金融英語 習(xí)題參考答案 楊琰

金融英語習(xí)題參考答案Unit1MoneyCreditandInterestRatesSectionAMoneyandmoneysupplyExercisesI.barter mediumofexchange storeofvalue unitofaccount currencydevaluationmetalmoney full-bodiedmoney goldstandard creditmoney legaltenderelectronicmoney moneycreation moneyleakage additionaldepositsII.Inordertobeamediumofexchange,moneymustholditsvalueovertime,thatis,itmustbeastoreofvalue.Moneyalsofunctionsasaunitofaccountorstandardofvalue,providingacommonmeasureofthevalueofgoodsandservicesbeingexchanged.Thecommoditymoneyistheoldestformofmoney,mainlyusedinabartereconomy.Almostallcountrieshaveexperiencedthestageofmetalmoneywhichusedtobeaperfectformofmoney.III.信用貨幣不包括或不代表特定的有價(jià)值商品。信用貨幣的價(jià)值取決于其在發(fā)行人信用基礎(chǔ)上的普遍接受程度，并通過信貸流程創(chuàng)造。電子貨幣通常有兩種形式：一種是各種塑料卡，如信用卡；另一種是網(wǎng)上銀行賬戶。如果央行提高存款準(zhǔn)備金率，貨幣乘數(shù)就會(huì)下降，這意味著存款創(chuàng)造和貨幣供應(yīng)都會(huì)減少。SectionBCreditExercisesI.Commercialcreditisthecreditprovidedmutuallybetweenenterprisesandislinkeddirectlytogoodsexchange.Usuallycommercialcreditisprovidedeitherintheformofdeferredpaymentorpaymentinadvancewhenbusinessesconductgoodstransactions.Consumer’screditisthecreditthatbusinesses,banksandotherfinancialinstitutionsgranttoconsumersformeetingconsumers’demandforconsumergoods.Inconsumer’scredit,thedebtorsareconsumers.Anordercheck,whichisthemostcommonform,ispayableonlytothenamedpayeeorhisorherendorsee,asitusuallycontainsthelanguage“Paytotheorderof(name)”.II.銀行信用已成為大多數(shù)國家現(xiàn)代信貸的主要形式。但銀行信用不能完全取代商業(yè)信用。商業(yè)信用仍然是銀行信用的基礎(chǔ)。私人信用的違約風(fēng)險(xiǎn)非常高。私人信用涉及自主、分散、盲目的借貸行為，難以被政府金融機(jī)構(gòu)規(guī)范和監(jiān)管。SectionCInterestratesExerciseI.Interest interestrate simpleinterest compoundinterest timevaluenominalinterestrate realinterestrate fixedinterest floatinginterestratedepositinterestrate loaninterestrate legalinterestrate benchmarkinterestrateII.Therealinterestratereferstotheinterestrateadjustedbysubtractingtheexpectedchangeinpricelevel(inflation),whichcanmoreaccuratelyreflectthetruecostofborrowing.Inordertopreventoverheatingduringtheboomperiod,thegovernmentadoptedthepolicyoftighteningmonetarypolicyandraisinginterestrates;inthedepressionperiod,itrelaxedmonetarypolicyandloweredinterestrates.III.利息是以貸款的形式借入資金所產(chǎn)生的費(fèi)用。利率是衡量借款人在一定時(shí)間間隔內(nèi)使用借款而向貸款人支付的價(jià)格。公眾將一年期定期存款利率作為基準(zhǔn)市場利率，隔夜拆借利率是銀行的基準(zhǔn)市場利率。Unit2TheCentralBankSectionAOverviewoftheCentralBankExercisesI.centralbankmonetarypolicycreditpolicycurrencyissuingfinancialsupervisionquantitativeanalysislenderoflastresortdiscountratefinancialinstitutionsopenmarketoperationreserverequirement naturalrateofunemployment monetarypolicygoalII.Thecentralbankisresponsibleforformulatingandimplementingthenationalmonetaryandcreditpolicies,havingtheexclusiverighttoissuecurrencyandimplementingfinancialsupervision.Thecentralbankplaysanimportantroleinthenation’spaymentssystem.Itprovidesbankingservicestodepositoryinstitutionsandtothegovernment.Rediscountistheactofthecentralbanktoprovidefinancialsupporttocommercialbanksbybuyingdiscountedbutnotyetmaturedcommercialpaperheldbycommercialbanks.Windowguidancereferstoakindofmildandnon-mandatorymonetarypolicytoolthatthecentralbankinfluencesthecreditbehaviorofcommercialbanksthroughadviceandsuggestions,anditisakindofpersuasivesupervisionmeans.Bankingindustryisthemostheavilyregulatedfinancialinstitutionintheworld.Thislargelyreflectsthecriticallyimportantrolebankingindustryplayinthepaymentssystemandinprovidingcredittoindividualsandbusinesses.III.中央銀行通過影響經(jīng)濟(jì)中的貨幣和信貸條件來執(zhí)行國家貨幣政策，以追求最大的就業(yè)、穩(wěn)定的價(jià)格和適度的長期利率。銀行監(jiān)管涉及對(duì)銀行機(jī)構(gòu)的監(jiān)督、檢查和審查，以評(píng)估其狀況及其遵守相關(guān)法律法規(guī)的情況。公開市場操作是在中央銀行的倡議下進(jìn)行的，中央銀行完全控制其交易量。公開市場操作靈活、精確，可以快速實(shí)施。再貸款是指中央銀行向商業(yè)銀行發(fā)放的貸款。再貸款是央行的主要資產(chǎn)業(yè)務(wù)之一。它充分體現(xiàn)了中央銀行作為“最后貸款人”的職能。SectionBSomeMajorCentralBanksExercisesI.中國人民銀行在國務(wù)院領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，制定和實(shí)施貨幣政策，防范和化解金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，維護(hù)金融穩(wěn)定。美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)是美國的中央銀行。它的主要責(zé)任是提升金融部門的條件，以利于實(shí)現(xiàn)充分就業(yè)和以穩(wěn)定的價(jià)格實(shí)現(xiàn)平衡經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的基本目標(biāo)。歐洲央行在銀行監(jiān)管、貨幣、統(tǒng)計(jì)、宏觀審慎政策和金融穩(wěn)定以及國際和歐洲合作等領(lǐng)域執(zhí)行具體任務(wù)。II．TheaimofmonetarypoliciesofthePBCshallbetomaintainthestabilityofthevalueofthecurrencyandpromoteeconomicgrowth.BecauseopenmarketoperationsarethemostimportantpolicytoolthattheFedhasforcontrollingthemoneysupply,theFOMCisnecessarilythefocalpointforpolicymakingintheFederalReserveSystem.Toadopttheeuro,countriesneedtofulfillcertaineconomiccriteria,namely,ahighdegreeofpricestability,asoundfiscalsituation,stableexchangeratesandconvergedlong-terminterestrates.Unit3CommercialBanksSectionAOverviewofCommercialBanksExercisesI.Interchangeability creditcreation savingsaccumulation collectionserviceinternationaltradesettlement stateownedcommercialbank corporatebankingpersonalbanking subsidiary brandimageII.商業(yè)銀行還通過保持貨幣和銀行存款的可互換性，并通過提供最快速、高效的貨幣支付機(jī)制，為貨幣供應(yīng)提供靈活性和流動(dòng)性。51SectionBPersonalBankingExercisesI.demandsavingsdeposit timedepositoflump-sumdepositandwithdrawaltimedepositofsmallsavingsforlump-sumwithdrawaltimedepositofprincipalreceivingandinterestwithdrawaltimeordemandoptionaldeposit depositslip certificateofdepositpassbook password lossreporting educationloanII.活期儲(chǔ)蓄存款是一種對(duì)到期日、存取款時(shí)間和金額沒有限制的存款方式。這是銀行最基本、最常規(guī)的存款方式。申請(qǐng)正式掛失時(shí)，應(yīng)提供客戶名稱、開戶時(shí)間、交易類型、金額、賬號(hào)、開戶時(shí)預(yù)留地址、電話等賬戶信息。個(gè)人汽車貸款面向具有完全民事行為能力、持有有效個(gè)人身份證件、具有完全合法還本付息能力、資信良好的自然人。50%。申請(qǐng)人必須滿足相關(guān)學(xué)校獲得國家教育貸款的條件。目前，留學(xué)貸款僅限于商業(yè)貸款。III．TheminimumamountfortimedepositoflumpsumdepositandwithdrawalissetatRMB￥50.00,withoutanyupperlimit.Thematuritiesrangefromthreemonths,halfayear,oneyear,twoyearsandthreetofiveyears.Thistypeofdeposithasthecharacteristicsoflongtermandhighinterestrate.Thetermofpersonalcarloanshouldbenolongerthan5yearsandnolongerthan3yearsforsecondhandcarloan.Thelengthofmaturityofaneducationalloanisusuallyonetosixyears,maximumnotexceedingtenyearsinclusive.Thespecificlengthofmaturitydependsonthestudyconditionsoftheborrowerandthenatureofguarantee.SectionCCorporateBankingExercisesI.syndicatedloan leadbank exporterbuyer’scredit exportsupplier’screditmechanicalandelectricalproducts completeequipment workingcapitalloanguaranteedloan financialstatements businesslicense charterofthecompanymanagementfee commitmentfee internationalcommonpractice legalpersonII.銀團(tuán)貸款業(yè)務(wù)主要涉及安排行、牽頭行、經(jīng)理行、參與行、代理行、協(xié)調(diào)行等成員，他們將根據(jù)合同或各自的貸款比例履行職責(zé)、享有權(quán)利并承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。一般來說，人民幣流動(dòng)資金貸款按貸款支持方式可分為擔(dān)保貸款和信用貸款，其中擔(dān)保貸款的擔(dān)保方式有保證、抵押或質(zhì)押。III．Duringimplementationoftheloans,theborrowerdoesnotneedtofaceallmembersofthesyndicate,andrelevantwithdrawal,repaymentofprincipalwithinterestandothermanagementworkrelatedtotheloansshallbefulfilledbytheagencybank.capitalloanisakindofloanusedtomeettheshort-termdemandsofcustomersinthecourseofproductionandoperation.SectionDBankriskmanagementExercisesI.systematicmarketrisk operationalrisk assetliabilitymanagement riskpremiumportfoliorisk riskexposure loanpricing borrowingliquidity AssetSecuritizationII.信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是指資產(chǎn)或貸款在完全違約的情況下無法收回的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，或貸款服務(wù)出現(xiàn)意外延遲的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。外匯或貨幣風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是銀行面臨的主要市場風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之一。如果匯率靈活，任何給定貨幣的凈空頭或多頭頭寸都將使銀行面臨貨幣風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。III.Forbanks,profitabilityisgoingtodependonthemanagementofrisks,andriskmanagementistheircorebusiness.Riskmanagementinvolvesidentificationofthekeyfinancialrisks,decidingwhereriskexposureshouldbeincreasedorreduced,andfindingmethodsformonitoringandmanagingtheriskpositioninrealtime.Unit4InvestmentBanksSectionAOverviewofInvestmentbanksExercisesI．風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本通常為最近成立并快速增長，但規(guī)模尚不足以進(jìn)入公共股票市場的公司提供資本和戰(zhàn)略指導(dǎo)。資產(chǎn)證券化是出售由金融資產(chǎn)池現(xiàn)金流支持的證券，它徹底改變了企業(yè)的融資方式。II.Mostinvestmentbanksearnasignificantproportionofrevenuefromtradingandinvestment.Outstandingplayersintradingincludemanyofthebestknowninvestmentbankinghousesandhedgefunds.Moneymanagementisanimportantsegmentofthecapitalmarketsandisbecominganintegralpartoftheinvestmentbankingbusiness.SectionBSecuritiesExercisesI.tradingatdiscount tradingatpremium bluechipstock preferredsharescommonshares incomeshares growthshares pennystockII.,這是基于政府擁有征稅權(quán)的原則。1美元。它們是由投機(jī)企業(yè)提供的，可以在一夜之間興衰。它們風(fēng)險(xiǎn)很大，只能用你能承受損失的資金來購買。III．Theparvalueisnotthepriceofthedebtinstruments.Itspricefluctuatesthroughoutitslifeinresponsetoanumberofvariablessuchasgeneraleconomicconditionsandthefinancialhealthoftheissuer.Preferredsharesaresomewhatlikebonds.Theygenerallyentitletheholdertoreceivefixedquarterlypaymentscalleddividendssoinvestorsbuythemtoproducefixedincome.SectionCStockMarketExercisesI.交易所交易貨幣市場基金是指符合交易所規(guī)定的上市條件，在交易所交易系統(tǒng)以競價(jià)方式進(jìn)行交易，并以基金凈值認(rèn)購或贖回的貨幣市場基金，基金份額總額不固定且持續(xù)。企業(yè)債券是指企業(yè)按照《企業(yè)債券管理?xiàng)l例》的法定程序發(fā)行并同意在規(guī)定期限內(nèi)還本付息的證券。II．Treasurybonds,akindofgovernmentbondsissuedforraisingfinancialfunds,arethecertificatesforclaimsanddebtsissuedtoinvestorsbythecentralgovernment.Holdersofpreferredshareshavelimitedvotingrights.Exceptinspecialconditions,holdersofpreferredsharescannotattendshareholders’meetingsandtheirshareshavenovotingpower.SectionDSecuritiesRegulationExercisesI．中國證監(jiān)會(huì)對(duì)境內(nèi)證券期貨監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)行垂直管理，對(duì)證券期貨市場進(jìn)行統(tǒng)一監(jiān)管。投資管理司的重點(diǎn)是確保有關(guān)這些投資的披露對(duì)零售客戶有用，并且確保消費(fèi)者必須承擔(dān)的監(jiān)管成本不會(huì)過高。II．TheCSRCshallberesponsibleforsupervisingthesecuritiesmarketbehaviorsoflistedcompaniesandtheirshareholders;Supervisethelisting,tradingandsettlementofdomesticcontractfutures;Supervisethestockandfuturesexchangesandtheirseniormanagersinaccordancewithrelevantprovisions.ThemissionoftheU.S.SecuritiesandExchangeCommissionistoprotectinvestors,maintainfair,orderly,andefficientmarkets.Unit5InsuranceSectionAOverviewofInsuranceExercisesI．Insurer insured premium beneficiary policyclaim insurableinterest Insurancebroker insuranceagentprobabilityofloss principalofutmostgoodfaithII.保險(xiǎn)是保險(xiǎn)公司與購買保險(xiǎn)的個(gè)人（或組織）之間簽訂的正式的、具有法律約束力的合同。只有當(dāng)被保險(xiǎn)人在保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的物中擁有利益，并且這種利益實(shí)際上是可保險(xiǎn)的，保險(xiǎn)合同如果保險(xiǎn)代理人是獨(dú)立經(jīng)紀(jì)人，他或她將向多家保險(xiǎn)公司發(fā)送建議書，以獲得最低價(jià)。如果該代表為某一特定公司的代理人工作，他或她將向該公司的承銷部門提交該提案。III．Whentheeventcoveredbyinsurancepolicyhasoccurred,thepolicyholderorbeneficiaryshouldnotifytheinsurancecompany.Ifthelikelihoodofaninsuredeventissohigh,orthecostoftheeventsolarge,thattheresultingpremiumislargerelativetotheamountofprotectionoffered,itisnotlikelythatanyonewillbuyinsurance,evenifonTheprincipleofinsurableinterestisthemostimportantlegalprincipletoprotecttheprincipleofindemnity.Thedoctrineofinsurableinterestwasdevelopedasameansofensuringthattheinsurancecontractwouldnotbeusedforwageringpurposesandalsotomitigatethemoralhazard.SectionBTypesofInsuranceExercisesI.責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)是一個(gè)非常廣泛的超集，涵蓋了對(duì)被保險(xiǎn)人的法律索賠。指被保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)他人的人身或財(cái)產(chǎn)造成損害時(shí)支付的款項(xiàng)。房屋保險(xiǎn)為災(zāi)難造成的房屋損壞或毀壞提供賠償。在某些地理區(qū)域，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)保險(xiǎn)不包括某些類型的災(zāi)害，例如需要額外保險(xiǎn)的洪水和地震。只要投保人活著，終身保單就提供保護(hù)，并繼續(xù)及時(shí)支付保費(fèi)。這種保險(xiǎn)不僅提供死亡（保護(hù)II.Insuranceisaformofcontractbetweenaninsuredandinsurertoprotecttheinsuredfromfinanciallossesincaseofrisks.Theinsuredusuallypayspremiumstotheinsurer.Creditinsurancerepayssomeorallofaloanwhencertainthingshappentotheborrowersuchasunemployment,disability,ordeath.Therearemanytypesoflifeinsuranceavailabletodayandchoosingonecanbechallenging.Itisessentialtoevaluatethebenefitsthatcanbeattainedfromeachcover.Therearevariousfeaturesandfactorstoconsiderwhenmakingadecisionwithregardtothistypeofinsurance.Unit6DerivativesSectionAOverviewofDerivativesExercisesI.derivative underlying leverage speculation hedgefuture option forward swapII.衍生工具是一種金融合同,的價(jià)格變動(dòng)有關(guān)。金融衍生品交易通常只需要少量保證金即可簽訂大額遠(yuǎn)期合約或互換不同的金融工具。金融衍生品的杠桿效應(yīng)在一定程度上決定了其高投機(jī)性和高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性。II．Exchange-tradedderivativesaretradedonthefloorsoforganizedsecuritiesexchangesandusuallyrequireagoodfaithormargindepositwhenbuyingorsellingacontract.Contrarytohedging,thepurposeofspeculationistotakealittlemorerisktoobtainhighreturns.Speculatorsgainhighspeculativeprofitsbyassumingtheriskstransferredbyhedgers.SectionBOptionsExercisesI.買權(quán)（看漲期權(quán)）賣權(quán)（看跌期權(quán)）期權(quán)費(fèi) 行權(quán)通知 價(jià)內(nèi) 價(jià)外 平價(jià)到期日 美式期權(quán) 歐式期權(quán) 沉沒成本II．Anoptiongivesthebuyertherighttobuyorsellastandardquantityofaspecificfinancialinstrumentataspecificpriceonorbeforeaspecificfuturedate.Thegreatestcharmofoptionisthatitcanmakethebuyerofoptionlocktheriskinacertainrange,sothatthetransfereeofrightscanexercisehisrightsintheprescribedtime,andtheobligormustfulfillhisrights.SectionCFuturesandForwardsExercisesI.上海期貨交易所 利率期貨 商品期貨 持倉保證金 交割 價(jià)格發(fā)現(xiàn)II.Metalfutures energyfutures financialfutures stockindexfuturesInitialmargin forwardcontractsUnit7ForeignExchangeMarketSectionAForeignExchangeandExchangeRatesExercisesI.Foreignexchange foreignexchangerate convertibleexchange spotexchangefinancialexchange directquotation indirectquotation fixedexchangeratemanagedfloatingexchangerate exchangestabilizationfundcurrencyboardsystem basketofcurrenciesII.可自由兌換外匯是指未經(jīng)外匯管理部門批準(zhǔn)，可以自由兌換成其他貨幣或支付給第三方的外幣?？勺杂蓛稉Q外匯是國際結(jié)算中使用最多的，可以在國際金融市場上自由交易和出售，可以用來償還國際金融中的債權(quán)債務(wù)。從長遠(yuǎn)來看，一國價(jià)格水平的上升（相對(duì)于外國價(jià)格水平）會(huì)導(dǎo)致其貨幣貶值，而該國相對(duì)價(jià)格水平的下降會(huì)導(dǎo)致其貨幣升值。浮動(dòng)匯率制度是沒有政府或中央銀行干預(yù)的最簡單的制度。外匯現(xiàn)貨價(jià)格是由市場驅(qū)動(dòng)的，由私人對(duì)該貨幣的需求和供給的相互作用決定。III．Foreignexchangecanpromotethedevelopmentofinternationaleconomyandtrade,andadjuststheinternationalfundsurplusandshortage.Asanimportantpartofacountry’sinternationalreserves,itisalsothemainmeansofpaymentforthesettlementofinternationaldebt.Exchangeratesareimportantbecausetheyaffecttherelativepriceofdomesticandforeigngoods.Whenacountry’scurrencyappreciates,thecountry’sgoodsabroadbecomemoreexpensiveandforeigngoodsinthatcountrybecomecheaper.Conversely,whenacountry’scurrencydepreciates,itsgoodsabroadbecomecheaperandforeigngoodsinthatcountrybecomemoreexpensive.Thecurrentinternationalmonetarysystemishybrid,withmanagedfloatingformajorcurrencies,freefloatingforsomecurrenciesandvarioustypesofpeggedexchangeratesystemsforothercurrencies.SectionBForeignexchangeservicesofcommercialbanksExercisesI.currencyconversion exchangememo traveler’scheckindividualforeignexchangepurchasing foreignexchangedealingradicalfluctuation technicalanalysis self-servicedealingrealtimedealing whitecollarinvestorII.旅行支票因意外遺失或被盜，可以辦理掛失、理賠和緊急賠償；如果發(fā)生意外情況，您可以申請(qǐng)旅行支票簽發(fā)人提供的緊急救援服務(wù)。個(gè)人外匯交易是指個(gè)人在銀行規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)，通過柜臺(tái)服務(wù)人員或通過電子銀行服務(wù)方式進(jìn)行的實(shí)盤外匯交易。在柜臺(tái)交易中，可以在人性化的氛圍中感受到良好的服務(wù)。它特別適合剛剛開始進(jìn)行個(gè)人賬戶外匯交易的投資者。III．thetraveler’schequeispermanentlyvalidwithoutexpiringdate.Ifoncepurchasingisnotusedup,theremainingcanbeusedwhendepartingthecountrynexttime.Whenpurchasingtraveler'scheque,travelerscanchoosedifferentcurrenciesaccordingtodifferentcountriesandregionsofdestinations.Thecustomersshouldgotooutletsofbankstotransactthebusinesswithvalidpersonalidentitydocumentandrelevantmaterials.ThereisanannualtotalamountmanagementfordomesticresidentstopurchaseindividualforeignexchangeswiththeamountofanequalvalueofUSD50,000perpersonperyear.Iftheamountexceedstheannualtotalforeignexchangepurchasingamount,thebankwillexamineandverifyyourtrueneedproofsinaccordancewithforeignexchangemanagementregulations.foreignexchangedealingsbytelephonecanmakepromptconclusionsandcanbeoperatedinotherplacesthantheinvestor’shomeItisparticularlysuitableforthewhite-collarinvestorswhoareoccupiedwiththeirwork.Unit8InternetFinanceSectionAOverviewofInternetFinanceExercisesI.與傳統(tǒng)金融機(jī)構(gòu)和渠道相比，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融具有應(yīng)用輕、碎片化、財(cái)務(wù)管理及時(shí)等特點(diǎn)，更受中小企業(yè)青睞，更符合中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展模式和剛性需求。在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融模式下，客戶可以突破時(shí)間和地域的限制，在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上找到自己需要的金II.Internetfinance(ITFIN)isthecombinationoftraditionalfinanceandtheInternet.ItreferstothenewfinancialbusinessmodeinwhichtraditionalfinancialinstitutionsandInternetenterprisesuseInternettechnologyandinformationandcommunicationtechnologytoachievefinancing,payment,investmentandinformationintermediaryservices.UnderthemodeofInternetfinance,bothsidesofcapitalsupplyanddemandcancompleteinformationscreening,matching,pricingandtradingbythemselvesthroughthenetworkplatform.Ontheone