2024年高考二輪復習-七選五解題思路策略方法技講義巧及專項練習（教師版）

專題：七選五解題思路方法策略實操練習【2023JKJ】答案第=page11頁，共=sectionpages22頁2/2試題簡述文章體裁通常以指導性說明文為主，間或考查記敘文和議論文，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，一般是總分結(jié)構(gòu)，缺少5個句子，對應有7個選項，要根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容，邏輯，選出正確的句子。主要考查考生對文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。考驗學生閱讀過程中分析和匹配原文與選項信息的能力

設空位置分類特點按位置：段首【后一句或多句與此題邏輯聯(lián)系最緊密，語義粘性最大】段中【前后句或多句與此題邏輯聯(lián)系最緊密，語義粘性最大】段尾【前一句或多句與此題邏輯聯(lián)系最緊密，語義粘性最大】按功能：主旨概括句語段過渡句細節(jié)注釋句

解題思路：空前空后句子的粘性和邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)度

步驟：1.看標題，首尾段，標題型提示句，掃讀預測文章大意話題結(jié)構(gòu)2.看選項，找出潛在可能和文章相對應的關(guān)鍵信息詞或結(jié)構(gòu)3.通讀全文，查看主題句，分析篇章段落結(jié)構(gòu)，確定匹配信息范圍，匹配關(guān)鍵詞4.看空前空后【括號圈定前一句和后一句】，重點分析之間的邏輯性5.靈活掌握答題順序(先易后難)6.代入答案，整體驗證，重點核查邏輯關(guān)系。

解題策略方法：1)詞匯復現(xiàn)和同現(xiàn)法【詞義照應】復現(xiàn)是在文章上下文不同的位置對同一個概念進行重復描述。復現(xiàn)的形式主要是指同詞（同源詞）復現(xiàn)、同（近）義詞復現(xiàn)、反義詞復現(xiàn)，上下義詞/同一范疇詞等。同一范疇或者某一領(lǐng)域的詞匯在文章中同時出現(xiàn)

2）名詞和代詞線索代詞的作用無非是指代上下文提及的名詞或句子，巧妙利用名詞和代詞的指代關(guān)系和單復數(shù)的形式幫助解題。

3）邏輯關(guān)系線索【句意銜接詞】并列與遞進關(guān)系：and,also,further,moreover,what’smore,either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso,firstly,secondly,thirdly….等;因果關(guān)系：so,therefore,thus,accordingly,consequently,asaresult等；轉(zhuǎn)折與讓步關(guān)系：however,nevertheless,though,yet,inspiteof,onthecontrary,otherwise,while,ratherthan,evenif,despite,fortunately等。解釋in

fact,

actually,

for

example,

in

other

words,

that

is

to

say,

as

a

matter

of

fact

4）結(jié)構(gòu)策略：句式結(jié)構(gòu)和語篇結(jié)構(gòu)試題實操演練解讀：教學指導標記：【】標記粘性最大，邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)最緊密的信息語句范圍或標記題型類別底色標記關(guān)鍵名詞和代詞，復現(xiàn)詞，結(jié)構(gòu)語句的對于解題的提示作用底色標記語篇結(jié)構(gòu)和句式結(jié)構(gòu)對于解題的提示作用底色標記邏輯關(guān)系詞，連貫詞對于解題的提示作用ChooseOptimismOptimismandpessimismarebothpowerfulforces,andeachofusmustchoosewhichwewanttoshapeouroutlookandourexpectations.【Thereisenoughgoodandbadineveryone’slifetofindasensiblebasisforeitheroptimismorpessimism.1【段中】It’sourdecision.】Fromwhichperspectivedowewanttoviewlife?Willwelookupinhopeordownindespair?2【段首】【Thewayyoulookatlifewilldeterminehowyoufeel,howyouperformandhowwellyouwillgetalongwiththeotherpeople.Onthecontrary,negativethoughts,attitudes,andexpectationsfeedonthemselves;】theybecomeaself-fulfillingprediction.Pessimismcreatesadarkplacewherenoonewantstolive.【Optimismdoesn’tneedtobena?ve(無知的).3【段中】Someofthemarenotdealtwitheasily.】Butwhatadifferenceoptimismmakesintheattitudeoftheproblemsolver!Forexample,throughtheyearsI’veheardsomepeoplesaythatthemoneyspentonourspaceprogramhasbeenwasted.“Insteadofspending$455milliontoputamanonthemoon,”theysay,“whynotspendthatmoneyhereonearthonthepovertyproblem?”Butwhenyouaskthemexactlyhowtheywouldspendthatmoneytosolvethepovertyproblem,mostofthemdon’thaveananswer.【“Givemeasolution,”Itellthem,“andI’llraiseyouthemoney.”Anoptimistdoesnotjustcriticize.】4【段尾】Optimismdistractsourattentionawayfromnegativismandchannelsitintopositive,constructivethinking.【W(wǎng)henyou’reanoptimist,you’remoreconcernedwithproblem-solvingthanwithuselesscomplaintsaboutissues.5【段中】Ittakesadreamer-someonewithhopelesslyoptimisticideas,greatpersistence,andunlimitedconfidence-totackleaproblemthatbig.】It’syourchoice.A．Thegoodinlifefaroutweighsthebad.B．Wecanchoosetolaughorcry,blessorcurse(詛咒).C．Anoptimisticattitudeisnotaluxury;it’sanecessity.D．Hethinksinpositivetermsabouthowtoaddresstheissue.E．Youcanbeanoptimistandstillrecognizethatproblemsexist.F．Infact,withoutoptimism,issuesasbigandongoingaspovertyhavenohopeofsolution.G．America’sspaceprogramresultedinmanypositivediscoveriesthathavebenefitedmankind.Key：1．B2．C3．E4．D5．FHowIImprovedMyLifein2022Bytheturnof2022,IthoughtIwaslivingmindfullyandrathersustainably.Ihadbeencomposting(做堆肥)fruitandvegetableleftovers,andrepairingmyownclothes.【Butaslifewaseasingbackintonormal,certainaspectsmademefeeluncomfortable,liketheamountofplasticbeingthrownaway.1【段中】.ThesefeelingsmademerealizetherewasstillroomforimprovementandIwasupforitthroughouttheyear.】Takeupwalking.Thebiggestchangethisyearformehasbeentotakeupwalkingwholeheartedly.Havingspentsomuchtimeindoors,IwantedtohaveagentleformofexercisewhereIcouldenjoytheoutdoors.Istartedwalking.【W(wǎng)alkingconnectedmetothebeautifulcreaturesthatliveamongus.】2【段尾】.Tackleplasticwaste.【ItwasonlyafterIstartedcompostingthatIrealizedhowmuchorganicwasteevenasmallhouseholdcouldgenerate.3【段中】Luckily,ourcityoffersadoor-to-doordrywasterecyclingservice,5Rcycle,thatvisitseverytwoweeksandcollectsit.】4【段首】【Refillsareagreatsolutiontosingle-useplasticsandtoreducemywastefootprint.】EarlierthisyearIswitchedtoorderinghouseholdgoodsfromacompanythatsuppliesrefillsfororganickitchencleaners,toiletcleaners,andevenwashingmachinepowder.Establishamorningroutine.Wakingupearlycomeswithitsownsetofbenefits,namelyamorningroutine.【IdosomemorningreadingbeforeIbrush,followedbymywalk.Then,Icyclefor20minutesbeforeIshower.5.Meanwhile,theykeepmyeveningsfreesothatIcanmeetfriends,read,orconnectwithfamily,andslowlypreparemybodytorestasnightapproaches.】A．Uselessplastics.B．Switchtorefills.C．Ithelpedmetoreflectuponlife.D．Householdwasteiseasytodealwith.E．Theseactivitiespreparemefortheday.F．Ineededtofindasolutionforthewaste.G．Iwasalsofeelingunfitandunmotivated.KEY：1．G2．C3．F4．B5．EDoyouwanttoliveinahealthylifestyle?Practicingyogaisoneofthebestchoices.【Yogahasawell-deservedfameforhelpingtoimprovebalanceandflexibilityandforgainingcalmandrelaxation.1【段中】.Here’smoreabouthowdoingyogaisacompletebodyandmindworkout.】ReducingStress,ReducingPounds【Severalstudieshaveconfirmedthatdoingyogadoesreducecortisol(皮質(zhì)醇)levels.2【段中】.Itcanalsoincreaseyourdesireforhigh-fatandhigh-sugarfoodsanddrinkswhilereducingyourmusclemass.】3【標題】【Ina2016study,participantsinvolvedinpracticingyogarealizedthattheytendedtonoticenotonlytheamountoffoodtheyate,butwhattypeoffoodstheyateandtheimpactofeatingthosefoodsaswell.“Subjectsarereportedbecomingawareoftheeffectofcertainfoodsontheirbodiesduringtheiryogapractice,includingsugar,dairy,meatandalcohol,”wrotetheauthorsofthestudy.】MakingWeightLossLast4【段首】.【Thiscanbeattainedthroughimprovementsinsadnesstolerance,mindfulnessandself-sympathy.Forexample,ifsomeoneexperiencesimprovementsinmindfulness,theymaybelesslikelyto‘mindlessly’eatinresponsetoemotionssuchasboredom,stress,angerandotherexternalstimulationlikethepresenceoftastyfoods.】ChoosingtheRightType【Ultimately,thebestyogaisthepracticethatfitsyou—theoneyou’llcommitto.Therearenowmanyaccessiblestylesofyogathatmeetyouwhereyouarenomatterwhatyourweight,age,physicalchallengeorbackground.】5.A．FindingthebestfoodB．MovingWell,EatingWellC．EverybodyandeverybodycanbenefitfromacertainstyleD．Yogaisalsowell-knownforhelpingyouburnmorecaloriesE．Highlevelsofcortisol,astresshormone,canleadtoanincreaseinfatF．AnotherstudyshowsthatsomeoneinamorepositivemoodarelesslikelytoovereatG.Recentresearchshowsthatyogamayhelptoimprovelong-termweightlossoutcomesKEY：1．D2．E3．B4．G5．C【Travelingitselfisanexperiencehardtobedescribedinwords.1【段中】Especiallythesolo(獨自)travelingexperienceissotransforming【給人帶來如此大的改變以至于】thatitliveswithyouforever.HereIamsharingsomelessons.】2【段首】【ThinkinghowIwouldmanagemyentiredayamongstrangersoncampus,Ipretendedtobesick.】ThenIhadthesamefeelingwhenIwasplanningtotravelalone.【ExploringacityonmyownwasabigfearformebutIsuccessfullymanageditallandnow,Iseekoutnewopportunitiesandexperiences.Ilovetopushmyself.】3【段尾】【Havinggrownupandlivedallmylifeinasingleplace,Ihadasmallsetoffriendssincemyschooldayswhichcontinuedtillmycollegedays.4【段中】ImetafewveryinterestingpeoplewithwhomIcouldfeelaninstantconnectandgotsomenewfriendsforlife.】Itotallyagreethattravelingwithfamilyandfriendsisfunandenjoying.Buttravelingaloneissatisfyingtoo.【It’samongthosefewthingsthatyoudoforyourselfandnobodyelse.5【段中】DuringmysolotravelsIhaveexploredmyinnerselfandhaveexpandedmyboundarieswhichpeoplearoundmehaveacknowledgedattimes.】A．Iwanttoexperiencemore.B．Butallthischangedwithmyfirstsolotrip.C．IneverthoughtIwouldtravelaloneinmylife.D．IwassoscaredwhenIwenttoschoolfirsttime.E．Everyjourneypreparesyouforthejourneyoflife.F．Thefartheryoutravel,themoreindependentyoubecome.G．Afterallyouneedtotakecareofyourselfabittooattimes.KEY:1．E2．D3．A4．B5．G【Theroadtolearninghowtotakepersonalresponsibilitycanbeadifficultone,butstartingsimplereallyworks.1【段中】【提問題，給建議】Hereissomeadviceyouneedtofollow.】●Focusonthebasicsofyourjourney.【Justliketheocean,ourlifehasmanyupsanddowns.Ifyoustartbuildingasolidsailboat,youcanwithstand(經(jīng)受)theweather.Thesolidboatrepresentsyourbasicneeds:safety,self-esteem(自尊)andconnectionwithothers.】2【段尾】●Openyoursailsandbewillingtofail.【Donotlaytoomuchstressonthedestination.Justheadintherightdirection.3【段中】【看重過程，不要糾結(jié)于結(jié)果】You’resupposedtotakethecouragetoreallyopenyoursails.Whenyoudevoteyourselftowhatyouaredoing,youwillforgetaboutyourinsecuritiesandworries.】●4【標題】【Asyousailthroughlife,areyoumakinggoalsandplans,orareyousimplylettingthingshappenandwatchinglifepass?Workingongoalsettingenablesyoutomeasureyourprogressandtakeresponsibilityforallyouhaveandhaven’tdonetoachievethem.】●Liveinthemoment.Asyou’removingthroughtheoceanofyourlife,areyoureallyconcentratingoneachpresentmoment,orareyourthoughtssetonthepastandfuture?【Doyoucomplainaboutmistakesothersmadethatforcedyouintoadifficultposition?5【段中】Starttakingpersonalresponsibilityforeachthoughtandemotionthatpassesthroughyou.】A．Reachyourgoals.B．Moveforwardwithintention.C．Thenbegintotacklethemoredifficultaspects.D．Socheckinandmakesurethattheyarebeingmet.E．Stopblamingothersorsituationsifyoureallywanttoenjoyeachmoment.F．Everyonecanedgeclosertothatstagethroughtakingpersonalresponsibility.G．Youmustenjoythesailbyfindingpurposeandfollowingthatdesiretoexplore.KEY：1．C2．D3．G4．B5．E【ItseemsabitstrangetoimagineancientEgyptianscelebratingtheirbirthdayswithlayeredcakestoppedwithlightedcandles.】__1__【段尾】【Thefirstbirthdaycakeswerenothingofwhattheyaretodayandweren'tevencalledbirthdaycakes.

___2___【段中】Atthattimeonlytheycouldaffordtocelebratewithsomethingsweet.】Thatishowcakebecameassociatedwithspecialoccasions.AncientEgyptiansarecreditedwith"inventing"thebirthdaycelebration.AndancientGreeksborrowedthetraditionbutrightfullyrealizedthatadessertwouldmakethecelebrationallthemoremeaningful.【Sotheybakedmoon-shapedcakestoofferuptothemoon.】___3___【段尾】【Itwasn'tjusttheancientEgyptiansandGreekswhocelebratedwithsweetcakes.___4___【段中】Andit'sbelievedthattheoriginalbirthdaycakecamefromthem.Ratherthanjustcelebratingbirthdays,though,ancientRomewasknownforcelebratingallthingswithacakeincludingwedding,buttherewasanexception—thebirthdayscelebratedwereonlyformenwhowerecitizens,andtheyhadtobefamous.】Modernbirthdaypartiesaresaidtogettheirrootsfromthe18th-centuryGermancelebration.【Onthemorningofachild'sbirthday,heorshewouldreceiveacakewithlightedcandlesthataddeduptothechild'sageplusone.

___5___【段中】Thebirthdaychildwouldmakeawish,trytoblowoutallthecandlesinonebreath,anddigin.】A.AncientRomansalsohadtheirtraditions.B.Rather,theyweresymbolicofthenobleclass.C.AncientGreeksmadethefirstbirthdaycakes.D.Onbirthday,childrenwouldeatcakesmadebytheirmums.E.Theyalsodecoratedthecakestomakethemshinelikethemoon.F.Thisextracandlewascalledthelightofhopeforanothernewyear.G.However,they'retheoneswhofirstcameupwiththeideatodoso.【Ifyou’vestudiedbiology,you’veprobablylearnedaboutbloodtypes.Orperhapsyouhavelearnedsomethingaboutbloodtypesfromsocialmedia.1【段中】Theseletterscorrespondtotwoantigens(抗原),AandB.】PeoplewithABbloodhavebothantigens,thosewithAorBhaveonlyone,andpeoplewithOhavenoantigensatall.2【段首】【Ifyou’vehadabloodtransfusion(輸血),youareprobablyawarethatyourbloodtypedetermineswhichbloodyoucanreceive.Maybeyou’llthinkthatyoushouldplanyourmealsbasedonyourbloodtype.】3【段中】