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AIRCRAFTDATANETWORKPART3
INTERNET-BASEDPROTOCOLSANDSERVICES
ARINCSPECIFICATION664P3-2
PUBLISHED:February16,2009
ANDOCUMENT
PreparedbyAEECPublishedby
AERONAUTICALRADIO,INC.
2551RIVAROAD,ANNAPOLIS,MARYLAND21401-7435
DISCLAIMER
THISDOCUMENTISBASEDONMATERIALSUBMITTEDBYVARIOUSPARTICIPANTSDURINGTHEDRAFTINGPROCESS.NEITHERAEEC,AMC,FSEMCNORARINCHASMADEANYDETERMINATIONWHETHERTHESEMATERIALSCOULDBESUBJECTTOVALIDCLAIMSOFPATENT,COPYRIGHTOROTHERPROPRIETARYRIGHTSBYTHIRDPARTIES,ANDNOREPRESENTATIONORWARRANTY,EXPRESSORIMPLIED,ISMADEINTHISREGARD.
ARINCINDUSTRYACTIVITIESUSESREASONABLEEFFORTSTODEVELOPANDMAINTAINTHESEDOCUMENTS.HOWEVER,NOCERTIFICATIONORWARRANTYISMADEASTOTHETECHNICALACCURACYORSUFFICIENCYOFTHEDOCUMENTS,THEADEQUACY,MERCHANTABILITY,FITNESSFORINTENDEDPURPOSEORSAFETYOFANYPRODUCTS,COMPONENTS,ORSYSTEMSDESIGNED,TESTED,RATED,INSTALLEDOROPERATEDINACCORDANCEWITHANYASPECTOFTHISDOCUMENTORTHEABSENCEOFRISKORHAZARDASSOCIATEDWITHSUCHPRODUCTS,COMPONENTS,ORSYSTEMS.THEUSEROFTHISDOCUMENTACKNOWLEDGESTHATITSHALLBESOLELYRESPONSIBLEFORANYLOSS,CLAIMORDAMAGETHATITMAYINCURINCONNECTIONWITHITSUSEOFORRELIANCEONTHISDOCUMENT,ANDSHALLHOLDARINC,AEEC,AMC,FSEMCANDANYPARTYTHATPARTICIPATEDINTHEDRAFTINGOFTHEDOCUMENTHARMLESSAGAINSTANYCLAIMARISINGFROMITSUSEOFTHESTANDARD.
THEUSEINTHISDOCUMENTOFANYTERM,SUCHASSHALLORMUST,ISNOTINTENDEDTOAFFECTTHESTATUSOFTHISDOCUMENTASAVOLUNTARYSTANDARDORINANYWAYTOMODIFYTHEABOVEDISCLAIMER.NOTHINGHEREINSHALLBEDEEMEDTOREQUIREANYPROVIDEROFEQUIPMENTTOINCORPORATEANYELEMENTOFTHISSTANDARDINITSPRODUCT.HOWEVER,VENDORSWHICHREPRESENTTHATTHEIRPRODUCTSARECOMPLIANTWITHTHISSTANDARDSHALLBEDEEMEDALSOTOHAVEREPRESENTEDTHATTHEIRPRODUCTSCONTAINORCONFORMTOTHEFEATURESTHATAREDESCRIBEDASMUSTORSHALLINTHESTANDARD.
ANYUSEOFORRELIANCEONTHISDOCUMENTSHALLCONSTITUTEANACCEPTANCETHEREOF“ASIS”ANDBESUBJECTTOTHISDISCLAIMER.
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?2009BYAERONAUTICALRADIO,INC.
2551RIVAROADANNAPOLIS,MARYLAND
21401-7435USA
ARINCSPECIFICATION664P3-2
AIRCRAFTDATANETWORKPART3
INTERNET-BASEDPROTOCOLSANDSERVICES
Published:February16,2009
PreparedbytheAEEC
Specification664P3
AdoptedbytheAEECExecutiveCommittee
October24,2001
SummaryofDocumentSupplements
Supplement
AdoptionDate
Published
Specification664P3-1
July15,2004
December22,2004
Specification664P3-2
April15,2008
February16,2009
AdescriptionofthechangesintroducedbyeachsupplementisincludedonGoldenrodpaperattheendofthisdocument.
FOREWORD
AeronauticalRadio,Inc.,theAEEC,andARINCStandards
ARINCorganizesaviationindustrycommitteesandparticipatesinrelatedindustryactivitiesthatbenefitaviationatlargebyprovidingtechnicalleadershipandguidance.Theseactivitiesdirectlysupportaviationindustrygoals:promotesafety,efficiency,regularity,andcost-effectivenessinaircraftoperations.
ARINCIndustryActivitiesorganizesandprovidesthesecretariatforinternationalaviationorganizations(AEEC,AMC,FSEMC)whichcoordinatetheworkofaviationindustrytechnicalprofessionalsandleadthedevelopmentoftechnicalstandardsforairborneelectronicequipment,aircraftmaintenanceequipmentandpracticesandflightsimulatorequipmentandusedincommercial,military,andbusinessaviation.TheAEEC,AMC,andFSEMCdevelopconsensus-based,voluntarystandardsthatarepublishedbyARINCandareknownasARINCStandards.TheuseofARINCStandardsresultsinsubstantialbenefitstotheaviationindustrybyallowingavionicsinterchangeabilityandcommonalityandreducingavionicscostbypromotingcompetition.
TherearethreeclassesofARINCStandards:
ARINCCharacteristics–Definetheform,fit,function,andinterfacesofavionicsandotherairlineelectronicequipment.ARINCCharacteristicsindicatetoprospectivemanufacturersofairlineelectronicequipmenttheconsideredandcoordinatedopinionoftheairlinetechnicalcommunityconcerningtherequisitesofnewequipmentincludingstandardizedphysicalandelectricalcharacteristicstofosterinterchangeabilityandcompetition.
ARINCSpecifications–Areprincipallyusedtodefineeitherthephysicalpackagingormountingofavionicsequipment,datacommunicationstandards,orahigh-levelcomputerlanguage.
ARINCReports–Provideguidelinesorgeneralinformationfoundbytheairlinestobegoodpractices,oftenrelatedtoavionicsmaintenanceandsupport.
ThereleaseofanARINCStandarddoesnotobligateanyorganizationorARINCtopurchaseequipmentsodescribed,nordoesitestablishorindicaterecognitionortheexistenceofanoperationalrequirementforsuchequipment,nordoesitconstituteendorsementofanymanufacturer’sproductdesignedorbuilttomeettheARINCStandard.
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InordertofacilitatethecontinuousproductimprovementofthisARINCStandard,twoitemsareincludedinthebackofthisvolume:
AnErrataReportsolicitsanycorrectionstothetextordiagramsinthisARINCStandard.
AnARINCIAProjectInitiation/Modification(APIM)formsolicitsanyrecommendationsforadditionofsubstantivematerialtothisvolumewhichwouldbethesubjectofanewSupplement.
ii
ARINCSPECIFICATION664P3TABLEOFCONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 1
PurposeofDocument 1
Scope 1
DocumentOrganization 2
AircraftDataNetwork 2
Internet-BasedProtocolsandServices 3
RelatedDocuments 3
RelationshipofthisDocumenttoOtherARINCStandards 3
RelationshiptoIndustryStandards 4
RTCAandEUROCAEDocuments 5
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IEEEandANSIDocuments 5
ISOandIECDocuments 5
DocumentPrecedence 5
RegulatoryApproval 6
INTERNET-BASEDSERVICES 7
Introduction 7
InteroperabilityIssues 7
ServicestoProtocolsMapping 8
PhysicalandDataLinkLayer 9
Broadcast 9
Multicast 9
NetworkLayer 10
DataTransport 10
MapIPAddresstoIEEE802.3MAC 10
MapHostNametoIPAddress 11
NetworkDiagnostics 11
NetworkConfiguration 11
Routing 12
FileTransfer 12
RemoteUserAccess 12
NetworkManagement 12
SimpleRemoteDataAccess 12
ARINC615ADataLoader 12
INTERNET-BASEDPROTOCOL 13
Introduction 13
iii
ARINCSPECIFICATION664P3TABLEOFCONTENTS
SecurityConsiderations 13
Layer7(Application)andLayer5(Session)Protocols. 14
FileTransferProtocol 14
TrivialFileTransferProtocol 14
DataLoader-TrivialFileTransferProtocol 14
Telnet 14
SecureShell 14
HypertextTransferProtocol 15
DomainNameSystem 15
SimpleNetworkManagementProtocol 15
Netconf 17
TransportLayerSecurity 18
DynamicHostConfigurationProtocol 18
Layer4(Transport)Protocols 18
TransmissionControlProtocol 19
UserDatagramProtocol 23
IP-RouterRequirements 25
Layer3(Network)Protocols 25
InternetProtocolVersion4(IPv4) 25
TimetoLive 30
MaximumTransmissionUnit 30
MeetGatewaySpecificationsifForwardingDatagrams 30
InternetGroupManagementProtocol 30
InternetControlMessageProtocol 31
InternetProtocolVersion6(IPv6) 31
IPv6InteroperabilitywithIPv4 33
SecurityArchitecturefortheInternetProtocol 33
Layer2(LinkLayer)Protocols 50
AddressResolutionProtocol 51
ReserveAddressResolutionProtocol 51
ATTACHMENTS
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ExampleofanARINC664CompliantNetworkUsingIPv4ServicesImplementationConformanceStatement(SICS) 52
ExampleofanARINC664CompliantNetworkProtocolImplementationConformanceStatement(PICS) 53
iv
ARINCSPECIFICATION664P3TABLEOFCONTENTS
ExampleofanARINC664CompliantNetworkUsingIPv6ServicesImplementationConformanceStatement(SICS) 70
APPENDICES
Glossary 71
AcronymList 72
v
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ARINCSPECIFICATION664,PART3–Page1
INTRODUCTION
PurposeofDocument
Scope
ThisdocumentspecifiesaprofileofInternetEngineeringTaskForce(IETF)standardprotocolsandservicesforuseonboardaircraft.ItistheintentofthisspecificationtodefinethefunctionalityofstandardInternetprotocolsandservicesinamannerthatallowsinteroperabilityofcomponentsconnectedtoonboarddatanetworkswhilesimultaneouslybeingtotallyindependentoffunctionality.Notallfunctionsofa“standard”CommercialOfftheShelf(COTS)implementationmaybeuseful,orappropriate,forallonboardnetworks.However,byimplementinga“propersubset”ofInternetstandardsthegoalofmaximuminteroperabilitybalancedwithcostofimplementationandcertificationcanbeachieved.
ThisspecificationisbasedonIETFRequestforComments(RFC).ApplicableRFCsusedinthisspecificationarelistedinSection1.4.Exceptwherenecessary,informationalreadycontainedinanyRFCisnotduplicatedwithinthisspecification,anditisrecommendedthatthereaderobtainacopyoftheapplicableRFCwhennecessary.
Thisspecificationdefinesthebroadcharacteristicsoftwotypesofnetworks:
CompliantAircraftDataNetwork,referredtoasCompliantNetwork.
ProfiledAircraftDataNetwork,referredtoasProfiledNetwork.
Insummary,aCompliantAircraftDataNetworkoperatesfullywithintheapplicableInternetspecificationsasdefinedintherelevantIETFRFCs.AProfiledAircraftDataNetworkisoneinwhichoneormoreindustrystandardprotocolshavebeenextendedtoaddressuniqueproblemsoftheavionicsindustry.
InteroperabilitybetweenaCompliantNetworkandaProfiledNetwork,orbetweenProfiledNetworksystemswithdifferentcharacteristics,isnotassuredwithouttheuseofanintermediatesystem,suchasarouterorgateway.Inaddition,aProfiledNetworkmayprovidesomecharacteristicstypicalofaCompliantNetworktoaUserApplication(UA);butthefundamentalorunderlyingbehaviorofthenetworkmaynotbeidentical.
COMMENTARY
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Forexample,aUAneednotknowthenumericaladdressofatargetfunction,ratherthenameofthetargetfunctioncanbesent“down”intotheprotocolstackwhereitisresolvedintotheappropriatesetofnumericaladdresses.InaCompliantNetwork,thisresolutiontakesplacethroughtheuseofinternallook-uptablesandthroughdomainnameservers(DNS)onthenetworkiftheinformationisnotfoundinthelook-uptables.InaProfiledNetworkwhereresolutionisperformedthroughtheuseofonlystatictables,makingaDNSunnecessary.Thatis,ifthetargetnameisnotfoundinthepre-configuredtables,thenthedatacannotbesent.Directlyinterconnectingthesetwodevicesonthesamenetworkshouldnotresultintheabilitytoexchangedatauntilthenetworkadministratorappropriatelyconfiguresbothdevices.BothCompliantandProfiledNetworksprovidethesameservicetotheUA.However,the
ARINCSPECIFICATION664,PART3–Page2
INTRODUCTION
implementationisdifferentandhastobeaccommodatedbeforetheycaninteroperate.
ThisspecificationprovidesafunctionsimilartoRFC-1122,thatis,aspecificationthatisintendedtosupportandfacilitateinteroperabilityofend-systemsconnectedbystandardInternetbasedprotocols.
CompliantAircraftDataNetworksshouldbeinfullcompliancewithIETFRFCsapplicabletotheirpurpose.Suchnetworksarenotaddressedfurtherinthisspecification.
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ProfiledAircraftDataNetworksshouldimplementatleasttheminimumsetoffeatures,services,andprotocolscontainedinthisspecification.IndividualimplementationsofsystemsandnetworksmaychoosetoincludeadditionalCompliantNetworkfunctions,services,andprotocolswhichextendthedefinitionoftheminimumsetbutwhicharenotintotalcompliancewithapplicableInternetStandardsandRFCs.Withintheconstraintsdiscussedinthisspecification,aircraftdatanetworkinstantiationsthatimplementthedefinedminimumsetoffeatures,services,andprotocolscontainedinthisspecificationshouldinteroperatewithintheconstraintsdefinedinthisspecification.Whenproperlyconfigured,aminimumaircraftdatanetworkshouldinteroperatewithsystemsthatcontainadditionalfeaturesorcharacteristics.However,thebehavioroftheminimumnetworksmaycauseproblemswiththe“extended”networks,iftheextendedorCompliantNetworkcannotaccommodatetherestrictedsetoffunctions,services,andprotocolsimplementedintheminimumsystem.
DocumentOrganization
AircraftDataNetwork
TheAircraftDataNetworkspecificationconsistsofmultipleparts,eachpartspecifyingdifferentlayersoftheOpenSystemInterconnectReferenceModel(OSIRM)orotherinterfacestotheaircraftdatanetwork.Thepartsofthisspecificationarelistedasfollows:
Part1-SystemsConceptsandOverview
Part2-EthernetPhysicalandDataLinkLayerSpecification
Part3-Internet-BasedProtocolsandServices
Part4-Internet-BasedAddressStructureandAssignedNumbers
Part5-NetworkDomainCharacteristicsandFunctionalElements
Part6-Reserved
Part7-AvionicsFull-DuplexSwitched(AFDX)EthernetNetwork
Part8-InteroperationwithNon-IPProtocolsandServices
Systemconsiderationsandothercommunicationnetworktopicsarespecifiedinotherparts.Eachpartisindependentandshouldevolveonitsowntimeline.
ARINCSPECIFICATION664,PART3–Page3
INTRODUCTION
Internet-BasedProtocolsandServices
Thisspecificationisorganizedasfollows:
Chapter1.0,Introduction,providesanintroductiontothisspecification.
Chapter2.0,Internet-basedServices,providesadescriptionofInternet-basedservicesandtheirapplicationtoaProfiledNetwork.
Chapter3.0,Internet-basedProtocols,providesadescriptionofInterned-basedprotocolsandtheirapplicationtoaProfiledNetwork.
Attachment1providesaServicesImplementationConformanceStatement(SICS)asanindependenttemplateforasystemintegratortousetodocumentcompliancewiththeservicesthattheirequipmentsupportsandtheprotocol(s)usedtosupportthoseservices.
Attachment2providesaProtocolImplementationConformanceStatement(PICS)asanindependenttemplateforasystemsintegratortousetodocumentcompliancewiththeprovisionsofthisspecificationforaProfiledNetwork.
ThisspecificationassumestheorganizationillustratedinFigure1.3.2.
NETWORKLAYERN
USER
NETWORKLAYERN-1
NETWORKLAYERN
USER
NETWORKLAYERN-1
PROTOCOLS
SERVICES SERVICES
PROTOCOLS
SERVICES SERVICES
PROTOCOLS
Figure1.3.2–RelationshipbetweenProtocolsandServices
Servicesareusedtoprovideinformationandcontrolbetweendifferentlocalentities.Protocolsareusedtoexchangeinformationandcontrolbetweendifferentremotepeerentities.
RelatedDocuments
RelationshipofthisDocumenttoOtherARINCStandards
OtherARINCdocumentsthatarerelatedtothisspecificationarelistedbelow.Whenavionicssystemsandsubsystemsaredesignedtousethecapabilitiesprovidedbythisspecification,theyshouldincorporatetheprovisionsofthisspecificationbyreference.Referencestothisspecificationshouldassumetheapplicationofthemostrecentversion.
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ARINCSPECIFICATION664,PART3–Page4
INTRODUCTION
ARINCSpecification615A:SoftwareDataLoaderUsingEthernetInterface
ARINCSpecification646:EthernetLocalAreaNetwork(ELAN)
ARINCSpecification656:AvionicsInterfaceDefinitionforFlightManagementandCommunicationManagementFunctions.
ARINCCharacteristic763:NetworkServerSystem
RelationshiptoIndustryStandards
ThisspecificationfocusesontheprotocolsandservicesprovidedbytheOpenSystemInterconnectReferenceModel(OSIRM)inLayers3(IP)and4(TransmissionControlProtocol/UserDatagramProtocol(TCP/UDP))aswellassupportingservicesandprotocolsassociatedwiththeselayers.AdditionalinformationontheOSIRMisprovidedinARINCSpecification664,Part1.
Table1.4.2identifiesreferencedRFCsinthisspecification,unlessotherwisenoted:
Table1.4.2–ReferencedRFCs
RFCNo.
RFCTitle
RFC-768
UserDatagramProtocol
RFC-792
InternetControlMessageProtocol
RFC-793
TransmissionControlProtocol
RFC-826
AnEthernetAddressResolutionProtocol
RFC-854
TelnetProtocolSpecificationSeealsoRFC-855,RFC-856,RFC-857,RFC-858,RFC-859,RFC-860,RFC-861
RFC-903
AReverseAddressResolutionProtocol
RFC-950
InternetStandardSubnettingProcedure
RFC-951
BootstrapProtocol(BOOTP)
RFC-959
FileTransferProtocol(FTP)
RFC-1034
DomainNames-ConceptsandFacilities
RFC-1035
DomainNames-ImplementationandSpecification
RFC-1042
AStandardfortheTransmissionofIPDatagramsoverIEEE802NetworksSeealsoRFC-894
RFC-1112
HostExtensionsforIPMulticasting
RFC-1122
RequirementsforInternetHosts--CommunicationLayers
RFC-1155
StructureandIdentificationofManagementInformationforTCP/IP-basedInternets
RFC-1157
ASimpleNetworkManagementProtocol(SNMP)
RFC-1212
ConciseMIBDefinitions
RFC-1213
ManagementInformationBaseforNetworkManagementofTCP/IP-basedinternets:MIB-II
RFC-1215
AConventionforDefiningTrapsforusewiththeSNMP
RFC-1350
TheTFTPProtocol(Revision2)SeealsoRFC-2347,RFC-2348,RFC-2349
RFC-1908
CoexistencebetweenVersion1andVersion2oftheInternet-standardNetworkManagementFramework
RFC-1983
InternetUsers'Glossary
RFC-2131
DynamicHostControlProtocol–SeealsoRFC-2132
RFC-2236
InternetGroupManagementProtocol,Version2
RFC-2246
TheTLSProtocol
RFC-2616
HypertextTransferProtocol--HTTP/1.1
RFC-4741
NETCONFConfigurationProtocol
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ARINCSPECIFICATION664,PART3–Page5
INTRODUCTION
AlthoughRFC-1983,InternetGlossary,isnotanormativestandard,itprovidesadefinitionoftermsusedintheRFCsandisaveryusefulreference.
RFCsareinthepublicdomainandareavailableontheInternetatthefollowingURL:
RTCAandEUROCAEDocuments
ThefollowingRTCAandEUROCAEdocumentspertaintothisspecification:
RTCA,DO-178B,SoftwareGuidelines
IEEEandANSIDocuments
IEEEdevelopsstandardsforanumberofcommercialindustries,includingthecomputerandtelecommunicationsindustries.SomeofthesestandardsaresharedwithAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute(ANSI).Onoccasion,thesestandardsareendorsedasinternationalstandardsundertheISOandInternationalElectrotechnicalCommittee(IEC)standardizationprogram.ThefollowinglistofIEEEandANSIdocumentspertaintothisspecification:
IEEEStd802.3,2000Edition,InformationTechnology-Telecommunicationsandinformationexchangebetweensystems-LocalandMetropolitanareanetworks-SpecificRequirements-Part3:CarrierSenseMultipleAccesswithCollisionDetection(CSMA/CD)AccessMethodandPhysicalLayerSpecifications
IEEEStd802.2,1998Release,alsoANSIStd802.2,Release1998,InformationTechnology-Telecommunicationsandinformationexchangebetweensystems-LocalandMetropolitanareanetworks-SpecificRequirements-Part2:LogicalLinkControl
IEEEStd802,Release1990,IEEEStandardsforLocalandMetropolitanAreaNetworks:OverviewandArchitecture
IEEEStandard802.3,2000Edition,isconsideredanintegralpartofthisspecificationandisconsideredrequiredreading.Inthisdocument,whenreferencingthisstandard,thetitleisshortenedtosimply“IEEE802.3.”AccesstoIEEE802.3maybeobtainedthroughtheInternetatthefollowingURL:
ANSIX3.263,1995Edition,isanintegralpartofIEEE802.3;itspecifiesthe100BASE-TXPMDandchannelperformancerequirements.Itshouldalsobeconsideredrequiredreading.Inthisdocument,whenreferencingthisstandard,thetitleisshortenedtosimply“ANSIX3.263.”
ISOandIECDocuments
NoISOorIECdocumentsarespecificallyreferencedwithinthisspecification.
DocumentPrecedence
ThisspecificationisbasedontheIETFRFCs.ThephilosophybehindthedevelopmentofthisspecificationistomakechangestotheprovisionsofIETFRFCsonlywhentheaeronauticalenvironmentoruser/regulatoryrequirementconflictswiththerequirementofIETFRFCs,orwhenitisnecessarytoremoveambiguitybyrestrictingtheoptionsavailabletoimplementers.Thecontentsofthisspecification
ARINCSPECIFICATION664,PART3–Page6
INTRODUCTION
arelimitedtodescribingthesechangesandoptionrestrictions.IncaseofaconflictbetweenthisspecificationandtheapplicableRFCs,ISOandIEEEstandards,thisspecificationshouldhaveprecedence.
RegulatoryApproval
Implementationofthisstandardshouldmeetallapplicableregulatoryrequirements.Manufacturersareurgedtoobtainallnecessaryinformationforsuchregulatoryapproval.Thisinformationisnotcontainedinthisspecification,norisitavailablefromARINC.
ARINCSPECIFICATION664,PART3–Page7
INTERNET-BASEDSERVICES
Introduction
Thisspecificationdifferentiatesbetween“service”and“protocol.”Internet-basedservicesdescribewhatfunctionalityisprovidedbythenetwork.Internet-basedprotocolsdescribehowthatfunctionalityisimplemented.Thereisnoauthoritativelistofinternet-basedservicesbecausetheengineerswhohavecreatedtheinternetservicesandprotocolshaveconcentratedondefiningtheprotocolsandhavenotformallyspecifiedtheservicesprovidedbythoseprotocols.
Servicesdonotnecessarilyrequireanetwork-basedprotocoltoimplementthem.ThisdocumentusesthenameVirtualInternetProtocol(VIP)todenoteavirtualprotocol,i.e.anabsenceofanetwork-basedprotocol,toprovideaservice.Thereareseveralservicesthatcanbeimplementedeithervianetworkcommunicationstoaremotehostorentirelywithinthelocalhost.Aclassicexampleofthisisthe“mapahostnametoanIPaddress”(i.e.gethostbyname())servicewhichcanbeprovidedviatheDomainNameService(DNS)protocolorlocallybyastaticlookuptable.
Thissectiondescribesprofilingofthenetworkservicesbyassumingthesystemintegratorincludesorexcludesservices.Thedetailedprofilingoccursattheprotocollevelfortheprotocolswhichimplementtheselectedservices.TheprofilingofprotocolsisaddressedinChapter3.0.
InteroperabilityIssues
Interoperabilityissuesshouldbeaddressedinacasebycasemanner.Thebestwaytodiscussinteroperabilityistoexaminetheconsequenceofeachdissimilarity.
Interoperabilityissuesarecreatedbytwotypesofdissimilarities:
Existencedissimilarity:Acommunicationserviceisprovidedinonehostandnotprovidedinanotherone,ordifferentprotocolsareusedtoprovidethesameservice.
Implementationdissimilarity:Acommunicationprotocolisprovidedinadifferentmannerintwodifferenthosts.
Asanexample,fragmentationisaservicethattheIPprovides.TheSystemIntegratormaydecidenottoimplementIPfragmentationinagivendomain.Inthiscase,aninteroperabilityissuemayberaisedwhenadevicesendsfragmenteddatagramstoanotherdevice,whichisunabletoreassemblethem.Also,aninteroperabilityissuemayariseifanapplicationexpectsthatthefragmentationserviceisperformedwhenitisnot.Re-hostingasoftwareapplicationfromonedomaintoanothermightcreatethissituation.
Anotherexampleisthe“mapanIPaddresstoan803.2MACaddress”service.ThisistraditionallyaccomplishedbytheARPprotocol.However,inahighlyconstrainednetworkthatlimitsbroadcastmessages,thiswouldbedoneusingstaticlookuptablesinthehost.
SincemanyprotocolsandservicesareoptionalintheRFCs,itispossibletohaveexistencedissimilaritiesinthecommercialworld,thatis,CompliantNetworks.
Likewise,manyoftheprotocoldefinitionsinRFCscontainoptionalparts,potentiallycausingimplementationdissimilarities.InProfiledNetworks,thepotentialnumberof
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ARINCSPECIFICATION664,PART3–Page8
INTERNET-BASEDSERVICES
dissimilaritiesincreases.ItisrecognizedthattherearesetsofoptionsthatareroutinelyimplementedtoenhancetheinteroperabilityofhostsinaCompliantNetwork.Thesesetsofoptionscanbeabbreviatedtosimplifyagivenhost'ssoftware,butattheriskofcausinginteroperabilityproblems.
InCompliantNetworks,interoperabilityproblemsshouldbemanagedbythesystemintegrators.ThismanagementisexpectedtocontinueinProfiledNetworks.
Someservicesareimplementedwhileothersarenot.Bydefinition,inadomainwhereaCompliantNetworkisimplemented,thefullcompliancetoRFCsismandatedbycommonusage.Therefore,nofurtherdescriptionordiscussionofaCompliantNetworkisrequiredorprovidedinthisspecification.
InadomainwhereaProfiledNetworkistobeimplemented,thesystemintegratormayimplementaspecificserviceinawaywhichdoesnotcomplywiththeRFCs.Inthiscase,iftheimplementationofaserviceisdoneaccordingtospecialavionicsrulesdefinedbythisspecification,itshouldimplementatleasttheminimumprovisionsofthisspecification.Inotherwords,thereareonlytwowaystoimplementaservice:
InfullconformancewithRFCs,thuscreatingaCompliantAircraftDataNetwork.
Inconformancewiththisspecification,thuscreatingaProfiledAircraftDataNetwork.
ServicestoProtocolsMapping
TheservicesdiscussedinthissectionareidentifiedinTable2.3-1.Theservicesandprotocolsreferencedinthistableareprimarilyonesdiscussedinotherplacesandpartsofthisspecification.Therearemanyadditionalservicesandprotocolsthatareusefuland/orpermissible,butarenotreferencedinthetable.However,forthepurposeofdefiningaProfiledNetwork(seeARINC664,Part1,Section3.2),theprotocolsspecifiedinthetablearetheonlyonespermissibleforimplementingtheserviceslisted.
COMMENTARY
Duetothedynamicnatureofthecommercialnetworkingindustry,itislikelythatthistablewillrequirefrequentrevisiontoincludenewservice-protocolco
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