2024年高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)-細(xì)節(jié)理解題（解題技巧）（解析版）

2/2題型01細(xì)節(jié)理解題命題特點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考試在快速閱讀文章的同時(shí)，能從文中獲取某些特定的信息。細(xì)節(jié)理解題涉及體裁廣泛，從題干信息中較易看出，但要求考生務(wù)必忠實(shí)于原文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，不能主觀臆斷?？疾榉较蚣?xì)節(jié)理解題包括直接信息題、間接信息題、數(shù)字計(jì)算題和順序排列題。細(xì)節(jié)理解題在高考閱讀理解中占有相當(dāng)大的比例，幾乎占據(jù)了閱讀理解總題量的一半甚至以上?？疾閮?nèi)容涉及時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、原因、結(jié)果、方式以及在議論文中可以涉及例證的細(xì)節(jié)和定義類的細(xì)節(jié)。命題規(guī)律舉例和比喻處?？剂信e、排比處常考指示代詞出現(xiàn)處?？家萌宋镉^點(diǎn)處?？继厥鈽?biāo)點(diǎn)符號后的內(nèi)容?？冀哪觊喿x理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題考點(diǎn)細(xì)目年份卷別題號2023新高考I卷21、23、24、26、28、332023新高考II卷21、22、23、24、25、27、29、32、352022新高考I卷22、25、26、27、32、332022新高考II卷21、22、23、25、26、27、29、342021新高考I卷21、22、23、24、26、27、28、322021新高考Ⅱ卷21、22、23、24、27、28、30、32、33、34細(xì)節(jié)理解題解題思路利用“跳讀法”：帶著問題找答案；無需通篇看全文；迅速定位與題目相關(guān)的信息；對比選項(xiàng)與原文進(jìn)行信息加工比對；準(zhǔn)確選定答案。利用“順藤摸瓜”：根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“藤”，在原文尋找相同或近似的詞“瓜”。這種方法一般適用于間接信息題和是非推斷題。利用“計(jì)算法”：適合數(shù)字計(jì)算題。先弄清問題再對比原文數(shù)字和單位，關(guān)注細(xì)節(jié)，精準(zhǔn)計(jì)算。利用“首尾定位法”：先找出最先發(fā)生的事和最后發(fā)生的事，迅速縮小選擇范圍，從而迅速選出正確答案。這種方法主要適用于順序排列題。命題點(diǎn)01直接信息題【典例01】【2023年全國乙卷A篇】PRACTITIONERSRebeccaLeeCrumpler(1831—1895)workedasanurseforeightyearsbeforestudyinginmedicalcollegeinBostonin1860.Fouryearslater,shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoreceiveamedicaldegree.ShemovedtoVirginiain1865,wheresheprovidedmedicalcaretofreedslaves.23.WhowasthefirstAfricanAmericanwithamedicaldegree?AJacquelineFelicedeAlmania. B.TanYunxian.JamesBarry. D.RebeccaLeeCrumpler.【答案】D【解析】運(yùn)用“跳讀法”，就可以迅速在文章最后一個(gè)人物介紹的第二句原詞出現(xiàn)thefirstAfricanAmericanwoman，可知，RebeccaLeeCrumpler是第一個(gè)擁有醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)位的非裔美國人?！镜淅?2】（2023年新高考I卷A篇）GuidedCityToursThe2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.3.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?A.TheGooyer,Windmill. B.TheSkinnyBridge.C.HeinekenBrewery. D.DamSquare.【答案】D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.(旅游團(tuán)每小時(shí)從大壩廣場出發(fā)，每天下午1點(diǎn)開始)”，結(jié)合“計(jì)算法”可知，導(dǎo)游城市之旅從大壩廣場開始。故選D。命題點(diǎn)02間接信息題【典例01】【2023年新高考I卷B篇】WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Aditrystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細(xì)菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasfondoftraveling. B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.C.Hehadaninquiringmind. D.Helongedtobeadoctor.【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題?！绊樚倜稀?，對原文多處信息整合。根據(jù)第一段“WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Aditrystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.(當(dāng)約翰·托德還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，他喜歡探索房子周圍的樹林，觀察大自然是如何解決問題的。例如，一條骯臟的小溪流經(jīng)植物和微小生物居住的巖石后，往往變得清澈。長大后，約翰開始思考這個(gè)過程是否可以用來清理人們制造的混亂)”以及第二段“Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細(xì)菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?(在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了農(nóng)業(yè)、醫(yī)學(xué)和漁業(yè)之后，約翰又回到了觀察自然和提出問題的生活中。為什么某些植物能捕獲有害細(xì)菌？哪些魚類會食用致癌化學(xué)物質(zhì)？)”可知，約翰聰穎好學(xué)、好奇心很強(qiáng)。故選C?！镜淅?2】【2023年全國甲卷B篇片段】Terri,whonowrentsahousewithfriendsinWandsworth,SouthWestLondon,saysDIYalsosavesherfromlosinganydepositwhenatenancy(租期)comestoanend.Sheadds:“I’vemovedhousemanytimesandIalwaysliketopersonalisemyroomandputuppictures,so,it’sbeenusefultoknowhowtocoverupholesandrepaintaroomtoavoidanychargeswhenI’vemovedout.”26.HowdidTerriavoidlosingthedepositonthehousesherented?A.Bymakingitlooklikebefore. B.Byfurnishingitherself.C.Bysplittingtherentwitharoommate. D.Bycancellingtherentalagreement.【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)本段最后一句““So,it’sbeenusefultoknowhowtocoverupholesandrepaintaroomtoavoidanychargeswhenI’vemovedout.”可知，Terri是通過粉飾房間，讓它看起來像以前一樣，來避免被扣除租房的押金的。命題點(diǎn)03數(shù)字計(jì)算題【典例01】【2023·新高考全國Ⅱ卷A篇】YellowstoneNationalParkoffersavarietyofrangerprogrammesthroughoutthepark,andthroughouttheyear.Thefollowingaredescriptionsoftherangerprogrammesthissummer.ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone(May26toSeptember2)Whetheryou’rehikingabackcountrytrail(小徑),camping,orjustenjoyingthepark’samazingwildlifefromtheroad,thisquickworkshopisforyouandyourfamily.Learnwheretolookforanimalsandhowtosafelyenjoyyourwildlifewatchingexperience.MeetattheCanyonVillageStore.JuniorRangerWildlifeOlympics(June5toAugust21)KidscantesttheirskillsandcomparetheirabilitiestotheanimalsofYellowstone.Stayforaslittleoraslongasyourplansallow.MeetinfrontoftheVisitorEducationCentre.CanyonTalksatArtistPoint(June9toSeptember2)Fromaclassicviewpoint,enjoyLowerFalls,theYellowstoneRiver,andthebreathtakingcoloursofthecanyon(峽谷)whilelearningaboutthearea’snaturalandhumanhistory.Discoverwhyartistsandphotographerscontinuetobedrawntothisspecialplace.MeetonthelowerplatformatArtistPointontheSouthRimDriveforthisshorttalk.PhotographyWorkshops(June19&July10)Enhanceyourphotographyskills—joinYellowstone’sparkphotographerforahands-onprogrammetoinspirenewandcreativewaysofenjoyingthebeautyandwonderofYellowstone.6/19—Waterfalls&WideAngles:meetatArtistPoint.7/10—Wildflowers&WhiteBalance:meetatWashburnTrailheadinChittendenparkingarea.21.Whichofthefourprogrammesbeginstheearliest?A.PhotographyWorkshops.B.JuniorRangerWildlifeOlympics.C.CanyonTalksatArtistPoint.D.ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone.【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)各個(gè)活動的時(shí)間“ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone(May26toSeptember2)”、“JuniorRangerWildlifeOlympics(June5toAugust21)”、“CanyonTalksatArtistPoint(June9toSeptember2)”及“PhotographyWorkshops(June19&July10)”，利用“計(jì)算法”可知，答案為D。【典例02】【2023·江蘇南通·高三如皋市搬經(jīng)中學(xué)校聯(lián)考期中】Welcometoourstand-upcomedyclassesThisistheworkshopwherebeginnershavegrownintoheadlinersandheadlinershavegrownintostars.Ourworkshopstressesstand-upcomedywritingandperforming—thetwokeycomponentsofstand-upcomedy.Ourclassesareconductedbyaward-winning,comedydirectorandwriterStephenRosenfieldandhisstand-upstaff.Theyareconductedsothatwhenit’stimeforyourclubperformance,youwillhavesolidlywritten,funnymaterialandyouwillbewellrehearsedandreadytoperformbeyondyourexpectations.Thesestand-upcomedyclassesareofferedtobothbeginnersandadvancedstudents.Theworkshopconsistsofgroupclasses,privatecoachingsessionsandaperformanceatGothamorWestSideComedyClub.Seatsavailable:2Startdate:May17thIn-personshow:May20thatGothamComedyClubLivestreamedshow:May22ndonYouTubeFees:Ifyouareafirsttimestudent:$410.Ifyouareareturningstudent:$350.Weacceptcash,checksorcreditcards.Yourinstructor:BeckyVeduccioBeckyhasbeenaprofessionalcomedian,writerandactressforover15years.Shehasperformedstand-upcomedyinNewYork,LosAngeles,LasVegasandLondon.Besides,shehasappearedincommercials,theaterandfeaturefilms.Andshecompetedinthe2018seasonofAmerica’sGotTalent.HerfilmworksincludeReturntoMe,MaidinManhattanandRandomHearts.Asawriter,shewaschosenasoneofParenting.com’stopfive“FavoriteMommyBloggers”forherhumorousarticlesonthewebsite.In2015,shewontheNewYorkPressClubAwardforhumorouswriting.Asaninstructor,Beckyhastaughtstand-upcomedytoeveryagegroup—fromelementaryschoolkidsandteenagerstouniversitystudentsandadults.Shebelieveseveryonehasacomedicvoice.2.Howmuchwillareturningstudentsaveonthefee?A.$10. B.$50. C.$60. D.$80.【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Fees部分中“Ifyouareafirsttimestudent:$410.Ifyouareareturningstudent:$350.(如果你是新生：410美元。如果你是老生：350美元。)”可知，老生可以節(jié)省60美元的學(xué)費(fèi)。故選C項(xiàng)。命題點(diǎn)04順序排列題【典例01】Aschoolgirlsavedherfather'slifebykickinghiminthechestafterhesufferedaseriousallergic(過敏的)reactionwhichstoppedhisheart.Izzy,nine,restartedfatherColm'sheartbystamping(踩)onhischestafterhefelldownathomeandstoppedbreathing.Izzy'smother,Debbie,immediatelycalled999butIzzyknewdoctorswouldneverarriveintimetosaveherfather,sodecidedtouseCPR.However,shequicklydiscoveredherarmsweren'tstrongenough,soshestampedonherfather'schestinstead.Debbiethentookoverwithsomemoreconventionalchestcompressions(按壓)untiltheambulancearrived.Izzy,whohasbeengivenabraveryawardbyherschool,said,“Ijustkickedhimreallyhard.MymumtaughtmeCPRbutIknewIwasn'tstrongenoughtousehands.Iwasquitescared.ThedoctorsaidImightaswellbeadoctororanurse.MymumsaidthatDadwasgoingtohospitalwithabigfootprintonhischest.”“She'salittlestar，”saidDebbie,“IwasreallyupsetbutIzzyjusttookover.Ijustcan'tbelievewhatshedid.Ireallythinkallchildrenshouldbetaughtfirstaid.IzzydidCPRthenthedoctorturnedup.Colmhadtohavemoretreatmentonthewaytothehospitalandwe'vegottoseeanexpert.”TruckdriverColm,35,sufferedamysteryallergicreactiononSaturdayandwastakentohospital,butwassenthomeonlyforittohappenagainthenextday.Thesecondattackwassoseriousthathisairwayswelled,preventinghimfrombreathing,hisbloodpressuredroppedsuddenly,andhisheartstoppedforamoment.Hehasnowmadeafullrecoveryfromhissuffering.What'stherightorderoftheevents?①IzzykickedColm.②Debbiecalled999.③IzzylearnedCPR.④Colm'sheartstopped.A．③①②④B．④②③①C．③④②①D．④③①②【答案】B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過速讀原文可知，第一件事是Colm'sheartstopped，而最后一件事是IzzykickedColm，故選B?！镜淅?2】【2023·湖北·高三華中師大一附中?？计谥小縒iththeavailabilityofeasy-to-useat-homekits,DNAtestingfordogshasbecomeincreasinglypopularamongdogownersinrecentyears.Itcanprovideinvaluableinsightsintoadog’sbreed,healthrisks,andevenbehaviors.DNAtestingtypicallyworksbyanalyzingthegeneticmaterialfoundinasampleofcellstakenfromtheinsideofyourdog’scheek.Thissampleisthencomparedtoadatabaseofknownbreedsandgeneticmarkersassociatedwithcertaintraitsorhealthconditions.ThefirststepinobtainingaDNAtestkitisselectingwhichtypeyouwant.Mostcompaniesofferseveraldifferenttypesofteststhatvaryincostandcomplexity.Forinstance,sometestsjustanalyzeyourdog’sbreedcomposition,whileotherscanassessadditionalgeneticmarkersassociatedwithcertaindiseasesorbehaviors.Thenit’stimetocollectyourdog’ssampleusingtheprovidedswab(拭子)kitorsaliva-collectiontubeincludedwithmostkits.Theswabshouldbegentlyrubbedinsideyourpet’scheekaccordingtothekit’sdirectionsbeforebeingplacedintothecollectioncontainerprovidedbythecompany.Aftercollectingthesample,itshouldbemailedbacktothelaboratoryforprocessingaccordingtoinstructionsgivenbythecompanyprovidingtheservice.Oncereceivedbythelab,ittypicallytakes1-2weeksforresultstobeprocessedandsentbackviaemailormail.Resultswillvarydependingonwhichtypeoftestwaspurchased,buttheygenerallyincludedetailedinformationaboutyourpet’sbreedcompositionaswellasanypotentialhealthrisksorbehavioraltraitsassociatedwiththeirgeneticsthatcouldaffecttheiroverallwell-beingandqualityoflife.Ifyou’relookingforaneasywaytolearnmoreaboutyourpup’sbackgroundwithoutspendingtoomuchmoney,thenDNAtestingmightjustberightupyouralley.10.WhatisthecorrectorderofhavinganDNAtest?①getthesampleprocessed

②rubtheswabgently

③receivetheresult

④selectthetypeoftest

⑤placetheswabintothecontainer

⑥mailthesamplebacktothelabA.④-②-⑤-⑥-①-③ B.④⑤-①-②-⑥-③C.②-⑤-④-①-⑥-③ D.②-④-⑤-⑥-①-③【答案】B【解析】順序排列題。根據(jù)第三段“ThefirststepinobtainingaDNAtestkitisselectingwhichtypeyouwant.(獲得DNA檢測試劑盒的第一步是選擇你想要的類型。)”和第四段“Thenit’stimetocollectyourdog’ssampleusingtheprovidedswab(拭子)kitorsaliva-collectiontubeincludedwithmostkits.Theswabshouldbegentlyrubbedinsideyourpet’scheekaccordingtothekit’sdirectionsbeforebeingplacedintothecollectioncontainerprovidedbythecompany.Aftercollectingthesample,itshouldbemailedbacktothelaboratoryforprocessingaccordingtoinstructionsgivenbythecompanyprovidingtheservice.Oncereceivedbythelab,ittypicallytakes1-2weeksforresultstobeprocessedandsentbackviaemailormail.Resultswillvarydependingonwhichtypeoftestwaspurchased,buttheygenerallyincludedetailedinformationaboutyourpet’sbreedcompositionaswellasanypotentialhealthrisksorbehavioraltraitsassociatedwiththeirgeneticsthatcouldaffecttheiroverallwell-beingandqualityoflife.(然后是時(shí)候使用大多數(shù)試劑盒中提供的拭子試劑盒或唾液采集管采集你的狗的樣本了。在將拭子放入公司提供的收集容器之前，應(yīng)根據(jù)試劑盒的指示在寵物的臉頰內(nèi)輕輕擦拭。采集樣本后，應(yīng)根據(jù)提供服務(wù)的公司的指示將樣本郵寄回實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行處理。一旦實(shí)驗(yàn)室收到結(jié)果，通常需要1-2周的時(shí)間來處理并通過電子郵件或郵件發(fā)回。根據(jù)購買的測試類型，結(jié)果會有所不同，但通常包括有關(guān)寵物品種組成的詳細(xì)信息，以及任何潛在的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)或與其基因相關(guān)的行為特征，這些信息可能會影響寵物的整體健康和生活質(zhì)量。)”可知，做DNA檢測的順序應(yīng)該是：④選擇測試類型，②輕輕擦拭拭子，⑤將拭子放入容器，⑥將樣本郵寄回實(shí)驗(yàn)室，①處理樣本，③接收結(jié)果。故選A。1.（2023年江蘇省蘇北七市二模閱讀理解A篇）Valueformoney?Yes.It’snotcheapbutit’saspecialexperiencethateasilyfillsaday.Plus,it’savaluablecauseworthsupporting.Adults￡14,children5-17andstudents￡6.50,under-4sfree,family￡38(twoadultsandtwochildren)or￡25(oneadultandthreechildren).Howmuchwouldacouplewiththeir5-year-oldtwinsonspayforadmission?A．￡25. B．￡34.5. C．￡38. D．￡41.【答案】C

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Valueformoney?部分中“family￡38(twoadultsandtwochildren)or￡25(oneadultandthreechildren).(家庭

38英鎊(兩名成人和兩名兒童)或25英鎊(一名成人和三名兒童))”可知，一對夫婦和他們兩個(gè)5歲的雙胞胎兒子的門票是38英鎊。故選C項(xiàng)。2.（湖北省高中名校聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高三聯(lián)合測評試題）Scienceisaprocessthatbuildsuponexistingtheoriesandknowledgebycontinuouslyrevisingthem.Everyaspectofscientificknowledgecanbequestioned,includingthegeneralrulesofthinkingthatappeartobemostcertain.Sowhyissciencetrustworthyifitisalwayschanging?IftomorrowwewillnolongerseetheworldasNewtonorEinsteinfoundittobe,whyshouldwetakeseriouslytoday’sscientificdescriptionoftheworld?Theanswerissimple:Becauseatanygivenmomentofourhistory,thisdescriptionoftheworldisthebestwehave.Thefactthatitcanbemadebettercan’tdiminish(降低)thefactthatitisausefulinstrumentforunderstandingtheworld.Considerafolkhealer’sherbalmedicine.Canwesaythistreatmentis“scientific”?...13．Whatcanwelearnabouttoday’sscientificdescriptionoftheworld?A．Itcanbetimeless. B．Itcanbeimproved.C．Itisoflittlevalue. D．Itisthebestatanymoment.【答案】13．B【解析】本文是一篇議論文。文章論述了盡管科學(xué)總是在變化，但是它還是值得信賴的原因。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theanswerissimple:Becauseatanygivenmomentofourhistory,thisdescriptionoftheworldisthebestwehave.Thefactthatitcanbemadebettercan’tdiminish(降低)thefactthatitisausefulinstrumentforunderstandingtheworld.(答案很簡單：因?yàn)樵谖覀儦v史的任何時(shí)刻，這種對世界的描述都是我們擁有的最好的描述。它可以變得更好這一事實(shí)不能削弱它是理解世界的有用工具這一事實(shí))”可知，今天對世界的科學(xué)描述還可以改進(jìn)。故選B。3.（福建省福州高級中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三10月試題）Howdoesanecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng))work?Whatmakesthepopulationsofdifferentspeciesthewaytheyare?Whyaretheresomanyfliesandsofewwolves?Tofindananswer,scientistshavebuiltmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs,notingwhoeatswhomandhowmucheachoneeats.Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.Mostfoodwebs,forinstance,consistofmanyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones.Whenapredator(掠食動物)alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey(獵物),thetwospeciesarestronglylinked;whenapredatorlivesonvariousspecies,theyareweaklylinked.Foodwebsmaybedominatedbymanyweaklinksbecausethatarrangementismorestableoverthelongterm.Ifapredatorcaneatseveralspecies,itcansurvivetheextinction(滅絕)ofoneofthem.Andifapredatorcanmoveontoanotherspeciesthatiseasiertofindwhenapreyspeciesbecomesrare,theswitchallowstheoriginalpreytorecover.Theweaklinksmaythuskeepspeciesfromdrivingoneanothertoextinction.Mathematicalmodelshavealsorevealedthatfoodwebsmaybeunstable,wheresmallchangesoftoppredatorscanleadtobigeffectsthroughoutentireecosystems.Inthe1960s,scientistsproposedthatpredatorsatthetopofafoodwebhadasurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopulationsofotherspecies—includingspeciestheydidnotdirectlyattack.Andunplannedhumanactivitieshaveprovedtheideaoftop-downcontrolbytoppredatorstobetrue.Intheocean,wefishedfortoppredatorssuchascodonanindustrialscale,whileonland,wekilledofflargepredatorssuchaswolves.Theseactionshavegreatlyaffectedtheecologicalbalance.Scientistshavebuiltanearly-warningsystembasedonmathematicalmodels.Ideally,thesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.Preventioniskey,scientistssay,becauseonceecosystemspasstheirtippingpoint(臨界點(diǎn)),itisremarkablydifficultforthemtoreturn.11．Whathavescientistsdiscoveredwiththehelpofmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs?A．Thelivinghabitsofspeciesinfoodwebs.B．Therulesgoverningfoodwebsoftheecosystems.C．Theapproachestostudyingthespeciesintheecosystems.D．Thedifferencesbetweenweakandstronglinksinfoodwebs.12．Astronglinkisfoundbetweentwospecieswhenapredator________.A．hasawidefoodchoiceB．caneasilyfindnewpreyC．stickstoonepreyspeciesD．canquicklymovetoanotherplace【答案】11．B12．C13．D14．A15．D【解析】這是一篇說明文。本文介紹了借助食物網(wǎng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些食物網(wǎng)運(yùn)行的關(guān)鍵原則?？茖W(xué)家們說一個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)越過了它的臨界點(diǎn)，它們很難再回來?？茖W(xué)家們已經(jīng)建立了一個(gè)基于數(shù)學(xué)模型的預(yù)警系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)將會發(fā)出信號告訴我們?nèi)祟惢顒诱龑⑸鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)推向崩潰，允許我們采取措施將生態(tài)系統(tǒng)從邊緣拉回來。11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.可知，借助食物網(wǎng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了食物網(wǎng)中的一些關(guān)鍵原則。故選B。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Whenapredator(掠食動物)alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey(獵物),thetwospeciesarestronglylinked;whenapredatorlivesonvariousspecies,theyareweaklylinked.可知，當(dāng)捕食者總是吃大量的單一獵物，這兩個(gè)物種是緊密相連的。故選C。4.（安徽皖江名校聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高三10月試題）Herearethebooksthatoftenappearonhigh-schoolreadinglistsfor12th-gradestudents,andareoftendiscussedingreaterdepthincollegeliteraturecourses.Thebooksonthislistareimportantintroductionstoworldliterature.TheSeagullByAntonChekhovPrice:$40.4Thebookisascene-of-lifereadsetintheRussiancountrysideattheendofthe19thcentury.Allcharactersaredissatisfiedwiththeirlives.Somewantlove.Somewantsuccess.Noone,however,everseemstogethappiness.SomepeopleviewTheSeagullasatragic(悲劇的)playaboutalwaysunhappypeople.Othersseeitasahumorousandbitterbook,makingfunofhumans’foolishness.CandideByVoltairePrice:$48.6VoltaireoffershisviewofsocietyinCandide.Thebookwaspublishedin1759,anditisoftenconsideredtheauthor’smostimportantwork.Asimple-mindedyoungman,Candideissurehisworldisthebestofallworlds,butatriparoundtheworldopenshiseyesaboutwhathebelievestobetrue.JaneEyreByCharlotteBrontePrice:$128.6CharlotteBronte’sheroinewasoneofthefirstinEnglishliteraturetoserveasfirst-personnarrator(講述者)ofherownlifestory.Janefindslovewitharichman,Rochester,butonherownterms,andonlyafterhehasprovenhimselfworthyofher.TheBluestEyeByToniMorrisonPrice:$28.6ToniMorrison’sstoryofPecolaBreedlove,ayoungAfricanAmericangirlwhodreamsofhavingblueeyes—asignofacceptanceinaworldruledbywhiteconceptions(概念)ofbeauty.21．WhatisspecialaboutTheSeagull?A．People’sideastoitarequitedifferent.B．Charactersinitarehappywiththeirlife.C．Allcharactersmaketheirdreamtruefinally.D．IttellsthelifeinAmericaintheearly1960s.22．WhatchangesCandide’sideaaboutawonderfulworld?A．Abadluckhemeetsinlife. B．Abookhereadaccidentally.C．Ajourneyaroundtheworld. D．Adreamhemakesatnight.23．Whichwouldyouchooseifyouwanttoreadagirldreamingofbecomingbeautiful?A．TheSeagull. B．Candide. C．JaneEyre. D．TheBluestEye.【答案】21．A22．C23．D【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。全文講述了適合高中生閱讀的四本書。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從TheSeagull中“SomepeopleviewTheSeagullasatragic(悲劇的)playaboutalwaysunhappypeople.Othersseeitasahumorousandbitterbook,makingfunofhumans’foolishness.(有些人認(rèn)為《海鷗》是一部關(guān)于總是不快樂的人的悲劇的劇。其他人則認(rèn)為這是一本幽默而苦澀的書，取笑人類的愚蠢。)”可知，人們對《海鷗》的看法大不相同。故選A項(xiàng)。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從Candide中“Asimple-mindedyoungman,Candideissurehisworldisthebestofallworlds,butatriparoundtheworldopenshiseyesaboutwhathebelievestobetrue.(Candide是一個(gè)頭腦簡單的年輕人，他確信自己的世界是世界上最好的，但環(huán)游世界讓他看到了他所相信的真實(shí)。)”可知，是一次環(huán)球旅行讓Candide改變了對完美世界的看法。故選C項(xiàng)。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從TheBluestEye中“ToniMorrison’sstoryofPecolaBreedlove,ayoungAfricanAmericangirlwhodreamsofhavingblueeyes—asignofacceptanceinaworldruledbywhiteconceptions(概念)ofbeauty.(托尼·莫里森（ToniMorrison）講述了佩科拉·布雷德洛夫（PecolaBreedlove）的故事，她是一個(gè)年輕的非裔美國女孩，夢想擁有一雙藍(lán)色的眼睛——這是在一個(gè)由白人美麗觀念統(tǒng)治的世界中被接受的標(biāo)志。)”可知，這是一本關(guān)于一個(gè)女孩想把眼睛變成白人認(rèn)為最美的藍(lán)色的故事。故選D項(xiàng)。5.（江蘇省前黃高級中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三學(xué)情檢測）Withanabundanceofsunandwind,SpainispositioningitselfasEurope’sfutureleaderingreenhydrogenproductiontocleanupheavyindustries.Butsomeenergyexpertsexpresscautionbecausethisprocessreliesonmassiveavailabilityofzero-carbonelectricity.Greenhydrogeniscreatedwhenrenewableenergysourcespoweranelectricalcurrentthatrunsthroughwater,separatingitshydrogenandoxygenmolecules(分子).Theprocessdoesn’tproduceplanet-warmingcarbondioxide,butlessthan0.1%ofglobalhydrogenproductioniscurrentlycreatedinthisway.Theseparatedhydrogencanbeusedintheproductionofsteel,ammonia(氨)andchemicalproducts,allofwhichrequireindustrialprocessesthatarehardertostopfossilfuels.Hydrogenalsocanbeusedasatransportationfuel,whichcouldonedaytransformthehighlypollutingshippingandaviationsectors.Spain’slarge,windsweptandthinlypopulatedterritoryreceivesmorethan2,500hoursofsunshineonaverageperyear,providingidealconditionsforwindandsolarenergy,andthereforegreenhydrogenproduction.“IfyoulookatwherehydrogenisgoingtobeproducedinEuropeinthenextmillionyears,it’sintwocountries,SpainandPortugal,”saidThierryLepercq,thefounderandpresidentofHyDealAmbition,anindustryplatformbringingtogether30companies.“Hydrogenisthenewoil.”24．WhyaresomeexpertscautiousaboutgreenhydrogenproductioninSpain?A．Itneedslargeamountsofsunandwind. B．Ithasaneffectonheavyindustries.C．Itcausesconflictsamongcountries. D．Ituseslotsofzero-carbonelectricity.25．WhatistheadvantageofgreenhydrogenproductioninSpain?A．Idealgeographicalconditions. B．Thesupportfromgovernment.C．Hydrogenproductiontechnology. D．We