthismorning,______________________________thatyourcarisnowreadyforyoutocollect.6.說(shuō)明你所能做的和不能做的：Weareunableto…Weareableto…Wehavebeenforcedto…環(huán)境：Youcannotloweryourprices.Weregretthatweareunabletoreduceoutprices.Youhavehadtoraiseyourpricesbecausethegovernmenthasincreasedthesalestax.Wehavebeenforcedtoraiseourpricesbecausethegovernmenthasincreasedthesalestax.However,youcangivethemadiscountof5%iftheirorderisformorethan$8,000.Weareabletogiveyouadiscountof5%ifyourorderismorethan$8,000.Withregardtotheirsecondquestion,youcannotacceptpaymentinEgyptianpoundsbutyoucanacceptUSdollarsorEuros.WearesorrythatweareunabletoacceptpaymentsinEgyptianpoundsbutweareabletoacceptUSdollarsorEuros.7.說(shuō)明原因：Thisisowingto…dueto…aresultof…becauseof…注：owingto通常用于不好的消息。如果想在原因中使用動(dòng)詞，請(qǐng)加上thefactthat的從句。環(huán)境：increasepricesfallofthedollarWehavebeenforcetoincreaseourprices.Thisisowingtothefallofthedollar.DelaythedeliveryofthegoodsstrikebyairlinepilotsWehavebeenforcedtodelaythedeliveryofthegoods.Thisisowingtothestrikebyairlinepilots.Increaseallsalariesby10%riseinsalesWeareabletoincreaseallsalariesby10%.Thisistheresultofabigriseinsales.Cutallsalariesby10%fallinsalesWehavebeenforcedtocutallsalariesby10%.Thisisduetothefactthattherehasbeenafallinsalesinthepasttenmonths.CannotdeliveryourneworderwehavenotreceivedyourpaymentfrothelastorderWeregretthatweareunabletodeliveryourneworderimmediately.Thisisowingtothefactthatwehavenotreceivedyourpaymentforthelastorder.CancelthemeetingalotofstaffhavebeenillWehavebeenforcedtocancelthemeeting.Thisisbecausesomemembersofourstaffhavebeenill.8.請(qǐng)求采取行動(dòng)：Pleasecouldyou…Wewouldbegratefulifyoucould…Wewouldbeappreciateitifyoucould…assoonaspossible.withoutdelay.immediately.注：pleasecouldyou…是最直接的方式。在要求一些一般性的事情時(shí)，可以使用這種表達(dá)。環(huán)境：Youhaveseenanadvertisementinthenewspaperforapostasofficemanger.Youwantanapplicationform.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldsendmeanapplicationform.Thephotocopierinyourofficehasbrokendown.Youwanttohaveitrepaired,quickly.Wewouldbegratefulifyoucouldsendarepairmantofixourphotocopierassoonaspossible.Youhavemovedyourofficeandyouwantthepostofficetoforwardyourletterstoyournewaddress.Pleasecouldyouforwardmyletterstomynewaddress.Youwantthetelephonecompanytoputanothertelephoneinyouroffice.Youneediturgently.Wewouldappreciateitifyoucouldputanothertelephoneinourofficeimmediately.Youhavewrittentoacompanyandyouwantthemtoreplyquickly.Iwouldbegratefulifyoucouldgiveusareplyquickly.9.抱歉：Wemustapologizefor…Weapologizefor…Weareextremelysorryfor…注：以上句型后請(qǐng)使用動(dòng)詞ing形式。以上句型中的for可以換成that，然后用從句表達(dá)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，解釋產(chǎn)生問(wèn)題的原因，然后在信的結(jié)尾處再次表達(dá)歉意。再次抱歉：Pleaseacceptourapologiesonceagain.Wehopethatthishasnotcausedyouanyinconvenience.Withapologiesonceagain.10.要求提供信息：PleasecouldyouWewouldbegratefulifyoucouldWewouldappreciateitifyoucouldgiveusfurtherdetailsabout..informus(about/if)…letusknow(about/if)…Wewouldliketoknow(about/if)…注：如果需要特別重要的信息，可以在以上句型前使用：inparticular。環(huán)境：Youwrotealettertosomeoneandtheyhaven’treplied.Youwanttoknowiftheyreceivedtheletter.Wewouldbegratefulifyoucouldletusknowiftheletterhasreachedyou.Abusinessmanisgoingtoyourcountry.Hewantsyoutogetavisaforhim.Youneedallthedetailsabouthispassport(hisnationality,dateofbirth,wherehispassportwasissued,andwhenitexpires).Pleasecouldyougivedetailsaboutyourpassport.Iwouldliketoknowyournationality,dateofbirth,whereyourpassportwasissuedandwhenitexpires.Youwanttoknowaboutthesamebusinessman’sflight(flightnumber,dateandtimeofarrival).Inparticular,Iwouldliketoknowyourflightnumber,dateandtimeofarrival.11.輕度抱怨：Unfortunately,+表示somethingiswrong的句子環(huán)境：Acompanyhassentyouabillforthewronggoods.Unfortunatelyyousentusabillforthewronggoods.Pleasecouldyousendusacorrectbillassoonaspossible.Yournewphotocopierhasbrokendown.Youhavetowritetothecompanywhosoldittoyou.Unfortunatelyournewphotocopierhasbrokendown.Pleasecouldyousendarepairmantofixitforusassoonaspossible.TwotemporarysecretariesdonotspeakEnglish.Youhavetowritetotheagencywhosentthemtoyou.UnfortunatelytwotemporarysecretariesyourecommendedtousdonotspeakEnglish.WewouldbegratefulifyoucouldrecommendtwomorewhocouldspeakEnglish.Youkeepreceivinglettersforsomeoneelse.Youhavetowritetothepostoffice.UnfortunatelyIkeepreceivinglettersforsomeoneelse.Pleasecouldyoumaketheaddressclearbeforeyoudeliverletterseveryday.12.提醒某人對(duì)某事的注意：Ishouldliketodrawyourattentionto(thefactthat)…Ishouldliketopointoutthat…如果你提醒的事情對(duì)方已經(jīng)知道（你想表達(dá)你的生氣）：Ishouldliketoremindyouthat…Ihopethatitisnotnecessarytoremindyouthat…環(huán)境：Oneofyourstaffkeepsparkinghiscarinfrontofthemaindoor,thespacewhichisreservedfortheMD.IshouldliketoremindyouthatthespaceinfrontofthemaindoorisreservedfortheMD.Someoneisinterestedinpurchasingalargequantityofyoursimplexcameras.Tellhimabout25%discountforlargeorders.Ishouldliketdrawyourattentiontothefactthatweofferabout25%discountforlargerorders.Oneofyourstaffarriveshalfanhourlateforworkeveryday.(Sheshouldstartat9.30.)Ihopethatitisnotnecessarytoremindyouthatworkstartat9:30everyday.Someoneisinterestedinyourproducts.Tellhimthatyouguaranteethatyourpricesarethelargestinthecountry.Ishouldliketopointoutthatweguaranteethatallpricesarethelowestinthecountry.13.要求某人采取行動(dòng)：Wemustinsistthat…DO…（DO指動(dòng)詞原型）注：請(qǐng)注意這一句型和句型8的區(qū)別。環(huán)境：Wemustinsistthatyoudeliverthegoodsimmediately.14.警告：Unless…If…(not)…Wewillbeforcedto…環(huán)境：(Whatwarningswouldyougivethesepeople?)AcompanythathasnotpaidyourbillUnlessyoupaythebill,wewillbeforcedtotakelegalactions.Anothercompanythatisusingyourcompany’scarparkIfyoudonotmoveyourcarawayfromourpark,wewillbeforcedtoturntothepolice.AnemployeewhoalwaysarriveslateforworkUnlessyoucometoworkontime,wewillbeforcedtofireyou.AbuilderwhohasleftalotoftheirtoolsinyourofficeIfyoudonottakeyourtoolsfromouroffice,wewillbeforcedtothrowthemaway.15.強(qiáng)烈抱怨：注：強(qiáng)烈抱怨遵循以下步驟：a.闡述發(fā)生的問(wèn)題：itisnowoverninemonthssinceweplacedthisorderandwearestillwaitingforthecabinets.b.使用句型12：Ishouldliketopointoutthatwehavealreadypaidforthesecabinets.c.使用句型13：wemustinsistthatyoudeliverthemimmediately.d.使用句型14：unlesswehearfromyouwithin7dayswewilltakelegalaction.第三章檢查（包括圖表寫(xiě)作和report）檢查的四個(gè)主要方面：1.標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)：完全禁用的符號(hào)：：“”《》。2.拼寫(xiě)：雙寫(xiě)輔音y改成復(fù)數(shù)3.語(yǔ)法：主謂一致冠詞次序介詞時(shí)態(tài)漏詞4.可能導(dǎo)致信息表達(dá)不清的因素：太長(zhǎng)的段落太長(zhǎng)的句子運(yùn)用不常使用的詞匯一次包含太多的信息信息不完整信息順序混亂AppendixTwo:對(duì)于線(xiàn)性圖表的描述上升1.對(duì)于上升趨勢(shì)的描述：a.可以使用的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組：toincreasetogouptorisetogrowtojumptoleaptosoartoshoottopickupb.可以使用的名詞：anincreaseagrowthajumpasoaranupwardtrend2.對(duì)于上升到某個(gè)位置的描述：a.1.a.中的動(dòng)詞＋to＋具體數(shù)據(jù)。b.1.a.中的動(dòng)詞＋to＋thepeakof＋具體數(shù)據(jù)。c.1.a.中的動(dòng)詞＋reachingthepeakof+具體數(shù)據(jù)。d.1.a.中的動(dòng)詞＋reaching+具體數(shù)據(jù)。e.topeakat＋具體數(shù)據(jù)f.toclimbto+具體數(shù)據(jù)3.對(duì)于上升的程度的描述：a.1.a.中的動(dòng)詞＋by＋具體數(shù)據(jù)。b.1.a.中的動(dòng)詞＋副詞。下降1.對(duì)于下降趨勢(shì)的描述：a.可以使用的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組：tofalltodecreasetogodowntoslidetocollapsetodeclinetodropb.可以使用的名詞：acollapseadecreaseafalladeclineadrop2.對(duì)于下降到某個(gè)位置的描述：a.1.a.中的動(dòng)詞＋to＋具體數(shù)據(jù)。b.1.a.中的動(dòng)詞＋to＋thebottomof＋具體數(shù)據(jù)。c.1.a.中的動(dòng)詞＋reachingthebottomof+具體數(shù)據(jù)。d.1.a.中的動(dòng)詞＋reaching+具體數(shù)據(jù)。3.對(duì)于下降程度的描述：a.1.a.中的動(dòng)詞＋by＋具體數(shù)據(jù)。b.1.a.中的動(dòng)詞＋副詞。對(duì)于平穩(wěn)的趨勢(shì)的描述：可以使用的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組：tohardlychangetohavelittlechangetokeepsteadytolevelofftoremainconstanttostaythesame表示程度的副詞：1.程度較大：considerablydramaticallygreatlymarkedlyobviouslyquicklyrapidlysharplysignificantlysuddenly2.程度較?。簊lightlygraduallyslowlysteadily時(shí)間的嵌入嵌入時(shí)間時(shí)所使用的介詞和介詞詞組：infrom……to……between…….and……during……and……atthestartof……bytheendof……over……attheendof……throughout……時(shí)間’s+具體數(shù)據(jù)上升和下降趨勢(shì)的組合描述（嵌入了時(shí)間和程度之后）：1.先上升后下降的句型：increasedslowlyduring……and……butfellsharplyin…….Asteadyfallin……during……and……followedthesharpincreasein…….2.先下降后上升的句型：……fellbefore……begantomakearecovery…………continuetherecovery,climbingto…………droppedduring……butincreasedagainin…………fellandthenpickupduring…………collapsedbeforerisingto……attheendof……3.起伏波動(dòng)的句型：……fluctuatedsharplyallthrough……4.波動(dòng)不大的句型：……h(huán)ardlychangedthroughtheperiodbetween……and……柱狀圖形的描述轉(zhuǎn)換為線(xiàn)形圖形的描述餅狀圖形的描述對(duì)于百分比進(jìn)行描述所使用的句型：……%the……is/has/have/are…………accountsfor……%ofthetotal……takesup……%inthewholechart趨勢(shì)的比較1.表示相似的句型(實(shí)例)：BothsharepricesrosesharplyinJanuary.Neithercompanyhasmadeaprofityet.LikeX,YfellinJune.XrosejustassharplyasY.2.表示差異的句型（實(shí)例）：Xfellsharplywhereas/whileYremainedsteady.XfellquicklycomparedtoY.UnlikeY,Xroseby10%.XrosefarmoredramaticallythanY.3.表示倍數(shù)的句型：the……doubled/tripledin……comparedwiththosein……4.客觀比較的句型：……is……incontrastto……數(shù)據(jù)的修飾1.表示不足的詞或詞組：uptobelowunderalmostnearly2.表示超過(guò)的詞或詞組：overmorethanjustover3.表示大約的詞：aboutAppendixThree:ExerciseOnePartOneQuestions44YouaretheManagerofasmallprintingcompany.Anewemployee,MarkMcCabe,isjoiningyourcompanyon10thMay.Writeashortmemotoyourofficeadministrator:Sayingwhoisstartingworkandwhen;TellinghimwhatMarkMcCabe’sjobwillbe;SuggestingwhereMarkMcCabe’sdeskshouldbeput;Write30-40wordsonyouranswersheet.PartTwoQuestion45Youweresentonaresidentialtrainingcourseforfivedays.Unfortunatelythecoursewasverybadlyrunandtherewerealotofproblemswithit.Theadvertbelowshowsthedetailsofthecourse,togetherwithyourcomments.Writeareportforyourmanageronthecourse(100-120words).Describetheproblemswiththecourseandsuggestwhatyourcompanyshoulddo.Writeonyouranswersheet.ImproveyourcomputingskillsJoinour5-daycourseLTEBusinessComputingCoursesFortheyoungprofessionalOur5-daycourseshavebeendevelopedoverthelastthreeyearsandhavebeendesignedspeciallyforalllevelsofofficepersonnel.Weprovide:Highlyexperiencedandqualifiedtrainers(onlyoneteacher–thiswashisfirstcourse)Themostup-to-datesoftwarerunningonthelatesthi-techpersonalcomputersGroupsofnomorethansixstudents(ninestudents–someofushadtosharecomputerterminals)Opportunitiesforindividualinstructioneveryevening(theonearoundintheevening)ComfortableteachingroomsinamodernhotelBytheendofthecourseyouwillbeanexpertinusingawordprocessor,aspreadsheet,adatabase,andelectronicmail.(onlydidword–processing)PhoneJaneon1222323formoredetails.(¬enoughfood!)ExerciseTwoPartOneQuestion44YourcompanyhasjustopenedanewofficeintheUnitedStates.Youhaveagreedtogoandworkthereforsixmonths.Writeamemoof30-40wordstoallyourcolleagues:Explainingwhyyouwillbeabsent;Sayingwhenyouareleavingtheoffice;Expressingyourwishtokeepintouch;Writeonyouranswersheet.PartTwoQuestion45YouworkforRCT,acompanywhichsellsbusinessstationery.RCTisinterestedinbecominganagentforNovestat,acompanywhichmanufacturespaperproducts.ReadNovestat’sadvertisementbelow,onwhichyouhavemadesomenotes.Then,usingallyournotes,writealettertoJamesDowlingatNovestat.Donotincludepostaladdresses.Write100-120words.Writeonyouranswersheet.NovestatAgentsrequiredForanewpaperproductNovestat,aleadingmanufacturerofbusinessstationery,isdelightedtoannounceitsexcitingnewrangeofdesignerpaperproducts.Thisrangeallowscustomerstocreatetheirownbusinessstationerytothehighestprofessionalstandards,usingtheirowncomputerprinters.Wearelookingforcompaniesworld-widetodistributetheNOVESTATDESIGNERPAPERrange.Ifyourcompanyhas:Minimum5year’srelevantexperience;(10years;saywhatRCTdoes)Dynamic,motivatedsalesforce;(nationalsalesawardlastyear)Excellentdistributionnetwork;(tellthemaboutourretailoutlets)Thenpleasewriteto:JamesDowling,Novestat,Unit3,BasingEstate,Hampton,Middlesex,TW135SA,U.K.(arrangeameetingwiththemnextmonth?)ExerciseThreePartOneQuestion44Youarethetrainingmanagerofacompanywhichhaswonalargeexportorder.Youhavebeenaskedtoorganizeforeignlanguagetrainingforsomeofyourstaff.Writeamemoof30-40wordstostaff:Explainingwhythecoursesarenecessary;Sayingwhichmembersofstaffshouldattend;Announcingwhenthecourseswillstart;Writeonyouranswersheet.PartTwoQuestion45Yourcompanyexportstoanumberofcountriesaroundtheworld.Thecompanyislookingfornewagentsforinternationalfreight.Readthetwoadvertisementsbelow,onwhichyouhavemadesomenotes.Thenusingthenotes,writeashortreportfortheExportSalesManager,coveringallyourpointsandsayingwhichagentyourecommend.Write100-120words.Writeonyouranswersheet.Globelink25years’experienceinseafreightworldwidedestinationsairfreightalsoavailable(mayneedforurgentorders)alldocumentationprovided(theycompleteallcustomsforms–FTDdon’t)competitiverates–quotesavailableonrequesttel.0208344879FTDShippingAgentsFreightagentstomanymajorports(mainlyinEurope)RefrigeratedshippingContainersavailableNoquantitytoosmall(couldbeusefulforsmallorders)ContactMartinTayloron0207234576forfurtherinformationanddetailsofcharges(abithigherthanGlobelink)ExerciseFourPartOneQuestion44YouareHeadofResearchforaninternationalcarmanufacturer.YouhavetomakeanurgenttriptomorrowtovisitPierreBlanco,acolleaguewhoworksforasubsidiary.Writeamemoof30-40wordstoyoursecretary.Tellingherwhoyouaregoingtoseeandwhen;Askinghertobookflightticketsandaccommodation;Tellingherwhatworkyouwouldlikehertodoinyourabsence;Writeonyouranswersheet.PartTwoQuestion45YouarethemanagerofaTVandradiorepairworkshop.Oneofyouremployeeshasreceivedtheletterbelowaboutafaultycassetteplayerwhichheinspected.Hehaswrittenhiscommentsonthecustomer’sletterandaskedyoutowriteareply.Writealetterof100-120wordstothecustomer,usingtheemployee’scommentsandexplainingwhyyourcompanycannotrepairthecassetteplayer.Donotincludeaddresses.Writeonyouranswersheet.MrD.MasonRadioWorld6AdelaideParkLondonw6DearMrMasonRe:repairofTashitaCassettePlayerYoureturnedourcassetteplayertouson5thSeptember,afterhavingitinyourshopforoveramonth,(sorry!Technicianoffsick)sayingthatyoucouldnotrepairthefollowingfaults:1.aproblemwiththevolumecontrol(needsreplacing;partnotavailable)2.difficultyoperatingtheon/offswitch.(possibletoreplacebutveryexpensive)Iwasverysurprisedtohearthis,becausetheequipmentisnotallthatold.(manufacturedin1985)ThereforeIwouldbegratefulifyoucouldexplaininwritingwhytheequipmentis,inyouropinion,beyondrepair,sothatIcandiscussthismatterwiththemanufacturers.(outofbusinesssince1990)Yourssincerely,PaulJohnsonExerciseFivePartOneQuestion44Youareamanagerinacompanywhichmanufacturesofficefurniture.NextmonthyouaregoingtoLondontodiscussanimportantcontract.Writeanoteof30-40wordstoyourassistant:1.sayingwhenyouwanttoleaveandreturn2.askinghimtobookflights3.tellinghimwhichhoteltobookPartTwoQuestion45Yourecentlyattendedaone-daytrainingcourseonhealthandsafety.Youweredisappointedwiththecourse.Readtheadvertisementbelow,whichgivesthedetailsofthecourse.Youhavewrittensomenotesontheadvertisement.Thenusingyourhandwrittennotes,writealettertothecompany,complainingaboutthecourse.Donotincludepostaladdress.Write100-120words.Writeonyouranswersheet.GBGCertificationServicesGoodforbusiness,goodforyou.Regardlessofwhetheryouareinamanufacturingorserviceindustry,youarerequiredbylawtooperateyourbusinessinamannerwhichissafeandhealthyforyourworkforce.Ourcourseswillhelpyouprovideasafeandlegallysoundworkingenvironmentforyourstaff.Ourone-daycoursesinclude:Experiencedandhighly-qualifiedtrainers(trainerwassickreplacementpoor)High-qualityinformationpacks(pileofloosephotocopies)Smallgroups(maximum8people)(nottrue)Priceincludeslunchandrefreshments(explainwhatwaswrongwithlunch)Allone-daycoursesrunMonday–Fridayfrom9:30–17:00(startedlate)Formoreinformationcontact:MoiraGeddingsGBGHouseSummerfieldRoadOxfordOX84DN2021年中級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)師經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)真題及答案解析一、單項(xiàng)選擇題(共70題，每題1分，每題的備選項(xiàng)中，只有一個(gè)最符合題意)1.某月內(nèi)，甲商品的替代品和互補(bǔ)品的價(jià)格同時(shí)上升，引起的甲商品的需求變動(dòng)量分別為50單位和80單位，則在這類(lèi)商品價(jià)格變動(dòng)的共同作用下，該月甲商品的需求量變動(dòng)情況是()A.增加30單位B.減少30單位C.增加130單位D.減少130單位參考答案：B【答案解析】某商品價(jià)格與其替代品需求量同向，與其互補(bǔ)品需求量相反。替代品價(jià)格上升，導(dǎo)致本商品需求量上升50個(gè)單位，互補(bǔ)品價(jià)格上升導(dǎo)致本商品需求量量下降80個(gè)單位，總共影響是甲商品需求量下降30個(gè)單位。本題實(shí)質(zhì)考核替代品、互補(bǔ)品對(duì)商品需求量的影響。【試題點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考核替代品、互補(bǔ)品的相關(guān)知識(shí)。教材第8頁(yè)對(duì)需求交叉價(jià)格彈性的介紹中，對(duì)替代品和互補(bǔ)品的價(jià)格、需求變動(dòng)做了理論闡述。本題只是把這種理論闡述變成了具體的例子。2.政府為了保護(hù)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)者，對(duì)部分農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品規(guī)定了保護(hù)價(jià)格。為了采取這種價(jià)格政策，應(yīng)采取相應(yīng)的措施是()A.取消農(nóng)業(yè)稅B.對(duì)城鎮(zhèn)居民實(shí)行糧食配給制C.當(dāng)市場(chǎng)上出現(xiàn)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品過(guò)剩的進(jìn)行收購(gòu)D.擴(kuò)大農(nóng)民家電消費(fèi)參考答案：C【答案解析】保護(hù)價(jià)格高于均衡價(jià)格，會(huì)刺激生產(chǎn)，限制消費(fèi)，導(dǎo)致市場(chǎng)過(guò)剩，當(dāng)市場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)過(guò)剩時(shí)，政府應(yīng)及時(shí)入市收購(gòu)并予以?xún)?chǔ)備，否則保護(hù)價(jià)格必然流于形式。【試題點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考核保護(hù)價(jià)格的相關(guān)知識(shí)。教材第5頁(yè)有相關(guān)規(guī)定，只是出題角度較靈活。

3.任意兩兩條無(wú)差異曲線(xiàn)不能相交，這是根據(jù)偏好的()假定來(lái)判定的。A.完備性B.可傳遞性C.多比少好D.可加總性參考答案：B【答案解析】可傳遞性是指假定有ABC三種組合，如果消費(fèi)者對(duì)A的偏好大于B，對(duì)B的偏好大于C，那么對(duì)A的偏好必定大于C，如果兩條無(wú)差異曲線(xiàn)相交，則如下圖所示：A、B均位于I2，AB偏好相同;AC位于I1，AC偏好相同，根據(jù)偏好的可傳遞性，B與C的偏好相同，但這是不可能的，因?yàn)锽比C具有更多的X2，根據(jù)多多益善假定，B必定比C更受偏好，因此無(wú)差異曲線(xiàn)不能相交?！驹囶}點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考核無(wú)差異曲線(xiàn)的特征及偏好的基本假定。教材14頁(yè)倒數(shù)第三行有原話(huà)。4.消費(fèi)者效用最大化的均衡條件是()A.商品邊際替代率等于商品價(jià)格之比B.商品邊際替代率大于商品價(jià)格之比C.商品邊際替代率小于商品價(jià)格與收入之比D.商品邊際替代率等于商品價(jià)格與收入之比參考答案：A【答案解析】消費(fèi)者效用最大化的均衡條件，其含義是：在一定的預(yù)算約束下，為了實(shí)現(xiàn)效用最大化，消費(fèi)者應(yīng)選擇商品的最優(yōu)組合，使得兩種商品邊際替代率等于兩種商品的價(jià)格比?！驹囶}點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考核教材中的原話(huà)。只要記住就能選對(duì)。參見(jiàn)教材第18頁(yè)。5.在其他條件不變的情況下，如果連續(xù)增加勞動(dòng)的投入，在總產(chǎn)量達(dá)到最大值時(shí)，勞動(dòng)的邊際產(chǎn)量()A.大于零B.小于零C.等于零D.等于平均產(chǎn)量參考答案：C【答案解析】當(dāng)邊際產(chǎn)量等于0時(shí)，總產(chǎn)量達(dá)到最大值?！驹囶}點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查總產(chǎn)量曲線(xiàn)的形狀。教材第25頁(yè)有原話(huà)。可以結(jié)合圖1—16進(jìn)行記憶。6.自然壟斷指的是()的情況。A.一個(gè)企業(yè)能以低于兩個(gè)或更多企業(yè)的成本為整個(gè)市場(chǎng)供給一種產(chǎn)品B.企業(yè)壟斷某種自然資源C.政府對(duì)重要自然資產(chǎn)實(shí)行完全壟斷D.兩家企業(yè)共同控制一個(gè)市場(chǎng)參考答案：A【答案解析】當(dāng)行業(yè)中只有一家企業(yè)能夠有效率地進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)，或者當(dāng)一個(gè)企業(yè)能以低于一個(gè)兩個(gè)或更多企業(yè)的成本為整個(gè)市場(chǎng)供給一個(gè)種產(chǎn)品時(shí)，這個(gè)行業(yè)就是自然壟斷?！驹囶}點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考核自然壟斷的定義。參見(jiàn)教材第33頁(yè)。7.實(shí)施價(jià)格歧視的基本條件不包括()A.賣(mài)方具有壟斷地位B.企業(yè)生產(chǎn)有商品或服務(wù)具有耐用品性質(zhì)C.消費(fèi)者之間存在不同的需求價(jià)格彈性D.不同消費(fèi)者所在的市場(chǎng)能被隔離開(kāi)參考答案：B【答案解析】第一，必須有可能根據(jù)不同價(jià)格彈性劃分出兩組或兩組以上的不同購(gòu)買(mǎi)者;第二，市場(chǎng)必須是能夠有效地隔離開(kāi)，同一產(chǎn)品不能在不同市場(chǎng)之間流動(dòng)，即不能使購(gòu)買(mǎi)者在低價(jià)市場(chǎng)上買(mǎi)到產(chǎn)品再賣(mài)到高價(jià)市場(chǎng)上去。如果這兩個(gè)條件能夠滿(mǎn)足，那么，企業(yè)就可以通過(guò)對(duì)缺乏彈性的市場(chǎng)規(guī)定較高的價(jià)格，而對(duì)富有彈性的市場(chǎng)規(guī)定較低的價(jià)格，以增加總收益?！驹囶}點(diǎn)評(píng)】教材中有原話(huà)。參見(jiàn)教材第38頁(yè)。8.資源配置達(dá)到帕累托最優(yōu)狀態(tài)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是()A.還存在怕累托改進(jìn)的資源配置狀態(tài)B.收入在不同居民之間分配公平C.可能由重新組合生產(chǎn)和分配使一個(gè)人或多個(gè)人的福利增加，而不使其他任何人的福利減少D.不可能由重新組合生產(chǎn)和分配來(lái)使一個(gè)人或多個(gè)人的福利增加，而不使其他任何人的福利減少參考答案：D【答案解析】資源實(shí)現(xiàn)最優(yōu)配置的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是，當(dāng)一種資源的任何重新分配，已經(jīng)不可能使任何一個(gè)人的境況變好，而不使一個(gè)人的境況變壞。換言之，社會(huì)已達(dá)到這樣的一種狀態(tài)，如果資源在某種配置下，不可能由重新組合生產(chǎn)和分配來(lái)使一個(gè)人或多個(gè)人的福利增加，而不使其他任何人的福利減少，那么社會(huì)就實(shí)現(xiàn)了資源的最優(yōu)配置?！驹囶}點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查資源實(shí)現(xiàn)最優(yōu)配置狀態(tài)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。參見(jiàn)教材第40頁(yè)。9.科斯定理的含義是()A.只要財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)是明確的，那么無(wú)論在開(kāi)始時(shí)將財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)賦予誰(shuí)，市場(chǎng)均衡的最終結(jié)果都是有效率的，就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)資源配置的怕累托最優(yōu)B.只要財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)是明確的，并且交易成本為零或者最小，那么無(wú)論開(kāi)始時(shí)將財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)賦予誰(shuí)，市場(chǎng)均衡的最終結(jié)果都是有效的，就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)資源的怕累托最優(yōu)C.只要交易成本為零或者很小，市場(chǎng)均衡的最終結(jié)果都是有效的，就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)資源的怕累托最優(yōu)D.無(wú)論財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)是否明確，只要交易成本為零或者很小，就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)資源配置的怕累托最優(yōu)參考答案：B【答案解析】科斯定理：只要財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)是明確的，并且交易成本是零或者很小，那么無(wú)論開(kāi)始時(shí)將財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)賦予誰(shuí)，市場(chǎng)均衡的最終結(jié)果都是有效的，實(shí)現(xiàn)資源配置的怕累托最優(yōu)?！驹囶}點(diǎn)評(píng)】教材有原話(huà)。參見(jiàn)教材45頁(yè)。

10.在買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方存在信息不對(duì)稱(chēng)的情況下，質(zhì)量的商品往往將質(zhì)量好的商品驅(qū)逐出市場(chǎng)，這種現(xiàn)象稱(chēng)為()A.道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)B.正向選擇C.逆向選擇D.外部不經(jīng)濟(jì)參考答案：C【答案解析】(1)逆向選擇是買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方在不對(duì)稱(chēng)信息的情況下，出現(xiàn)質(zhì)量差的商品往往將質(zhì)量好看商品驅(qū)除市場(chǎng)的現(xiàn)象。(2)道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，是指交易雙方協(xié)議達(dá)成后，協(xié)議的一方利用信息的不對(duì)稱(chēng)，對(duì)過(guò)改變自己的行為，來(lái)?yè)p害對(duì)方的利益，如交完汽車(chē)保險(xiǎn)后不認(rèn)真開(kāi)車(chē)，交完財(cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn)后不注意防盜?！驹囶}點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查逆向選擇的定義。參見(jiàn)教材44頁(yè)。11.下列失業(yè)類(lèi)型中，屬于自愿失業(yè)的是()A.需求不足性失業(yè)B.摩擦性失業(yè)C.隱性失業(yè)D.周期性失業(yè)參考答案：B【答案解析】自愿失業(yè)包括摩擦性失業(yè)和結(jié)構(gòu)性失業(yè)?！驹囶}點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查自愿失業(yè)的類(lèi)型。參見(jiàn)教材第61頁(yè)。12.如果用I表示投資、S表示儲(chǔ)蓄、T表示稅收、G表示政府購(gòu)買(mǎi)，X表示出口、M表示進(jìn)口，則四部門(mén)經(jīng)濟(jì)中儲(chǔ)蓄和投資的恒等關(guān)系是()A.I=S+(T-G)+(M-X)B.I=S+T-G+MC.I=S+(T-G)D.I=S+(M-X)參考答案：A【答案解析】四部門(mén)經(jīng)濟(jì)中儲(chǔ)蓄和投資的恒等關(guān)系I=S+(T-G)+(M-X)【試題點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查儲(chǔ)蓄—投資恒等式。參見(jiàn)教材第49頁(yè)。13.假定邊際消費(fèi)貨幣β是0.75，則投資乘數(shù)k應(yīng)為()A.1B.2C.3參考答案：D【答案解析】投資乘數(shù):k=1/(1-β)=1/(1-0.75)=4【試題點(diǎn)