2024屆河南省五市高三下學期一模英語試題（解析版）

★2024年3月22日下午2024年河南省五市高三第一次聯(lián)考英語考生注意：1.答題前，考生務必將自己的姓名、考生號填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并將考生號條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2、回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.WhatisAliceworriedabout?A.Anupcominglecture.B.Thestudents’behavior.C.Atraditionalcustom.2.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Athome.C.Inasupermarket.3.Howdothespeakers/feelnow?A.Surprised.B.Happy.C.Annoyed.4.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Bakingcakes.B.Preparingforaparty.C.Makingashoppinglist.5.Whatarethespeakers:mainlytalkingabout?A.Peter’sholiday！B.Peter’strip.plan.C.Peter’s’cousins.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5i分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhydidTomcomehomelate?A.Helosttrackofthetime.B.Hemissedthelastbus.C.Hefinishedschoollate.7.WhatdoesTomsayaboutthesinger?A.Heneedssomemoney.B.Hejustwantstobeappreciated.C.He'sgoodatsingingclassicalsongs.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.WhatdidDavidaskhiscolleaguestodo?A.Attendtheafternoonmeeting.B.Arriveattherestaurantby7:00.C.Leaveearlytoavoidbusytraffic.9.Whyisthemanunabletoensurehisarrivaltime?A.HehastopickupMr.Smith.B.Hehastoprepareforameeting.C.Hehastodeliversomepackages.10.WhatdoesMonicasuggestthemando?A.GiveDavidacall.B.Skipthegathering.C.Takepublictransportation.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Howoftendoesthewomanwalktowork?A.Twodaysaweek.B.Threedaysaweek.C.Fourdaysaweek.12.Whatdoesthewomandislikeaboutsharedbikes?A.Thespeed.B.Theexpense.C.Theparkingsituation.13.Wherewillthemangonext?A.Hisoffice.B.Hishome.C.Thesubwaystation.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Schoolmates.B.Formerneighbors.C.Interviewerandinterviewee.15.Whydoesthemanfeel-upsetabouttheinterviewoncampus?AHedidn'tattendit.B.Hefounditmeaningless.C.Hehasn'treceivedanynotice:16.WhatadvicedoesJennygivetothemanaboutinterviews?A.Providingsatisfactoryanswers.B.Arrivingatthecompanyontime.C.Doingresearchonthecompanybeforehand.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whichgroupdothelistenersbelongto?A.Thefirstone.B.Thesecondone.C.Thethirdone.18.Whatproductisthestoresellingnow?A.Homeelectronics.B.Outdoorfurniture.C.Indoorfurniture:19.Whendidthespeakerbecomethestoremanager?A.Oneyearago.B.Fouryearsago.C.Tenyearsago.20.Whoisthespeakertalkingto?A.Theemployees.B.Thecustomers.C.Thepartners.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AJonathanDrori’sinterestinplantsdatesbacktohisyearswhengrowingupinsouthwestLondon.TheylivedwithinwalkingdistanceoftheRoyalBotanicGardens,Kew,hometooneofthemostdiversecollectionsofplantsintheworld.Hisparentswouldtakehimandhisbrotherfrequentlytothegardens,exploringthegroundsanddiscoveringnewplantspeciesfromaroundtheworld.“Myfatherwastrainedinbotanybutworkedasanengineer,whilemymotherwasinterest-edinthebeautyofplants,”hesays,“Shewouldcarryamagnifyingglassinherpurse,andwe’dgotoKeweveryweektolookattheindividualplants.”NowDroriisabotanyexpert.He’sbuiltacareerasaneducator,focusingontheenvironmentandtechnology,andisalsoaproductiveauthor.Hisnewbookexplainsthehistoricalandculturalsignificanceofdifferentplantspecies.Usingamapashisguide,heselectedabouteightyplantsfromaroundtheworld,andeachhasaninterestingbackstorythatfocusesontheculturalsignificanceandbotanicalstructureofeachspecies.Forexample,amaranth(莧菜)fromPeruhasalmostbeenforgotten,sinceit’softenover-shadowedbymorereadilyavailablewholegrainslikeoatsandrye.However,ithasgainedpopularityinrecentyearsthankstobeinghighlynutritiousandagoodsourceofbeneficialacids.Infact,beforetheSpanishConquestin1519,amaranthwasamajorfoodstuffoftheIncaandAztecempires.TheAztecsuseditsseedsforceremonialpurposes,mixingamaranthflourintofiguresrepresentingimportantdeitieswithintheirculture,suchasTlaloc,thegodofrain.1.WheredidJonathanDrori’sinterestinbotanymainlycomefrom?A.Hiscollection B.Histeachers C.Hisbooks D.Hischildhood2.WhichofthefollowingisthemostpossibletitleforJonathanDrori'snewbook?A.AroundtheWorldin80Plants B.HowPlantsRelatetoCivilizationC.HowPlantsTellStoriesofHistory D.ABriefHistoryofResearchonPlants3.Whatleadstoamaranthbecomingmoreandmorepopularrecently?A.Itshistoricalvalue B.ItsceremonialvalueC.Itshealthyvalue D.Itsculturalvalue【答案】1.D2.B3.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要介紹了植物學專家喬納森·德羅里的相關信息?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“JonathanDrori’sinterestinplantsdatesbacktohisyearswhengrowingupinsouthwestLondon.(喬納森·德羅里對植物的興趣可以追溯到他在倫敦西南部長大的時候。)”可知，喬納森·德羅里對植物學的興趣主要來自他的童年。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Hisnewbookexplainsthehistoricalandculturalsignificanceofdifferentplantspecies.(他的新書解釋了不同植物物種的歷史和文化意義。)”可知，喬納森·德羅里的新書與植物物種和文明有關。因此B項“HowPlantsRelatetoCivilization(植物與文明的關系)”最有可能是他的書的書名。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However,ithasgainedpopularityinrecentyearsthankstobeinghighlynutritiousandagoodsourceofbeneficialacids.(然而，由于其營養(yǎng)豐富和有益酸的良好來源，近年來它越來越受歡迎。)”可知，莧菜越來越受歡迎得益于它的營養(yǎng)價值。故選C。BEarlyinmytimeinChina,IaskedacoworkerifshenoticedanythingAmericansdothatisstrange.“You’realwaysfighting,evenwithyourbestfriend.”shesaid.Shehadneverseenmefightwithmyfriend,soIwassurprised,untilIrealizedshewasreferringtoaphilosophicaldebate.Thoughpassionate,myfriendandIwouldhardlyhaveconsidereditafight.Accordingtohim,manyChinesewouldn’ttelltheirfriendto“shutyourmouthwhenyouspeaktome”ortellthem,“yourlogicissodumb—youdon’thaveobjectpermanence”,whichisopposedtosocialharmony.Wordsaremetaphors,servingtocomprehendabstractideasorbeliefs.Eachlanguagepossessesaninnerlogic,influencinghowitsspeakersstructuresentencesandunderstandwords.Thisuniquenessextendsbeyondmerevocabulary;itspreadstothesystemofexpression,shapingthoughtsandideas.Regardlessofhowskilledonebecomesatcommunicating,orhowmanydictionariesthey’veread,theycannotguaranteethatthelistenerunderstandsthemcorrectly.Eachlanguagebarrierexistswithinspeakersofthesamelanguage.In2013,IworkedwithaBritishmanwhohadlivedinChinaforadecadeandspokeChinesefluently.Ittookhimabout10yearstofullyunderstandtheculture.EitherI’msilly,orhewaskiddingme.Icanconfidentlysaythatafterallthistime,I’mevenmoreconfusedthanIwasthen...TheconceptsandideasIlearnaboutChinesecultureexpandendlessly,andIsuspectthatwillalwaysbetrue.IfI’mlucky,I’llhaveanother30yearsoflife,lesstimethanmoreintelligentmenthanIhavespentstudyingculture.PerhapsI’mnotmeanttounderstandChina.Thereisacceptanceandpeaceinthat.Withmyforeignfriends,IwilljokeandeventeasethemandwithmyChinesefriends,IwillaskquestionstoavoidgivingtheimpressionIamfightingwiththem.Iwillembracecross-culturalconfusionandpersistinunderstandingmyChinesefriends,family,coworkersandneighbors,becausethatknowledgebearsgiftsofwisdomandjoy.Mylifeisbetterforit.4.WhatimpressiondoestheauthorleaveonhisChinesefriend?A.Hespecializesindebating. B.Heiskindofrudetofriends.C.Heargueswithothersmuch. D.Heispassionateaboutphilosophy.5.WhatdoestheauthorstressaboutthelanguageinParagraph2?A.Itsinnerlogic B.ItssignificantcomplexityCItsabstractorigin D.Itschangingstructure6.WhatmakestheauthormorepuzzledwhenlivinglongerinChina?A.ProfoundChineseculture B.HisBritishfriend’s,experienceC.Littletimespentwithfamily D.Differentunderstandingofhumor7.Whichistheauthor’splanforfuturelife?A.HewilltakeChinaasitis. B.Hewillreturntohismotherland.C.HewillbemoreseriousinChina. D.Hewillpersistinacademicstudy.【答案】4.C5.B6.A7.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講的是作者在中國的情景以及對中國文化的理解，說明了中美文化的差異以及中國文化的博大精深?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段““You’realwaysfighting,evenwithyourbestfriend.”shesaid.(“你總是在吵架，即使是和你最好的朋友。”她說)”可知，作者給中國朋友的印象是他經(jīng)常和別人爭論。故選C項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Eachlanguagepossessesaninnerlogic,influencinghowitsspeakersstructuresentencesandunderstandwords.Thisuniquenessextendsbeyondmerevocabulary;itspreadstothesystemofexpression,shapingthoughtsandideas.Regardlessofhowskilledonebecomesatcommunicating,orhowmanydictionariesthey’veread,theycannotguaranteethatthelistenerunderstandsthemcorrectly.(每種語言都有其內(nèi)在的邏輯，影響著說這種語言的人如何組織句子和理解單詞。這種獨特性不僅僅局限于詞匯；它傳播到表達系統(tǒng)，形成思想和觀念。不管一個人的溝通技巧有多熟練，或者他們讀過多少字典，他們都不能保證聽者能正確地理解他們的意思)”可知，在文章第二段作者指出不管一個人的溝通技巧有多熟練，或者他們讀過多少字典，他們都不能保證聽者能正確地理解他們的意思。由此推知，在第二段中作者強調(diào)的是語言顯著的復雜性。故選B項。【6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Icanconfidentlysaythatafterallthistime,I’mevenmoreconfusedthanIwasthen...TheconceptsandideasIlearnaboutChinesecultureexpandendlessly,andIsuspectthatwillalwaysbetrue.(我可以自信地說，經(jīng)歷了這么久，我比當時更困惑了……我學到的關于中國文化的概念和想法是無窮無盡的，我懷疑這將永遠是正確的)

”可知，深厚的中國文化讓作者感到更困惑。故選A項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Iwillembracecross-culturalconfusionandpersistinunderstandingmyChinesefriends,family,coworkersandneighbors,becausethatknowledgebearsgiftsofwisdomandjoy.Mylifeisbetterforit.(我將接受跨文化的困惑，堅持理解我的中國朋友、家人、同事和鄰居，因為這些知識會帶來智慧和快樂。我的生活因此變得更好了)”可推知，作者決定將接受中國的現(xiàn)狀。故選A項。CInrecentyears,thepopularideaofreducingcarbonfootprintsbyeatinglocallytocutdownfoodmileshascomeundercloseexamination.However,arecentstudypublishedinNatureFoodindicatesthatglobalfoodmilesmightaccountforasmuchas20percentoffood-relatedemissions,asignificantlyhigherpercentagethanpreviousestimations.Thisstatementbegsthequestion:Arefoodmilesmoresignificantthanweinitiallybelieved?Foodmilesrepresentthedistancefoodtravelsfromproductiontoconsumption,withpreviousstudiessuggestingthattheemissionsfromthesemilesaretinycomparedtotheemissionsproducedduringthefoodgrowingprocess.Forinstance,producingonekilogramofbeefgeneratesalmost99kgofCO2,whileapplesonlyproduce0.4kgperkilogram.Ifthegoalistominimizedietarycarbonfootprints,itwouldbemorebeneficialtochoosefoodswithloweroverallcarbonfootprints,eveniftheyhavetotraveladistance.Therefore,reducingmeatanddairyintakecouldprovetobeamoreeffectivestrategy.Therecentstudydoesn’tcontradict(相矛盾)thisconclusion.Thereasonwhythereportedproportionishigheristhatthecalculationincludesalltransportinvolved,includingthetransportationoffertilizers,farmequipment,andpesticides(殺蟲劑).HannahRitchie,aresearcherattheUniversityofOxford,suggeststhatatermotherthan“foodmiles”wouldbemoreappropriatetoavoidanyconfusion.Ifthestudyhadfollowedthestandarddefinitionoffoodmiles,theper-centagewoulddropto9percent,whichcorrespondsmorecloselywiththe4to6percentfoundinpriorresearch.Moreover,thestudytheorizesthatevenifallfoodwasproducedinthecountrieswhereitisconsumed,thereductioninemissionswouldonlybe1.7percentoverall.Thisisduetothefactthatalargerproportionoffoodwouldbetransportedbyroadratherthanbysea,withtrucksproducinghigheremissionspertonofcargothanships.“So,overall,thebottomlineisstillthatwhatyoueathasamuchbiggerimpactonemissionsthanthedistancethatfoodhastotraveltoreachyou,”saidRitchie.8.Whathastherecentstudyfound?A.Foodproductionhascausedalotofcarbonemissions.B.Carbonemissionsfromfoodmilesareincreasingrapidly.C.Carbonemissionreductionlargelydependsoneatinglocally.D.Globalfoodmilesleadtomorecarbonemissionsthanexpected.9.Whydoestheauthormention“beef”and“apples”inparagraph.2?A.ToexplainthebenefitsofapplesB.Tohighlightfoodproduction’seffectC.TocomparebeefandappleproductionD.Toadvocateshort-distancetransportation10.Whichofthefollowingisthebestsolutiontofood-relatedcarbonfootprints?A.Supplyinghigh-caloryfoodsB.UpgradingfooddeliverysystemsC.ReducingmeatanddairyconsumptionD.Avoidingchemicalpesticidesforplants11.WhatistheRitchie’sattitudetowardtherecentstudyfinding?A.Unfavourable. B.Supportive. C.Tolerant. D.Uncertain.【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文，文章主要探討了食品運輸下的碳排放?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“However,arecentstudypublishedinNatureFoodindicatesthatglobalfoodmilesmightaccountforasmuchas20percentoffood-relatedemissions,asignificantlyhigherpercentagethanpreviousestimations.(然而，最近發(fā)表在《自然食品》雜志上的一項研究表明，全球食物里程可能占食品相關排放的20%，這一比例比之前的估計要高得)”可知，最近的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)全球食物里程導致的碳排放比預期的要多。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容“Foodmilesrepresentthedistancefoodtravelsfromproductiontoconsumption,withpreviousstudiessuggestingthattheemissionsfromthesemilesaretinycomparedtotheemissionsproducedduringthefoodgrowingprocess.Forinstance,producingonekilogramofbeefgeneratesalmost99kgofCO2,whileapplesonlyproduce0.4kgperkilogram..(食物里程代表食物從生產(chǎn)到消費的距離，之前的研究表明，與食物生長過程中產(chǎn)生的排放量相比，這些里程的排放量很小。例如，生產(chǎn)一公斤牛肉會產(chǎn)生近99kg的二氧化碳，而一公斤蘋果只產(chǎn)生0.4千克。)”可知，第二段通過對比生產(chǎn)一千克牛肉與生產(chǎn)一千克蘋果產(chǎn)生的碳排放量，旨在強調(diào)食物生產(chǎn)對碳排放的影響。故選B?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Therefore,reducingmeatanddairyintakecouldprovetobeamoreeffectivestrategy.(因此，減少肉類和奶制品的攝入量可能是一種更有效的策略)”可知，減少與食物有關的碳足跡的一個潛在解決方法是減少肉類和奶制品的攝入量。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thereasonwhythereportedproportionishigheristhatthecalculationincludesalltransportinvolved,includingthetransportationoffertilizers,farmequipment,andpesticides(殺蟲劑).HannahRitchie,aresearcherattheUniversityofOxford,suggeststhatatermotherthan‘foodmiles’wouldbemoreappropriatetoavoidanyconfusion.Ifthestudyhadfollowedthestandarddefinitionoffoodmiles,theper-centagewoulddropto9percent,whichcorrespondsmorecloselywiththe4to6percentfoundinpriorresearch.(報告的比例之所以較高，是因為計算中包括了所有涉及的運輸，包括化肥、農(nóng)業(yè)設備和殺蟲劑的運輸。牛津大學的研究員HannahRitchie建議，為了避免混淆，使用一個比‘食物里程’更合適的術(shù)語。如果這項研究遵循食物里程的標準定義，這一比例將降至9%，這與之前研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)的4%至6%更為接近)”可知，Ritchie認為最新的研究擴大了“食物里程”的概念范圍，故推測他不贊成該研究，故選A。DTraditionally,manydecisionsaboutmedicaltreatmentwereleftuptodoctors:Theydecided,andpatientsagreed.Today,healthcareprofessionalsareembracingtheideaofshareddecision-making,wherepatientsbecomeinformedpartnersintheirchoices.Healthcareprofessionalsnowfocusonplacingthepatientatthecenterofcare,informingthemabouttheiroptions,andengagingthemintreatmentdecisions.Forexample,theyengagepatientsbyasking,“What’simportanttoyou?Andwhatareyourprioritiesandgoalsaswetalkaboutatreatmentplan?”“Ithinkthere’sastrongrecognitioninAmericanmedicine,oftheimportanceofpatientengagementnotonlyintheircare,butindecidingwhattypesofcareandtypesofproceduresthey’regoingtoget,”saidDr.Allen,aprofessorofmedicineattheUniversityofColoradoSchoolofMedicineinAurora.A2017study,publishedinthejournalCirculation:CardiovascularQualityandOutcomesfoundthatpeoplewithheartdiseasewhowentthrough-shareddecision-makinghadbetterphysicalandmentalhealth,betterobediencetomedicationandlowerratesofstayinginhospitalandemergencydepartmentuse.Patientsalsoreportedbettercommunicationwiththeirdoctors.Whenpeoplearemoreengagedindecision-making,theyunderstandtheprosandconsofvarioustreatmentoptions,andthey’remorelikelytosticktothetreatmentplanandtocontinuethatcommunication.Butresearchonhowtobestapproachdifferent,culturalgroupsislacking.Manydoctorscitelimitedtimeasabarrier,althoughresearchshowsthatshareddecision-makingcanbeaccomplishedevenwithinshortclinicvisits.Also,currentmodelsofpaymentfordoctors’visitsdonotalwaysagreewiththegoalsofshareddecision-making.Butunderlyingallthatisthatmedicaldecisionscanbe“incrediblycomplicated”.Makingthepracticework.onawiderscaleisanevolvingprocess.Butinthelongrun,Allensaid:“shareddecision-makingcanensurethatwithalltheamazingnewtechnologiesandtreatmentsthatwewillhaveinmedicine,theyreallycanbeappliedtomorepatientsinatailored,meaningfulwaythatmeetstheirownvalues,goalsandpreferences.”12.Whatroledodoctorsplayinshareddecision-making?A.Theyareatthecenterofcare. B.Theyaskquestionstopatients:C.Theyfollowpatients’opinions. D.Theypresentsuggestionstopatients.13.Whichcanbeabenefittopatientsfromshareddecision-making?A.Shortenedtimeinhospital B.ImprovedhealthyawarenessC.Reducedmentalproblems D.Enhancedcommunicationskills14.Whatisthebiggestchallengetoshareddecision-making?A.LackoffamilysupportB.LimitedtimeandmoneyC.UniquenessofmedicaltreatmentD.Complicatedmedicineproductionprocess15.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.SharedDecisionMaking:MorethanTechnology?B.SharedDecisionMaking:anIdealWayforPatientsC.SharedDecisionMaking:aFutureModelofHospitals?D.SharedDecisionMaking:AdvantagesandDisadvantages【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹了醫(yī)患共同決策及其好處，也指出它面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。【12題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Healthcareprofessionalsnowfocusonplacingthepatientatthecenterofcare,informingthemabouttheiroptions,andengagingthemintreatmentdecisions.Forexample,theyengagepatientsbyasking,‘What’simportanttoyou?Andwhatareyourprioritiesandgoalsaswetalkaboutatreatmentplan?’(衛(wèi)生保健專業(yè)人員現(xiàn)在的重點是把病人放在護理的中心，告訴病人他們的選擇，并讓他們參與治療決策。例如，他們會問病人：‘對你來說什么是重要的？我們談論治療方案時你的首要任務和目標是什么？’)”可知，醫(yī)生在共同決策中向病人提出建議，故選D?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“A2017study,publishedinthejournalCirculation:CardiovascularQualityandOutcomesfoundthatpeoplewithheartdiseasewhowentthrough-shareddecision-makinghadbetterphysicalandmentalhealth,betterobediencetomedicationandlowerratesofstayinginhospitalandemergencydepartmentuse.(2017年發(fā)表在《循環(huán)：心血管質(zhì)量與結(jié)果》雜志上的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，經(jīng)歷了共同決策的心臟病患者有更好的身心健康，更好地服從藥物治療，住院和急診室使用率更低)”可知，參與共同決策對病人的好處是縮短住院時間，故選A。【14題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Butresearchonhowtobestapproachdifferentculturalgroupsislacking.(但是，關于如何最好地接近不同文化群體的研究還很缺乏)”可知，共同決策最大的挑戰(zhàn)是關于如何最好地接近不同文化群體的研究還很缺乏，即醫(yī)療的獨特性，故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第一段中“Today,healthcareprofessionalsareembracingtheideaofshareddecision-making,wherepatientsbecomeinformedpartnersintheirchoices.(今天，衛(wèi)生保健專業(yè)人員正在接受共同決策的想法，患者在他們的選擇中成為知情的伙伴)”可知，文章主要介紹了共同決策及其好處，也指出它面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，C項“共享決策：醫(yī)院的未來模式？”為最佳標題，故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。YouralarmgoesoffonJanuary1.Youforceyourselfoutofbedanddragyourfeettowardthebathroom,whereyouglimpseapale-facedstrangerinthemirror.____16____.Afteramoment,however,youthink,“Wait,it’sokaybecausetodayisNewYear’sDay;there’stimetogetbackinshape!”Formanypeople,thestartofanewyearsignalstheendofaperiodofoverindulgence(放縱)indiet.____17____.Theyoftenrevolvearoundturningoneselfintoafitandhealthyhumanbeing.However,thefactisthatapproximately80%ofthemareabandonedbeforeFebruary.Howdoesthathappen?____18____.Whilewemayhavegoodintentionswhenmakingresolutions,wearenotactuallymakingenoughdeterminationtoliveinamorecontrolledway.Changeinvolvesadegreeofstress,andsomeonenotmentallyequippedtohandlethatstresswillstruggletochange.So,whatcanyoudotoachieveyourhealthygoalsinthenewyear?Oneideaistothinksmallratherthantheopposite.____19____.Butinrealitychangeislikelyeasierinsmallersteps,whichallowsforgreatersuccess.Anotherhelpfulstrategyistodesignapersonalrewardsystem.Finally,setconcretegoals.Insteadofmakingavagueresolutionlike“I’mgoingtogetinbettershapethisyear”,makeaspecificone.Forexample,“I’mgoingtorunfor30minuteseveryday”wouldbefarmorepowerful.Mostimportantly,rememberthatdespitetheirname,NewYear’sresolutionsshouldbeforlife.____20____,butwithsuitablestrategies,thereisnoreasonwhyyoucannotsticktoyourresolutionspermanentlyoratleastuntilMarch.A.ChangetakestimeandeffortB.Instinctively,youstepbackinhorrorC.It’sprobablyrelatedtoself-disciplineD.Manypeople’splansinvolvegrandmeasuresE.TheanswerislikelythatweshouldbeconfidentF.NewYearisagreattimetobewithfamilyandfriendsG.InDecemberit’softenjustifiedbyplanningNewYear’sresolutions【答案】16.B17.G18.C19.D20.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人們執(zhí)行新年計劃時遇到的問題，并就如何更好地執(zhí)行新年計劃給出了建議。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Youforceyourselfoutofbedanddragyourfeettowardthebathroom,whereyouglimpseapale-facedstrangerinthemirror.(你強迫自己下了床，慢慢地走向浴室，在那里你在鏡子里看到了一個臉色蒼白、睡眼惺忪的陌生人)”可知，此刻的自己狀態(tài)極差；再根據(jù)下文“Afteramoment,however,youthink,‘Wait,it’sokaybecausetodayisNewYear’sDay;there’stimetogetbackinshape!’(然而，過了一會兒，你覺得，‘等等，沒關系，因為今天是元旦，是時候恢復身材了！’)”中的“however”可知，空處和下文之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關系，既然下文為“it’sokay”，那么空處則與此相反，與選項B“你立刻驚恐地退了回去”中的“inhorror”相對應。故選B?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Formanypeople,thestartofanewyearsignalstheendofaperiodofoverindulgence(放縱)indiet.(對許多人來說，新年的開始標志著一段時間過度放縱飲食的結(jié)束)”和下文“Theyoftenrevolvearoundturningoneselfintoafitandhealthyhumanbeing.(它們經(jīng)常以把自己變成一個健康的人為中心)”可知，上文提到新年的開始標志著結(jié)束過度放縱飲食，所以把自己變得更健康應是未來的計劃，G項“在12月，人們通常通過制定新年計劃來證明這一點”符合語境，故選G?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“However,thefactisthatapproximately80%ofthemareabandonedbeforeFebruary.Howdoesthathappen?(然而，事實是，大約80%的計劃在2月份之前就被遺棄了。這是怎么發(fā)生的？)”可知，此處提出一個問題，結(jié)合下文“Whilewemayhavegoodintentionswhenmakingresolutions,wearenotactuallymakingenoughdeterminationtoliveinamorecontrolledway.(當我們下定決心的時候，我們可能有很好的意圖，但我們實際上并沒有足夠的決心來控制自己的生活)”可知，人們沒有足夠的決心來執(zhí)行計劃，故C項“這可能與自律有關”回答上文問題，與下文語義一致，故選C?！?9題詳解】下文“Butinrealitychangeislikelyeasierinsmallersteps,whichallowsforgreatersuccess.(但在現(xiàn)實中，小步驟的改變可能更容易，從而取得更大的成功)”提到，在現(xiàn)實中，小步驟的改變可能更容易，空處與下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關系，故空處是說人們制定很多宏偉的計劃，D項“許多人的計劃都包含宏偉的措施”符合語境，故選D。【20題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Mostimportantly,rememberthatdespitetheirname,NewYear’sresolutionsshouldbeforlife.(最重要的是，請記住，盡管名字叫新年決心，但它應該是終身的)”可知，新年決心應該是終身的，即需要持續(xù)的努力，A項“改變需要時間和努力”符合語境，且與下文“butwithsuitablestrategies,thereisnoreasonwhyyoucannotsticktoyourresolutionspermanentlyoratleastuntilMarch.(但如果有合適的策略，你沒有理由不能永遠堅持你的決心，或者至少堅持到3月份)”銜接得當，故選A。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Forthepastyears83-year-oldAlMerritthasbeenacheerypresenceinhisneighborhood.Since2010,Merritthasbeentryingtoachievethemissionto____21____thecircumference(周長)oftheEarth-24,901miles-withouteverleavinghisownneighborhood.____22____,Merrittgottoknowmanyofhisneighbors.UpuntilOctober24,（2021）,heneverrealizedthathisdailybicycletripswereas____23____tothemastheyweretohim.At3p.m.,nearly200peopleappearedtocongratulateMerrittontheendingofhis"round-the-world"____24____,andalargetrophy(杯)wasplacedinhisarms.Alstartedcyclingaround11yearsago.Atfirst,hisrideswereaboutfivemileslong,then10to12miles,and____25____thelengthofhisoutingsgrew.Astimewentby,hebegantothink____26____thecircumferenceoftheEarth.Bytheendof2020,hehad____27____21,565milesintotal.Therewasno____28____ofthegoalplanneduntiltwopassers-by,NatalieLondonandTaylorPlecity,camealong.TheywerevisitingLondon'smomwhenMerritt____29____byonhisbikequickly.Thenattractedbyhis_____30_____anddiscoveringMerrittwasjustweeksawayfromcompletinghisgoal,theyaskediftheycould_____31_____ashortdocumentary."Herepresentshowanindividual'ssmall_____32_____canchangeanentirecommunity,"saidLondon.TocelebratethecompletionofMerritt'scyclinggoal,theysecretlyprinteduppostersandplacedthemondoorwaysforseveral_____33_____.Buteventheyweresurprisedatthehugecrowdthat_____34_____.ActuallyMerritthasnoplanstochangetheroutinethathasbecomethe_____35_____ofhisdailylife.21.A.measure B.guess C.survey D.cycle22.A.Inaword B.Asaresult C.Onthecontrary D.Afterall23.A.time-consuming B.meaningful C.usual D.demanding24.A.adventure B.expectation C.subject D.phenomenon25.A.unexpectedly B.immediately C.hopefully D.gradually26.A.again B.twice C.big D.deep27.A.obtained B.dominated C.covered D.revolved28.A.celebration B.delay C.excuse D.admission29.A.drove B.flew C.stood D.slid30.A.speed B.bike C.route D.story31.A.cast B.picture C.film D.advertise32.A.deeds B.destinies C.reactions D.recreations33.A.cities B.landscapes C.houses D.blocks34.A.gathered B.called C.withdrew D.returned35.A.quality B.burden C.highlight D.impression【答案】21.D22.B23.B24.A25.D26.C27.C28.A29.B30.D31.C32.A33.D34.A35.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了83歲的阿爾?梅里特在他的社區(qū)里一直是一個可靠而愉快的存在。在不離開自己的社區(qū)的情況下，他完成了“環(huán)球”騎行——24901英里。這一壯舉鼓舞了社區(qū)所有的人?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：自2010年以來，梅里特一直試圖在不離開自己社區(qū)的情況下完成繞地球24901英里的任務。A.measure測量；B.guess猜測；C.survey調(diào)查；D.cycle騎自行車。根據(jù)下文“Alstartedcyclingaround11yearsago.”可知，梅里特完成繞地球24901英里的任務。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：因此，梅里特結(jié)識了他的許多鄰居。A.Inaword總之；B.Asaresult結(jié)果；C.Onthecontrary相反；D.Afterall畢竟。根據(jù)上文“withouteverleavinghisownneighborhood”可知，所以梅里特結(jié)識了他的許多鄰居。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：直到2021年10月24日，他才意識到，每天的自行車旅行對他們來說和對他來說一樣有意義。A.time-consuming耗時的；B.meaningful有意義的；C.usual常見的；D.demanding要求高的。根據(jù)下文“Herepresentshowanindividual'ssmall____12____canchangeanentirecommunity,"saidLondon.”可知，每天的自行車旅行對他們來說意義重大。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：下午3點，近200人到場祝賀梅里特“環(huán)球冒險之旅”的結(jié)束，一座巨大的獎杯被放在他的懷里。A.adventure冒險,旅行；B.expectation期望；C.subject學科；D.phenomenon現(xiàn)象。根據(jù)“round-the-world”可知，此處指環(huán)球冒險之旅。故選A。【25題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：起初，他的騎行距離約為5英里，然后是10到12英里，漸漸地，他騎行的距離越來越長。A.unexpectedly意外地；B.immediately立即地；C.hopefully有希望地；D.gradually逐漸地。根據(jù)下文“Atfirst,hisrideswereaboutfivemileslong,then10to12miles”可知，漸漸地，他騎行的距離越來越長。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著時間的推移，他開始把地球的周長想得很大。A.again再次；B.twice兩次；C.big大大