2023-2024學年山東省濰坊市高三上學期1月期末考試英語試題(解析版)

高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1山東省濰坊市2023-2024學年高三上學期1月期末英語試題第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AIfyou’reanEnglishlearneroranEnglishspeakerlookingtowidenyourvocabulary,agooddictionaryappisamust.Dictionary.comIfyou’relookingforareliableanduser-friendlydictionaryapp,Dictionary.comhasoneforyou.Itprovidesinstantaccesstoavastcollectionofdefinitions,synonymsandevenworksoffline.Additionally,itprovidesdailywordquizzes,articlesandtrendingwordliststokeepusersengagedandexpandtheirvocabulary.Merriam-WebsterMerriam-Websterisawell-knownandhighlytrusteddictionary.Theappprovidesqualitydefinitions,audiopronunciationsandusageexamplesinanon-the-goformatavailableoffline.Itletsyousavefavorites,hasawordofthedayandkeepstrackofyourrecentsearches.Theappalsoprovidesaccesstoathesaurus,wordpuzzlesandquizzestoenhanceyourvocabularyskills.Theappevenletsyousearchforwordsbyspeakingthem!FluentUFluentUtakesreal-worldvideos-likemusicvideos,movietrailers,newsandinspiringtalks-andturnsthemintopersonalizedlanguagelearninglessons.FluentUmakesitreallyeasytowatchEnglishvideos.ThebestpartisthatFluentUkeepstrackofthevocabularythatyou’relearningandgivesyouextrapracticewithdifficultwords.Itevenremindsyouwhenit’stimetoreview!Everylearnerhasatrulypersonalizedexperience,evenifthey’relearningwiththesamevideo.DictBoxDietBoxisacomprehensiveofflinedictionaryandtranslatorappforover50languages,allinoneplace.Eachwordcomeswithadetaileddefinition,synonymsandexamplesentences.Witharegisteredaccount,yougetaccesstotheirurbandictionaryforslangwords,apicturedictionaryforvisuallearners,theabilitytobackupandupdatewordlistsacrossdevicesandanad-freeexperienceintheapp.1.Whichappallowsuserstoplayawordgame?A.D. B.Merriam-Webster.C.FluentU. D.DictBox.2.WhatisthemostappealingcharacteristicofFluentU?A.PresentingEnglishvideos.B.Providingscheduledcourses.C.Tracingthelearningprocess.D.Transformingvideosintolessons.3.HowisDictBoxdifferentfromtheotherapps?A.Itprovideswordtests.B.Ithasnoadvertisement.C.ItcanbeusedwithoutInternet.D.Itoffersmembersextraresources.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要為英語學習者介紹了幾款英語詞典app?！敬鸢浮?.B2.C3.D【1題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章Merriam-Webster部分“Theappalsoprovidesaccesstoathesaurus,wordpuzzlesandquizzestoenhanceyourvocabularyskills.(該應用程序還提供了對詞庫、字謎和測驗的訪問，以提高你的詞匯技能)”可知，Merriam-Webster允許用戶玩字謎。故選B項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章FluentU部分“ThebestpartisthatFluentUkeepstrackofthevocabularythatyou’relearningandgivesyouextrapracticewithdifficultwords.Itevenremindsyouwhenit’stimetoreview!(最棒的是，FluentU可以跟蹤你正在學習的詞匯，并為你提供額外的困難單詞練習。它甚至會提醒你什么時候該復習了！)”可知，FluentU最吸引人的特點是跟蹤學習過程。故選C項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章DictBox部分“Witharegisteredaccount,yougetaccesstotheirurbandictionaryforslangwords,apicturedictionaryforvisuallearners,theabilitytobackupandupdatewordlistsacrossdevicesandanad-freeexperienceintheapp.(有了注冊帳戶，你就可以使用他們的城市俚語詞典，視覺學習者的圖片詞典，跨設備備份和更新單詞列表的功能，并且獲得應用程序中的無廣告體驗)”可知，DictBox的不同之處在于可以為會員提供額外資源。故選D項。BWhenmostkidsgotothebeach,they’retoofocusedonmakingsandcastlesandsplashingaroundtonoticelitter,butseveralyearsago,for7-year-oldCashDaniels,noticingaplasticstrawsparkedalifelongpassionforsavingtheplanet.Cash,whoisnowknownasthe“conservationkid”,hasalwayslovednature.HegrewupfishingalongtheChattanoogaRiver,afterall!Butoncehelearnedthat80percentofalltrashfromlandandriversendsupintheocean,hecouldn’tsitback.Hestartedwithcleanupsalongtheriver,somethingthatquicklywentfromafamilyaffairtoacommunityeffortwithvolunteersandneighbors.In2019,Cash,togetherwithaCanadianconservationist,EllaGalaski-Rossen,startedanonprofitcalledtheCleanupKids.Despitelivingindifferentcountries,theymanagedtocreateeducationalvideosontheirYouTubechannel.“WehopetobeareallybignonprofitthateliminatesplasticintheU.S.andCanada,”Cashsaid.“Wewanttoinformkidsandadultsinthelandlockedstatesonhowtheiractionsareconnectedtothewaterandtheocean,”Cashsaid.CashwasselectedasoneofAmerica’stop10youthvolunteersof2021bythePrudentialSpiritofCommunityAwards.HealsoearnedthetitleofNationalHonoree,wherehereceiveda$5,000granttogotoanonprofitofhischoice,andhebecamethefirstpersontowintheYouthConservationistAwardtwoyearsinarowfromtheTennesseeWildlifeFederation.“Iwanttotraveltheworld,teachothers,andhelpthemfeelconnectedtotheocean.Becauseifyouareconnectedtotheocean-ifyouloveitandwhatlivesinit—you’llwanttoprotectit,”hesaid.“Thisismyfun,anditbecomesmorefunwitheverynewdiscovery.”4.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedwords“sitback”inparagraph2?A.Fallasleep. B.Loseheart.C.Turnablindeye. D.Lendahand.5.WhatisthepurposeofstartingtheCleanupKids?A.Torecyclewasteplastics.B.Tomakeinstructivevideos.C.Tospreadmarineknowledge.D.Toappealforoceanprotection.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesCashDaniels?A.Sympatheticanddevoted. B.Initiativeandtalented.C.Ambitiousandhumorous. D.Determinedandmodest.7.WhatdoesCashDanielsstoryimply?A.Passionfuelsdreams.B.Greatmindsthinkalike.C.Helpingothersisofgreatfun.D.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文，文章主要講的是CashDaniels熱愛大自然，他從7歲開始就對保護地球充滿了熱情，他先從清理河流沿岸開始，并將此發(fā)展成一項人們可以廣泛參與的活動。他被評選為2021年美國十大青年志愿者之一。【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.A【4題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據文章第二段劃線詞之前“HegrewupfishingalongtheChattanoogaRiver,afterall!Butoncehelearnedthat80percentofalltrashfromlandandriversendsupintheocean,hecouldn’t(畢竟，他是在Chattanooga河邊釣魚長大的！但當他了解到80%來自陸地和河流的垃圾最終都進入了海洋后，他就不能再這么做了)”以及第三段開頭“Hestartedwithcleanupsalongtheriver,somethingthatquicklywentfromafamilyaffairtoacommunityeffortwithvolunteersandneighbors.(他從清理河流開始，這件事很快就從家庭事務變成了志愿者和鄰居的社區(qū)努力。)”可知當CashDaniels看到了解到80%來自陸地和河流的垃圾最終都進入了海洋以后，他開始對河流岸邊的垃圾進行了清理，最終這件事成為了人們可以廣泛參與的活動，由此可以推測CashDaniels對于最終都進入了海洋的垃圾沒有置之不理，而是采取了積極的行動，所以劃線詞的意思與C項Turnablindeye(視而不見)意思相近，故選C項。【5題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第三段““Wewanttoinformkidsandadultsinthelandlockedstatesonhowtheiractionsareconnectedtothewaterandtheocean,”Cashsaid.(卡什說：“我們想讓內陸各州的孩子和成年人了解他們的行為與水和海洋的關系?！?”可知theCleanupKids的目的是讓內陸各州的孩子和成年人了解他們的行為與水和海洋的關系，即呼吁人們保護海洋。故選D項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據文章第一段“Cash,whoisnowknownasthe“conservationkid”,hasalwayslovednature.HegrewupfishingalongtheChattanoogaRiver,afterall!Butoncehelearnedthat80percentofalltrashfromlandandriversendsupintheocean,hecouldn’tsitback.(Cash現在被稱為“環(huán)保孩子”，他一直熱愛大自然。畢竟，他是在Chattanooga河邊釣魚長大的！但當他了解到80%來自陸地和河流的垃圾最終進入海洋時，他不能坐視不管。)”可知Cash熱愛大自然，關心環(huán)境，所以他是富有同情心的，根據文章最后一段““Iwanttotraveltheworld,teachothers,andhelpthemfeelconnectedtotheocean.Becauseifyouareconnectedtotheocean-ifyouloveitandwhatlivesinit—you’llwanttoprotectit,”hesaid.“Thisismyfun,anditbecomesmorefunwitheverynewdiscovery.”(“我想環(huán)游世界，教別人，幫助他們感受到與海洋的聯系。因為如果你和海洋有聯系——如果你愛它和它的生物——你就會想要保護它，”他說。“這是我的樂趣，隨著每一個新發(fā)現，它變得更加有趣。”)”可知Cash想要環(huán)游世界，教育別人，幫助他們感受到與海洋的聯系，所以他是有奉獻精神的，故選A項。【7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據文章第一段“Whenmostkidsgotothebeach,they’retoofocusedonmakingsandcastlesandsplashingaroundtonoticelitter,butseveralyearsago,for7-year-oldCashDaniels,noticingaplasticstrawsparkedalifelongpassionforsavingtheplanet.(當大多數孩子去海灘時，他們太專注于堆沙堡和濺水，而沒有注意到垃圾，但幾年前，對7歲的Cash來說，注意到一根塑料吸管激發(fā)了他畢生拯救地球的熱情。)”以及文章最后一段““Iwanttotraveltheworld,teachothers,andhelpthemfeelconnectedtotheocean.Becauseifyouareconnectedtotheocean-ifyouloveitandwhatlivesinit—you’llwanttoprotectit,”hesaid.“Thisismyfun,anditbecomesmorefunwitheverynewdiscovery.”(“我想環(huán)游世界，教別人，幫助他們感受到與海洋的聯系。因為如果你和海洋有聯系——如果你愛它和它的生物——你就會想要保護它，”他說。“這是我的樂趣，隨著每一個新發(fā)現，它變得更加有趣。”)”以及其他段落的內容可知一根塑料吸管激發(fā)了Cash拯救地球的熱情而這種熱情進而轉化成了他的夢想，所以Cash的故事暗示了激情可以點燃夢想。故選A項。CToreducethecarbonemissionsfrompassengerjetsandlong-haultrucks,avastvolumeofsoy-basedrenewablefuelwillbeneeded.Toproduceit,Americanfarmerscouldruinexistingcornfieldstoclearspace,plantmillionsofadditionalacresofsoybeansandshutdownallsoybeanexports.Researchersatstartupsandbiotechgiantsalikehavefoundwaystocreateanewkindofsoybeansthroughgeneticrecombinationthatgeneratesmoreoil.Oneofthestartups,ZeaKalInc.,fundedinpartbyseedgiantCortevaInc.,planstointroduceitsfirstbatchofhigh-oilseedsforcommercialplantingin2024.Scientistshavetrickedtheplantintosustainingphotosynthesisforlongerwithgeneticrecombination,ultimatelyproducingmoreoilaswellasmoreprotein.Companiesareracingtobuildmorecapacitytoprocesssoy,acriticalcomponentforexpandinggreenfuelsupplies.Taxcreditsmakecompaniesinthetransportationindustryswitchtofuelwithlowercarbonemission.S&PGlobalseesdomesticdemandforrenewablebiofuelreaching4billiongallonsin2030,upfromaround2.7billionthisyear.Itprojectsthattheuseofsustainableaviationfuelwilltotal1.7billiongallonsannuallybytheendofthedecade,comparedwithjust182milliongallonsayearnow.Despitethebullishpredictions,thesoy-basedtransportationfuelmarketisstilladropinthebucketforthefuelindustry.Andevenifthenewbreedofhigh-oilseedstakesoff,widespreadadoptionwilltaketime.Farmersmaybereluctanttobecomeearlyadoptersofatechnologythathasn’tyetprovenitsbenefits,especiallyiftheoilcontentcomesattheexpenseofexistinggeneticrecombinationsthatimprovediseaseorpestresistance.ChickenproducerPerdueFarmsInc.hassignedadealwithZeakal,agreeingtopayfarmersahigherpriceforharvestedsuppliesofthenewvariety,whichisgoodforchickenfeedbecauseofitshigherproteinlevels.Iflargeoilcompaniesfollowsuit,thesoybeanmarketmightneverlookthesame.“Wecouldhaveanopportunityfortheoilcomponentofsoybeanstoactuallybecomemoreimportantinsomemarketsthantheproteinaspect,”saysMikeDillon,vicepresidentofZeaKal,“That’saverydramaticshift.”8.Howdidresearchersplantoproducemoreoil?A.Byplantingmoresoybeans.B.Bybanningsoybeanexports.C.Byfertilizingsoybeanfields.D.Byengineeringsoybeangenes.9.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbymentioningthefigureinparagraph3?A.Thecontinuoususeofthefuel.B.Thegrowingdemandforbiofuel.C.Theseriouslackofgreenfuelsupplies.D.Thefiercecompetitionbetweencompanies.10.Whocanchangethecurrentbiofuelmarketaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Companies. B.Farmers. C.Scientists. D.Governments11.Whichcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.Biofuel:ANewWaytoCutDownCarbonEmissionsB.OilierSoybeans:PossibleRelianceoftheFutureFuelC.ABigShift:FromConventionalSoybeanstoAlteredOnesD.GeneticModification:ATechnologytoBreedNewSoybeans【語篇解讀】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了研究人員計劃通過改造大豆基因來創(chuàng)造一種新型大豆，以增加石油產量及其前景預測?！敬鸢浮?.D9.B10.A11.B【8題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段最后一句“Researchersatstartupsandbiotechgiantsalikehavefoundwaystocreateanewkindofsoybeansthroughgeneticrecombinationthatgeneratesmoreoil(創(chuàng)業(yè)公司和生物技術巨頭的研究人員已經找到了通過基因重組創(chuàng)造出一種新型大豆的方法，這種大豆可以產生更多的石油)”可知，研究人員計劃通過改造大豆基因來創(chuàng)造一種新型大豆，以增加石油產量。故選D項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第三段最后兩句“S&PGlobalseesdomesticdemandforrenewablebiofuelreaching4billiongallonsin2030,upfromaround2.7billionthisyear.Itprojectsthattheuseofsustainableaviationfuelwilltotal1.7billiongallonsannuallybytheendofthedecade,comparedwithjust182milliongallonsayearnow.(標普全球預計，到2030年，國內對可再生生物燃料的需求將達到40億加侖，高于今年的27億加侖左右。該公司預計，到本十年末，可持續(xù)航空燃料的使用總量將達到每年17億加侖，而目前每年僅為1.82億加侖)”可推知，作者列舉這些數據是為了說明對可再生生物燃料的需求會越來越大。故選B項?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“ChickenproducerPerdueFarmsInc.hassignedadealwithZeakal,agreeingtopayfarmersahigherpriceforharvestedsuppliesofthenewvariety,whichisgoodforchickenfeedbecauseofitshigherproteinlevels.Iflargeoilcompaniesfollowsuit,thesoybeanmarketmightneverlookthesame.“Wecouldhaveanopportunityfortheoilcomponentofsoybeanstoactuallybecomemoreimportantinsomemarketsthantheproteinaspect,”saysMikeDillon,vicepresidentofZeaKal,“That’saverydramaticshift.”(雞肉生產商珀杜農場公司已與Zeakal簽署了一項協(xié)議，同意向農民支付更高的價格，購買這種新品種的大豆。這種新品種蛋白質含量較高，對雞飼料有好處。如果大型石油公司也這樣做，大豆市場可能會變得截然不同。ZeaKal副總裁邁克?狄龍表示：“在某些市場上，大豆的油成分可能會比蛋白質成分更重要。這是一個非常戲劇性的轉變?！?”可知，如果大型石油公司也像珀杜農場公司一樣，向農民大量購買這種新型大豆，會引起大豆市場的變化，而這種大豆可用作新型燃料，故而會引起當前的生物燃料市場的變革。故選A項?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。根據第一段最后一句“Researchersatstartupsandbiotechgiantsalikehavefoundwaystocreateanewkindofsoybeansthroughgeneticrecombinationthatgeneratesmoreoil.(創(chuàng)業(yè)公司和生物技術巨頭的研究人員已經找到了通過基因重組創(chuàng)造出一種新型大豆的方法，這種大豆可以產生更多的石油)”及第三句第一句“Companiesareracingtobuildmorecapacitytoprocesssoy,acriticalcomponentforexpandinggreenfuelsupplies.(企業(yè)正在競相建設更多的大豆加工能力，這是擴大綠色燃料供應的關鍵組成部分)”及第四段前兩句“Despitethebullishpredictions,thesoy-basedtransportationfuelmarketisstilladropinthebucketforthefuelindustry.Andevenifthenewbreedofhigh-oilseedstakesoff,widespreadadoptionwilltaketime.(盡管有樂觀的預測，大豆為基礎的運輸燃料市場仍然是燃料行業(yè)的滄海一粟。而且，即使新品種的高油分種子能夠開花結果，廣泛采用也需要時間)”可知，本文主要介紹了研究人員通過改造大豆基因創(chuàng)造了一種新型大豆，該大豆含油量較高，可能能夠成為未來可再生生物燃料的來源。由此可知，OilierSoybeans:PossibleRelianceoftheFutureFuel(高油大豆：未來燃料的可能來源)適合作本文最佳標題。故選B項。DWheneverIorderfoodfordelivery,Iplayalittlegametoguesshowmanysetsoftableware(餐具)therestaurantwillprovidewithmymeal.Sometimesrestaurantswillthrowintwo,threeorfoursetsforjustoneorder.ButIrarelyneedanytablewareatall,andthewastegoesintothetrashorcollectsdustinakitchendrawer.ResearchersworkingwithChinesetechnologygroupAlibabatriedasimpleapproachtothisproblem.Insteadofjustwastefullydolingouttableware,thecompanyrequiredfood-deliverycustomersinsomecitiesinChinatopickhowmanysetsoftablewaretheywantedtoreceive.Thedefault(默認設置)wassetatzero.Theresult,publishedtodayinthejournalScience,wasa638%increaseintheshareofno-tablewareorders.IfappliedacrossChina,researchersfound,theapproachwouldsavenearly22billionsetsofplastictableware.Thestudydoesn’tcovercarbonemissions,butit’ssafetosaythattheimpactwouldbesignificant.Itstruckmeasausefulreminderofthemanylow-hangingfruitsacrosstheeconomythatcancutwaste,andemissions.NudgingitscustomerscostAlibabanothingmorethanafewhoursofsoftwareengineeringtimeandtheimpactitbroughtwasimmense.Theconceptofnudgingcomesfromthefieldofbehavioraleconomicsknownasnudgetheory.Itsuggeststhataslightactioncanencouragegoodhumanbehaviorwithouttheneedforpoliciesthatlimitchoiceoreconomicpunishmentthatraisesthecostofbadbehavior.Tonudgecustomerstoeatbetter,forexample,arestaurantmightorganizeitsmenubylistinghealthyoptionsfirstandburyunhealthyonesatthebottom.Morerecently,somebigcompanieslikeGooglehavealsobeguntousenudgestoadvanceclimateobjectives.Behavioraleconomicsbroadly,andnudgesmorespecifically,aren’twithoutcontroversy.Somemightthinkitassignsconsumersresponsibilityforaddressingenvironmentalchallenges.Butthereisanotherwaytolookatit.Intheabsenceofnecessarypolicy—andpolicyisneeded—companiescanhelpencourageawidespreadshiftofconsumerbehavior.Andallofthatbehavioralchangecanaddup.TheInternationalEnergyAgencyfoundin2021thatsmallbehavioralchangesinenergyconsumptionsuchaswalkinginsteadofdrivingandadjustingthethermostatcouldintotalshaveoff4%ofglobalemissions.Themorethatcompaniescandotofacilitatesuchchanges,thebetter.12.WhatdidAlibabadowithtablewarewaste?A.Itstoppedrestaurantsfromhandingouttableware.B.Itwithdrewunusedtablewarefromcustomers.C.Itupdatedthefood-deliverydeviceregularly.D.Itallowedpickingtablewareatcustomers’demand.13.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“l(fā)ow-hangingfruits”meaninparagraph2?A.Easilyaccessiblethings. B.Fastincreasingorders.C.Exceptionallytoughchoices. D.Widelyacceptedstrategies.14.Whatcanwelearnaboutnudgetheoryfromparagraph3?A.Itbringsabouteconomicloss.B.Itresultsfromconsumptionpolicies.C.Itindicatessmallactionchangesbehaviour.D.Itimpliesbadbehaviourimpactseconomy.15.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Nudgetheoryaffectsbehaviors.B.Goodbehaviorsboosteconomy.C.Nudginghelpsbuildagreenerworld.D.Behavioraleconomicsbenefitscustomers.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。主要通過阿里巴巴踐行環(huán)保的例子介紹了助推理論在環(huán)保方面的影響，即有助于建立一個更環(huán)保，更綠色的世界?！敬鸢浮?2.D13.A14.C15.C【12題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段前兩句“ResearchersworkingwithChinesetechnologygroupAlibabatriedasimpleapproachtothisproblem.Insteadofjustwastefullydolingouttableware,thecompanyrequiredfood-deliverycustomersinsomecitiesinChinatopickhowmanysetsoftablewaretheywantedtoreceive.”（與中國科技集團阿里巴巴合作的研究人員嘗試了一個簡單的方法來解決這個問題。該公司沒有浪費餐具，而是要求中國一些城市的外賣客戶選擇他們想要多少套餐具。）可知，阿里巴巴允許顧客根據自己的需求選擇餐具數量。故選D項?！?3題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據第二段第二句“Insteadofjustwastefullydolingouttableware,thecompanyrequiredfood-deliverycustomersinsomecitiesinChinatopickhowmanysetsoftablewaretheywantedtoreceive.”（該公司沒有浪費餐具，而是要求中國一些城市的外賣客戶選擇他們想要多少套餐具。）及第五六句“IfappliedacrossChina,researchersfound,theapproachwouldsavenearly22billionsetsofplastictableware.Thestudydoesn’tcovercarbonemissions,butit’ssafetosaythattheimpactwouldbesignificant.”（研究人員發(fā)現，如果在全中國推廣，這種方法將節(jié)省近220億套塑料餐具。這項研究沒有涵蓋碳排放，但可以肯定的是，影響將是巨大的。）可知，阿里巴巴一個小小舉動就能在減少浪費，保護環(huán)境方面產生重大的影響，故推知“l(fā)ow-hangingfruits”意為“易于達成的事情”，該短語字面意思是“低垂的水果、容易夠著的水果”，暗示“容易完成或實現”。故選A項?！?4題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段第三句“Itsuggeststhataslightactioncanencouragegoodhumanbehaviorwithouttheneedforpoliciesthatlimitchoiceoreconomicpunishmentthatraisesthecostofbadbehavior.”（它表明，一個輕微的行動可以鼓勵良好的人類行為，而不需要限制選擇的政策或提高不良行為成本的經濟懲罰。）可知，助推理論表明一個小小的舉動就可以影響人類的行為。故選C項?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據第三段前三句“NudgingitscustomerscostAlibabanothingmorethanafewhoursofsoftwareengineeringtimeandtheimpactitbroughtwasimmense.Theconceptofnudgingcomesfromthefieldofbehavioraleconomicsknownasnudgetheory.Itsuggeststhataslightactioncanencouragegoodhumanbehaviorwithouttheneedforpoliciesthatlimitchoiceoreconomicpunishmentthatraisesthecostofbadbehavior.”（阿里巴巴只花了幾個小時的軟件工程時間來推動客戶，而它帶來的影響是巨大的。助推的概念來自行為經濟學領域的助推理論。它表明，一個輕微的行動可以鼓勵良好的人類行為，而不需要限制選擇的政策或提高不良行為成本的經濟懲罰。）及最后一段第二句“TheInternationalEnergyAgencyfoundin2021thatsmallbehavioralchangesinenergyconsumptionsuchaswalkinginsteadofdrivingandadjustingthethermostatcouldintotalshaveoff4%ofglobalemissions.”（國際能源署在2021年發(fā)現，在能源消耗方面的微小行為改變，如以步行代替開車和調整恒溫器，總共可以減少全球排放量的4%。）并結合文章阿里巴巴的例子可知，本文主要介紹了助推理論在環(huán)保方面的影響，即有助于建立一個更環(huán)保，更綠色的世界。故選C項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Theformatyousaveyourphotosincomesdowntoachoicebetweenconvenienceandexcellence,theshort-termeaseofJPEGversusthecreationinRAWofyourbestphotopossible.Ofcourse,itisnoteither-or.___16___.Butforthosetimesthatarespecial,thatdemandgreatercareandeffort,asimplesettingonyourcamerawillhelpyoutakethebestpossiblephotograph.___17___.Theydeterminehowmuchdataisstoredwhenyoupresstheshutter.RAWtypicallycaptureseither12-bitor14-bitfiles,meaningtheycanrepresentbillionsofcolourshadesandtones.JPEGs(limited,to8bits)reproduce,about16millioncolourvariations—plentyforagodbasicshot,butwhenshootingforsomethingspecial,it’salwaysbettertohavemorecolour,morelightandmorecontrol.ItisintheeditingthatyoudiscoverRAW’sedge.Afteruploadingtoyourcomputer,tabletorphone,theimagescanbe“developed”inabasicphotoeditingprogram.Itdoesn’ttakelongtolearntofine-tunetheimages.Evenunder-andoverexposedimagescanbeenhancedtoenlivenshadowsandhighlightswithoutanyofthegraininess(顆粒)thatcomeswithinadequatelight.___18___Becausetheeditingprocessis“l(fā)ossless”,theoriginalRAWfileisunaffectedbyyoureditsandcanbestoredoreditedagainforadifferenteffect.Tomakesureyoudon’trunoutofspacetostoreallthatdata,bringalonglotsofmemorycardsthatyoucanswapintoyourcameraasyougo.___19___Wonderinghowtogetstarted?DigintoyourcameraorsmartphonesettingstochangeformatandexploreRAW.___20___Thenit’stimetoplay.Inaflash,yu’llseejustwhatdifferenceyoucanmaketoyourphotos.A.TakeafewshotsinbothJPEGandRAW.B.Theyarecheapandlight,sothere’snoneedtoeverrunout.C.Digitalcamerashavetwobasicshootingformats,JPEGandRAW.D.VariouscamerabrandshavetheirownuniqueRAWimageformats.E.Butlearninghowtoeditphotosrequiresplentyofpracticeandcreativity.F.Therearetimeswhenafewshotsareallyouneedtocapturethemoment.G.Onceeditedtoyourstandard,theimageiseasilysharedasaJPEGorotherformats.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一個能夠幫助拍出更好的照片的設置?！敬鸢浮?6.F17.C18.G19.B20.A【16題詳析】根據上文“Ofcourse,itisnoteither-or.(當然，這不是非此即彼的。)”和下文“Butforthosetimesthatarespecial,thatdemandgreatercareandeffort,asimplesettingonyourcamerawillhelpyoutakethebestpossiblephotograph.(但是對于那些特殊的時刻，需要更多的關注和努力，在你的相機上一個簡單的設置將幫助你拍出最好的照片。)”可知，空處提出的是平常情況下的拍攝需求，F項中的“Therearetimes”和下文中的“Butforthosetimesthatarespecial”對應。F項：Therearetimeswhenafewshotsareallyouneedtocapturethemoment.(有時候，你只需要幾張照片就能捕捉到那個瞬間。)符合語境。故選F?！?7題詳析】空處為段落主題句。根據下文“Theydeterminehowmuchdataisstoredwhenyoupresstheshutter.(當你按下快門時，它們決定存儲多少數據。)”可知，本段主要介紹了相機的兩種拍攝格式，下文中的“they”指代上文的“JPEGandRAW”。C項：Digitalcamerashavetwobasicshootingformats,JPEGandRAW.(數碼相機有兩種基本的拍攝格式，JPEG和RAW。)符合語境。故選C?！?8題詳析】根據下文“Becausetheeditingprocessis“l(fā)ossless”,theoriginalRAWfileisunaffectedbyyoureditsandcanbestoredoreditedagainforadifferenteffect.(因為編輯過程是“無損的”，原始的RAW文件不受您的編輯影響，可以存儲或再次編輯不同的效果。)”中的“theeditingprocess(這種編輯程序”可知，上文提出了某種編輯標準。G項：Onceeditedtoyourstandard,theimageiseasilysharedasaJPEGorotherformats.(一旦編輯成您的標準，圖像很容易共享為JPEG或其他格式。)符合語境。故選G?！?9題詳析】根據上文“Tomakesureyoudon’trunoutofspacetostoreallthatdata,bringalonglotsofmemorycardsthatyoucanswapintoyourcameraasyougo.(為了確保你不會耗盡存儲所有數據的空間，帶上很多存儲卡，這樣你就可以隨時換到你的相機里。)”可知，空處解釋帶上很多存儲卡的好處。B項中的“they”指代上文的“l(fā)otsofmemorycards”。B項：Theyarecheapandlight,sothere’snoneedtoeverrunout.(它們既便宜又輕便，所以永遠不需要用完。)符合語境。故選B?！?0題詳析】根據上文“Wonderinghowtogetstarted?DigintoyourcameraorsmartphonesettingstochangeformatandexploreRAW.(想知道如何開始？深入研究您的相機或智能手機設置，改變格式和探索RAW。)”可知，空處承接上文，說明完成設置之后應該如何操作。A項：TakeafewshotsinbothJPEGandRAW.(用JPEG和RAW格式拍幾張照片。)符合語境。故選A。第二部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。AsIwalkedtothemarketthismorning,Isawapoorlydressedoldmanwithatowelcoveringhisfacesittinginfrontofashop.I___21___hewasabeggarlookingforcharity.ImadeamentalnotethatonmywaybackfromthemarketIshouldgivehimwhatever___22___Ihad.Afewfeetawaywasayoungmanonthepavement___23___inadrunkenstateandnoonewhopassedbytookany___24___.Ithoughtinmyminditwassomegood-for-nothing,drunkardwhohad___25___allhismoneyonalcohol.Ifinishedallmyshopping,andwalkedbackalongthesameroad.WhenIreachedthebeggar,Iputoutmyhandfullofchange___26___himaskinghimtotakeit.Heshookhisheadasthoughsayingthathedidnotneedit.I___27___andpusheditintohishand.AsIstoodthere,___28___ofmygreatactofcharity,thebeggarslowlygotup,walkeduptotheyoungmanlyingonthepavement,andshookhimawake,___29___himsomethingclosetohisear.Istoodtherewatchingwith___30___ashewalkedtotheteashop,whereheaskedforsomethingforwhichhepaidwiththemoneyIgaveand___31___abread.Hethenwentbacktotheyoungman,andhelpedhimto___32___andeatthebread.HenoticedthatIwasstilltheresohesaid,“Thatyoungboyhasnoteatenfortwodaysandhasnoenergyeventositup.Thatiswhyhe___33___onthepavement.”SuddenlyIfeltso___34___andadmiredthenonjudgmental___35___ofamanwhohassolittlecomparedtome.21.A.decided B.suspectedC.recalled D.admitted22.A.food B.opportunityC.change D.job23.A.suddenly B.obviouslyC.probably D.gradually24.A.chance B.pictureC.advantage D.notice25.A.wasted B.madeC.earned D.raised26.A.towards B.overC.past D.for27.A.shouted B.insistedC.compromised D.commanded28.A.jealous B.confidentC.proud D.hopeful29.A.showing B.leavingC.handing D.asking30.A.joy B.amazementC.thrill D.disappointment31.A.delivered B.sharedC.collected D.brought32.A.sit B.lieC.stand D.wash33.A.begged B.collapsedC.died D.slept34.A.sad B.downC.great D.small35.A.patience B.toleranceC.integrity D.generosity【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章描述了作者在早晨去市場時遇到一個衣衫襤褸的老人在商店前乞討，并決定給他一些零錢。但在與老人互動的過程中，作者發(fā)現他幫助了一個醉倒在路邊的年輕人，用作者給的零錢買了食物給他吃。這個經歷讓作者感到自己的渺小，并對這位老人的無私慷慨產生了敬佩之情?！敬鸢浮?1.A22.C23.B24.D25.A26.A27.B28.C29.D30.B31.C32.A33.B34.D35.D【21題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我斷定他是一個尋求施舍的乞丐。A.decided斷定；B.suspected懷疑；C.recalled回憶；D.admitted承認。根據前文“AsIwalkedtothemarketthismorning,Isawapoorlydressedoldmanwithatowelcoveringhisfacesittinginfrontofashop.”可知，老人衣衫襤褸，所以是作者斷定他是一個乞丐。故選A項?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我心里記著，在我從市場回來的路上，我應該把我所有的零錢都給他。A.food食物；B.opportunity機會；C.change零錢；D.job工作。根據后文“WhenIreachedthebeggar,Iputoutmyhandfullofchangehimaskinghimtotakeit.”可知，此時作者決定把買菜后剩下的零錢給老人。故選C項?！?3題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：幾英尺遠的地方，人行道上站著一個年輕人，顯然喝醉了酒，但經過的人都沒有注意到他。A.suddenly突然；B.obviously顯然；C.probably可能；D.gradually逐漸地。根據后文“Ithoughtinmyminditwassomegood-for-nothing,drunkardwhohadallhismoneyonalcohol.”可知，作者認為那是個沒用的酒鬼，所以是顯然喝醉了酒。故選B項?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：幾英尺遠的地方，人行道上站著一個年輕人，顯然喝醉了酒，但經過的人都沒有注意到他。A.chance機會；B.picture照片；C.advantage優(yōu)勢；D.notice注意。根據前文“Afewfeetawaywasayoungmanonthepavementinadrunkenstateandnoonewhopassedby”結合選項，可知，年輕人顯然喝醉了酒，但沒有人注意他符合語境。故選D項?！?5題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我心里想，那是個沒用的酒鬼，把所有的錢都浪費在酒上了。A.wasted浪費；B.made制造；C.earned贏得；D.raised增加。根據前文“Ithoughtinmyminditwassomegood-for-nothing”以及后文“allhismoneyonalcohol”可知，作者認為那是個沒用的酒鬼，因為他把所有的錢都浪費在酒上了。故選A項?！?6題詳