Unit3FitforlifeReading課件高中英語譯林版(2020)選擇性

牛津譯林版高中英語選擇性必修一課件Unit3FitforlifeReading33Thefutureisinourgenes制作者：桂東一中李宇平◆內(nèi)容分析【W(wǎng)hat】本板塊的話題為“基因組編輯”，語篇來自一位生物學(xué)家的講座文稿。演講者首先介紹了基因和基因組的概念和作用；然后描述了基因組編輯技術(shù)如何用以治療和預(yù)防種種疾病；隨后話鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，點(diǎn)出這一技術(shù)的不正當(dāng)使用可能引發(fā)道德等層面的問題；最后展望未來，對基因組編輯這一革命性的醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)予以肯定。【W(wǎng)hy】演講者在文中清晰而鮮明地表達(dá)了對基因組編輯技術(shù)的態(tài)度：一方面是肯定、興奮，另一方面則是嚴(yán)肅、謹(jǐn)慎。對尖端科技的解釋和展望有助于我們了解醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)步對人類生命健康和未來社會發(fā)展的重要意義和積極影響，激發(fā)創(chuàng)新精神；對這項(xiàng)技術(shù)潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的分析則提醒我們要理性思考，以嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、科學(xué)的態(tài)度辯證地看待醫(yī)學(xué)發(fā)展，學(xué)會尊重生命、尊重科學(xué)。

【How】本文的語篇類型是講座文稿。演講標(biāo)題既點(diǎn)明主旨又飽含深意；演講者由淺入深、循序漸進(jìn)地為聽眾呈現(xiàn)了生物醫(yī)學(xué)的相關(guān)知識，主題鮮明，脈絡(luò)清晰。在語言特點(diǎn)上，演講者采用了簡明通俗的語言對“基因”“基因組編輯”“設(shè)計(jì)嬰兒”等科學(xué)名詞進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的解釋，并多次采用舉例、反問、比喻等手法闡明道理，激發(fā)聽眾對話題的興趣。學(xué)習(xí)本篇有助于我們掌握演講的格式和特點(diǎn)，有意識地用英語來學(xué)習(xí)其他學(xué)科的知識。◆教學(xué)目標(biāo)Bytheendofthissection,wewillbeableto:1.discussthepossiblechangesgenomeeditingcanbringtohumanlifeandhealthcare;2.explaintheirattitudestowards“designerbabies”;3.understandtherelationshipbetweengeneticmarkersandhumanlifespans;4.usesuffixestobuildmorewordfamilies(語族).designerbabies設(shè)計(jì)嬰兒(指父母和醫(yī)生選擇基因，使嬰兒具有特定的特征）geneticmarker遺傳標(biāo)記suf·fix

/?s?f?ks/后綴

Advancesinmedicalsciencearehappeningquicklythesedays.Thelecturebelowisgivenbyabiologistaboutthenewpossibilitiesthatgeneresearchcanbring.Beforeyoureadthelecturetranscript,thinkaboutthefollowingquestions:1)Whatadvancesinmedicalsciencehaveyouheardabout?

Ihaveheardaboutthree-Dprintingthatisusedforprintingpartsofthebodytoreplacethosethatarelostorinjuredbeyondrepair.

Forexample,alegorearcanbethree-Dprintedtotheprecise

measurementsofthepatient.PrecisionmedicineisanothermedicaladvanceIknowabout.Thishealthcareapproachtakesintoconsiderationpatients’genes,lifestylesandenvironmentstofinduniqueriskfactorsanddeveloppersonalized

therapies.Bothofthesemedicaladvancesareincrediblebecausetheyaretailor-madeandthereforeprovideaccurateandeffectivetreatmentsforthepatients.meas·ure·ment

/?me??m?nt/（某物的）尺寸，長度，數(shù)量pre·ci·sion

/pr??s??n/精確；準(zhǔn)確；細(xì)致,=accuracymedicine醫(yī)療/學(xué)healthcare醫(yī)療（服務(wù)）;醫(yī)療保健2)Whatdoyouknowaboutgenes?

Iknowthatgenesarefoundinthecellsofalllivingthings.GenesareverysmallandcarrytheDNAinformationwhichdecideswhatwebecome.Alllivingorganismshavedifferentgenes;therefore,notwoindividualsare100%alike,eventhoughtheremaybesimilarities.AttheDNAlevel,notevenidenticaltwinsarethesame.Scientistsarestudyinggenestohelppreventhealthproblemsfrombeingpassedonfromparentstotheirchildren.Theyarealsotryingtofindwaystotreatdiseasesthatarecausedbybadgenes.identicaltwin同卵雙胞胎carry貼有（標(biāo)簽）；附有（信息）;支撐；承載;攜帶or·gan·ism/???ɡ?n?z?m/有機(jī)體；生物；（尤指）微生物

A.UnderstandingthetextPage32A1.Readthelecturetranscriptandcompletethechartbelowwiththemainideaofeachparagraph.lives.Genesplayacriticalroleinshapingourlives.Genomeeditingcanhelpwithdiseasetreatmentandprevention.Manypeopleareconcernedabouthowtousegenomeeditingappropriately.Despitethepublicargument,genomeeditingisoneofthegreatestinventionsinthehistoryofscience.ThefutureisinourgenesGoodafternoon,ladiesandgentlemen.Thankyouall1.___comingtothislecture.2._______thecourseofmycareer,I3._________(see)manywonderfulscientificdevelopments,4.____noneareasgame-changing5.___genomeediting.Iamfullof6.__________(excite)aboutthe7.___________(possible)thisscientificadvancecanbringandIhopetosharemyexcitement8._____youtoday.forOver/Inhaveseenbutasexcitementpossibilitieswithin/overthecourseof...:during在…期間；在…的時(shí)候game-changing

改變游戲規(guī)則的，顛覆性的,徹底改變行業(yè)面貌的，能扭轉(zhuǎn)局面的1.___manyofyoumayalreadyknow,genesplayacriticalrole2.___shapingourlives.Everything3._____thecolourofoureyestoourtalent4.____maths5.________(depend)ongenes.Thecompletesetofgenesinsideacelloralivingbeing6.________(call)agenome.Ourownpersonalgenomecarriesalltheinformation7._______(need)tomakeusgrowand8.________(develop).在座的很多人可能已經(jīng)知道，基因?qū)τ谒茉焐鹬鴽Q定性作用。從眼睛的顏色到數(shù)學(xué)天賦，一切都取決于基因。一個(gè)細(xì)胞或一個(gè)生物體內(nèi)的一套完整的基因就稱為一個(gè)基因組。每個(gè)人自己的基因組都攜帶著各自生長發(fā)育所需的全部信息。

Asinfromdependsforiscalledneededdevelopset(ofsth)一套，一副，一組（類似的東西）Italso1.________(contain)information2.__________helps3.______________(determine)ourlifespanandaffectsourchances4.___contractingcertaindiseases.Somepeople,5.____example,6._____(carry)agenethat7.______(make)them8.__________(likely)tocatchacertainvirus9.___develop10.___particularformofcancer.基因組包含的信息也有助于決定我們的壽命長短并影響我們罹患某種疾病的概率。比如，有些人攜帶的某個(gè)基因會使他們更易感染某種病毒，或是患上某種特定類型的癌癥。containsthat/which(to)

determineofforcarrymakesmorelikelyorachance

ofdoingsth/that...(尤指希望發(fā)生的事的)可能性catch得?。蝗炯睪eneticistshavebeentrying1._________(identify)whichgenesrelate2.___whichdiseases,3.___theybelievegenomeeditingis4.___effectivemeans5.___diseasetreatmentand6.__________(prevent).Itallowsgeneticists7.________(make)changes8.___thegenome9.___correcting,adding,deletingor10._________(replace)specificpartsofthe11._______(gene)material.遺傳學(xué)家相信基因組編輯是治療和預(yù)防疾病的一種有效手段，因此他們一直試圖找出哪些基因與哪些疾病有關(guān)?；蚪M編輯使得遺傳學(xué)家可以通過修正、嵌入、移除或替換基因材料的特定部分來改變基因組。gen·eti·cist

/d???net?s?st/遺傳學(xué)家toidentifytoasanofpreventiontomaketobygeneticreplacing1.___thenearfuture,geneticistshope2.________(apply)thistechnology3._______(treat)awiderangeofhealthproblems.Soonwemaybeabletousesuchtreatments4.__________(restore)ablindperson’svision5.___givesomeone6._____wasborndeaf

7.___excellentsenseofhearing.

在不久的將來，遺傳學(xué)家期待運(yùn)用這項(xiàng)技術(shù)解決多種健康問題。也許我們很快就能用這些療法幫助盲人恢復(fù)視力，或使先天性耳聾患者獲得敏銳的聽力。awide/fullrange(ofsth)一系列;各種各樣的Intoapplytotreattorestoreorwhoan1.__________(ultimate),thisnewtechnologymightevenmake2.__possible3.__________(prevent)diseases4._____ever5.__________(develop)bycorrecting6.__________(normal)genesearlyon.Genomeediting,7._______(serve)asanewweaponinthefight8._______diseases,9.________(lead)to10.__fundamentalchangeinourapproach11.___healthcare.最終，這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)甚至有可能通過及早修正異?；騺眍A(yù)防疾病?；蚪M編輯技術(shù)作為對抗疾病的一種新武器，將從根本上改變我們的醫(yī)療保健方式。earlyon在初期；在開始階段；早先Ultimately

ittoprevent

fromdevelopingabnormalservingagainstwillleadato

Asthetechnology1._________(continue)todevelop2.___afastpace,3.________,questionsariseabout4.___touseit5.____________(appropriate).Shouldwerestrictouruseofthistechnology6.___the7.__________(treat)andpreventionofdiseases?Shouldweprohibitgeneticists8._____usingit9.___________(enhance)healthybodies?然而，隨著基因組編輯不斷迅猛發(fā)展，如何恰當(dāng)?shù)乩眠@項(xiàng)技術(shù)成為了問題。我們是否應(yīng)該將其應(yīng)用限制在治療和預(yù)防疾病方面？我們是否應(yīng)該禁止遺傳學(xué)家利用它來優(yōu)化健康的身體？continuesathoweverhowappropriatelytotreatmentfromtoenhanceOnedaysoonwe1.______(be)abletousegenomeeditingtoincreasethehuman2._________(resist)tocoldsandflu,tomakepeople3._____(tall),tohelptheirmusclesdevelopfaster,to4.________(sharp)alloftheir5.______(sense)or6._______(make)them7.______________(intelligent).Wewillalsobeabletoselectspecificcharacteristicsforchildren8.______theyareborn,9.________(create)10._____somehavecalled“designerbabies”.11._______,isthisagoodthing?Whatconsequencesmightithave?sharp·en

(sth)(up)/??ɑ?p?n/（使）提高，改善,=improvewillberesistancetallersharpensensestomakemoreintelligentbeforecreatingwhatHoweverPhilosophers,geneticistsandgovernmentofficialshaveallstartedtowrestle1.____suchmoralissues.Wehavetofigure2.____how3.______(keep)thetechnologyfrom4._______(run)wild.Thismeans5._______(put)appropriatecontrols6.__place7._______(make)surethatgenomeeditingwillwork8.__ouradvantage.9.________them,genomeeditingcouldbeas10.__________(danger)asacar11.____ofcontrol.phil·oso·pher

/f??l?s?f?(r)/哲學(xué)家;深思的人；善于思考的人runwild變得荒蕪；自由生長；任其發(fā)展;恣意妄為；變得狂野be/worktoyouradvantage對…有利；轉(zhuǎn)而有利于withouttokeeprunningputtingintomaketoWithoutdangerousoutThereisstillmuch1._____________(explore)anddebatedonthesubjectofgenomeediting.2._______thepublic3._________(argue)overthistechnology,its4.___________(possible)havebeencreatingmuchexcitement5.__________theentiremedicalcommunity

andbeyond.6._______doubt,genomeeditingisoneofthegreatest7._________(invent)inthehistoryofscience.Thankyouforlistening.對于基因組編輯這一話題，要探索和討論的還有很多。雖然公眾對這項(xiàng)技術(shù)存在爭論，但它蘊(yùn)含的可能性讓整個(gè)醫(yī)學(xué)界和外界都感到非常興奮。毫無疑問，基因組編輯是科學(xué)史上最偉大的發(fā)明之一。感謝各位聆聽。cre·ate/kri?e?t/造成，引起，產(chǎn)生（感覺或印象）tobeexploredDespiteargumentpossibilitiesthroughoutWithoutinventionsA2.Readthelecturetranscriptagaincarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestions.Page321.Whatinformationdoesourpersonalgenomecarry?

Itcarriesalltheinformationneededtomakeusgrowanddevelop.Italsocontainsinformationthathelpsdetermineourlifespanandaffectsourchancesofcontractingcertaindiseases.2.Howcangeneticistsmakechangestothegenome?3.Howmightgenomeeditingmakeitpossibletopreventdiseasesfromdeveloping?

Bycorrecting,adding,deletingorreplacingspecificpartsofthegeneticmaterial.

Bycorrectingabnormalgenesearlyon.4.Whatisa“designerbaby”?5.Whatdoesthelecturercompareuncontrolledgenomeeditingto?

A“designerbaby”isababywhosecharacteristicshavebeenspecificallyselectedbeforeitisborn.

Thelecturercomparesittoacaroutofcontrol.A3.Inpairs,discussthefollowingquestions.Page32

1.Howdoesthelecturerfeelaboutgenomeediting?Findevidencefromthelecturetranscripttosupportyouropinion.

Thelecturerfeelsveryexcitedaboutgenomeediting.Hedescribesitasthemost“game-changing”amongthemanywonderfulscientificdevelopmentsand“oneofthegreatestinventionsinthehistoryofscience”.However,thelecturerisalsoconcernedthatthistechnologymightnotbeusedappropriately.Helistsafewmoralissuesbeforewarningthatweneedtoputappropriatecontrolsinplacetopreventgenomeeditingfromrunningwildandmakesureitwillworktoouradvantage.

2.Thelecturermentionsthatonedaywewillbeabletocreate“designerbabies”.Whatdoyouthinkof“designerbabies”?

Idonotthinkweshoulddesignbabiesunlessitisbecauseofseriousphysicalormentalhealthconcerns.Thereisnoneedtodesignababyifitsparentsareperfectlyhealthy.Naturalgeneselectionensuresdiversityamongourspecies,soif“designerbabies”becomethenorm,thediversitylevelwilldrop.norm

/n??m/常態(tài),正常行為,=rule;規(guī)范；行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn);標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；定額；定量

Overtime,thiscouldleadtothemajorityofpeoplebeingbornwithsimilarintelligencelevels,similarphysicalfeaturesandperhaps,evensimilarpersonalities.Humanscouldevolveinto“superbeings”,whichsomepeoplemaybelievetobegoodforus,butinterferingwithournaturalevolutioncouldresultindisaster.Idonotthinkweshouldtakethechance.風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；冒險(xiǎn)evolve(sth)(fromsth)(intosth)/i?v?lv/（使）逐漸形成，逐步發(fā)展，逐漸演變;進(jìn)化；進(jìn)化形成inter·fere

withsth.

/??nt??f??(r)/妨礙；干擾;弄壞（器材等）evo·lu·tion/?i?v??lu??n/進(jìn)化;演變；發(fā)展；漸進(jìn)

3.Whatcontrolscanweputinplacetomakesurethatgenomeeditingwillworktoouradvantage?

Governmentsaroundtheworldshouldworktogethertomakelawsandregulationsaboutwhengenomeeditingcanandcannotbeused.First,theselawsandregulationsshouldcovervariousaspectsofgenomeediting,suchasethicalissuesandsecurity,andtheymayhavetobeintroducedatmultiplelevels—global,nationalandevenregional.regu·la·tion

/?reɡju?le??n/章程；規(guī)章制度；規(guī)則；法規(guī);管理，控制eth·ic·al

/?eθ?kl/（有關(guān)）道德的；倫理的;合乎道德的mul·tiple

/?m?lt?pl/數(shù)量多的；多種多樣的regional/?ri?d??nl/地區(qū)的；區(qū)域的；地方的

Second,genomeeditingequipmentneedstobestrictlycontrolledsothatitdoesnotfallintothewronghands.Finally,governments,scientists,stakeholdersandthepublicneedtoworktogethertoenforceappropriateusageofgenomeediting.Theapplicationoftheselawsandregulationsregardinggenomeeditingwillonlybesuccessfulifallpartiesconcernedcooperate.fallintosb'shands/thehandsofsb:受制于某人；被某人控制wrong不合適的；不適當(dāng)?shù)?；不合意的stake·hold·er

/?ste?kh??ld?(r)/參與人，參與方；有權(quán)益關(guān)系者en·forcesth(on/againstsb/sth)/?n?f??s/強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行，強(qiáng)行實(shí)施（法律或規(guī)定）B.BuildingyourlanguagePage33B1.Thenewsreportbelowisaboutthediscoveryofgeneticmarkersthataretiedtolifespans.Completethenewsreportwiththecorrectformsofthewordsandphrasesintheboxbelow.pacemeansidentifywrestlewithcellfundamentalaffectwithoutdoubtgeneticmarker遺傳標(biāo)記betiedtosth.使…緊密聯(lián)系;連接；聯(lián)合；使緊密結(jié)合Thisweek,ateamofscientistsbasedinSwitzerlandannouncedthediscoveryofsixteengeneticmarkersthatrelatetohumanlifespans.(1)_____________,thediscoveryisanimportantfindinginthefieldofgenetics.Foryears,scientistshavebeenworkingto(2)_______specificgeneticmarkersthatareconnectedwithalonglifespan.Untilrecently,onlytwosuchmarkerswereknowntothescientificcommunity(團(tuán)體；社團(tuán)；界).Withoutdoubtidentifybased在…居?。ɑ蚬ぷ鳎换兀ɑ蚩偛浚┰凇?（以某事）為基礎(chǔ)，為根據(jù)-based

(構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞)以…為重要部分（或特征）；以…為主Switzerland/?sw?ts?l?nd/瑞士

Genesplayacriticalroleinoverallhealth.Every(3)____inthehumanbodycontainsgeneticinformation.△Everythingfromtheageingprocesstothedevelopmentofdeadlydiseases,suchascancer,istiedtoanindividual’sgeneticmake-up.However,scientistshavelongbeen(4)_____________thequestionaboutwhichgeneticmarkersindicateashortorlonglifespan.Thediscoverybytheresearchteammayquickenthe(5)_____ofthestudyongenesandhumanlifespans,andeventuallyhelpanswerthisquestion.age·ing

/?e?d???/adj.變老的；老朽的；變舊的；老化的;n.變老；蒼老；變舊；老化make-up組成成分；構(gòu)成方式;性格；氣質(zhì);化妝品;補(bǔ)考cellwrestlingwithpaceScientistssaythatlocatingthesesixteengeneticmarkerswillgreatly

improvetheirunderstandingofhowgenes(6)_____lifespans.Thesegeneticmarkersmayeventuallyfunctionasa(7)______oftargetingthespecificgenesconnectedwithlifespans.Thiscouldsignificantlyenhancepeople’schancesoflivingtoaripeoldage.Accordingtosomescientists,itcouldmakea(8)___________changetothefutureofhumanlife.functionassb/sth起…作用；具有…功能target/?tɑ?ɡ?t/以(某特定人群)為目標(biāo);針對，瞄準(zhǔn)，指向sig·nifi·cant·ly/s?ɡ?n?f?k?ntli/有重大意義地；顯著地；明顯地；意味深長地affectmeansfundamental

B2.Thelecturetranscriptusesanumberofwordsrelatedto“gene”.Lookattheexamples,thinkofmorewordfamilieswithasimilarpatternandfillinthetablebelow.Page331.-(t)ics/-(o)logy:thestudyofasubjectgenetics/d???n?t?ks/遺傳學(xué),statistics/st??t?st?ks/統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù),economics/?i?k??n?m?ks/經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué),linguistics/l???ɡw?st?ks/語言學(xué),sociology/?s??s???l?d??/社會學(xué),climatology/?kla?m??t?l?d??/氣候?qū)Wpolitics,physics,biol·ogy,zo·ology/z????l?d?i/

2.-(t)ic/-al:relatedtogenetic基因的；遺傳學(xué)的economic/?i?k??n?m?k/經(jīng)濟(jì)的；經(jīng)濟(jì)上的；經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的,有利可圖的；可賺錢的；合算的eco·nom·ic·al/?i?k??n?m?kl/經(jīng)濟(jì)的；實(shí)惠的;節(jié)儉的；節(jié)約的；簡潔的;精打細(xì)算的；省錢的linguistic

/l???ɡw?st?k/語言的；語言學(xué)的,mathematical/?m?θ??m?t?k?l/數(shù)學(xué)的,political

/p??l?t?kl/政治的；政府的；政權(quán)的,musical

/?mju?z?kl/音樂的；有音樂的his·tor·ic·al/h??st?r?kl/（有關(guān)）歷史的;歷史學(xué)的;歷史題材的his·tor·ic/h??st?r?k/歷史上著名（或重要）的；可名垂青史的;有史時(shí)期的3.-ist/-ian:apersonwhostudiesasubjectgeneticist/d???net?s?st/遺傳學(xué)家physicist