專(zhuān)題16.3 閱讀理解（說(shuō)明文）（第02期） 帶解析

2019年中考真題英語(yǔ)分項(xiàng)匯編（一）【2019?江西省中考】Everyonefaceschallengesintheirlife,butsomearemoreimportantthanothers.DanielKishhadseriousproblemswithhiseyeswhenhewasborn.Anddoctorstookawaybothofhiseyesbeforehewasfourteenmonthsold.Soonafter,however,hestartedtodoanamazingthing.Hestartedtomakeclicking(咔塔)soundswithhistongue（舌頭）tohelphimmovearound.Muchlikeabat(蝙幅),henowmovesaboutusingsonar(聲吶).Heissogoodatitthathecanrideabicycleintraffic.Heandhisgroup,WorldAccessfortheBlind,teachothershowtousesonar.InthisinterviewwithNationalGeographic,Kishexplainshowtheprocessworks.Howdoessonarwork?＂WhenImakeaclickingsound,itmakessoundwaves.Thesewavesreflect(反射)offsurfacesallaroundandreturntomyears.Mybrainthenprocessesthesoundsintoimages(圖像).It’slikehavingaconversationwiththeenvironmentWhenyouclick,whatdoyouseeinyourmind?"Eachclickislikeacameraflash.Imakea3Dimageofthethingsaroundmeforhundredsoffeetineverydirection.＂Whatisitlikeridingabikeusingsonar?＂It’sexcitingandenjoyablebutrequiresalotoffocus.Iclickuptotwotimespersecond,,muchmorethanIusuallydo.＂Isitdangeroustomovearoundtheworldinthisway?"Muchoftheworldlivesinfearofthingsthatwemostlyimagine.Ihaveahabitofclimbinganythingandeverything,butIneverbrokeabone(骨頭)asakid.＂Howchallengingisittoteachpeopletousesonar?＂Manystudentsaresurprisedhowquicklyresultscome.Seeingisn’tintheeyes,it’sinthemind.＂1.What’sthemainideaofParagraph2?A.Kishexplainshowsonarworks.B.Kishteachespeoplehowtousesonar.C.Kishstartedtomovearoundusingsonar.D.Kishisgoodatridingabicycleintraffic.2.Howdoessonarwork?Choosetherightorder.a.Thesoundwavesreflectoffsurfaces.b.Thepersonmakesaclickingsound.c.Thebrainmakesimageswiththesounds.d.Thesoundwavesreachthepersonsears.A.b-a-c-d B.b-d-a-c C.a-b-d-c D.b-a-d-c3.WhatcanweknowaboutKishfromthepassage?A.Healwayschallengeshimselfbravely.B.Helivesinfearofthingsthatheimagines.C.Hebecameblindwhenhewas14yearsold.D.Hebrokehisbonewhenclimbingasachild.4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowSonarWorks.B.RidingaBikeUsingSonar.C.SeeingwiththeMind.D.HowtheBlindMoveAround.【文章大意】文章介紹了DanielKish因?yàn)閲?yán)重的眼睛疾病，醫(yī)生摘除了他的眼球，不久后，他就用舌頭發(fā)出咔塔聲來(lái)幫助他走路，就像蝙蝠一樣，用聲吶來(lái)走動(dòng)，他解釋了這個(gè)過(guò)程是怎么工作的，舌頭發(fā)出的聲音反射回到耳朵，然后大腦加工成圖像，就像和環(huán)境對(duì)話，不是用眼睛看，而是用大腦看。1.C【解析】段落大意題。根據(jù)Hestartedtomakeclicking(咔塔)soundswithhistongue舌頭)tohelphimmovearound.Muchlikeabat(蝙幅),henowmovesaboutusingsonar(聲吶).不久后，他就用舌頭發(fā)出咔塔聲來(lái)幫助他走路，就像蝙蝠一樣，用聲吶來(lái)走動(dòng)，可知這一段主要講訴Kish開(kāi)始用聲吶走動(dòng)；故選C。2.D【解析】順序排列題。根據(jù)Imakeaclickingsound,itmakessoundwaves.hesewavesreflect(反射)offsurfacesallaroundandreturntomyears.Mybrainthenprocessesthesoundsintoimages(圖像).可知聲吶工作的順序是發(fā)出咔嗒聲，聲音從表面反射回來(lái)，到達(dá)人的耳朵，大腦把聲音制成圖像；故選D。3.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MuchoftheworldlivesinfearofthingsthatwemostlyimagineIhaveahabitofclimbinganythingandeverything,butIneverbrokeabone(骨頭)asakid.他沒(méi)有生活在想象的恐懼中，也沒(méi)傷到骨頭，根據(jù)Anddoctorstookawaybothofhiseyesbeforehewasfourteenmonthsold.可知是14個(gè)月，不是14歲；根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，可知他總是勇敢地挑戰(zhàn)自己；故選A。4.C【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章介紹了DanielKish因?yàn)閲?yán)重的眼睛疾病，醫(yī)生摘除了他的眼球，不久后，他就用舌頭發(fā)出咔塔聲來(lái)幫助他走路，就像蝙蝠一樣，用聲吶來(lái)走動(dòng)，他解釋了這個(gè)過(guò)程是怎么工作的，舌頭發(fā)出的聲音反射回到耳朵，然后大腦大腦加工成圖像，就像和環(huán)境對(duì)話，不是用眼睛看，而是用大腦看。可知這段的最好題目是＂用大腦看＂；故選C?！军c(diǎn)睛】短文閱讀，做題時(shí)要結(jié)合文章的特點(diǎn)，題目涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷，做題時(shí)要在了解文章大意的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合題目針對(duì)不同的題型采用不同的解答方式，比如細(xì)節(jié)理解題，我們要抓住里面的最有效的信息選擇出正確的答案，總之理解透文章是做好一篇閱讀理解的關(guān)鍵。例如：小題1段落大意題。根據(jù)Hestartedtomakeclicking(咔塔)soundswithhistongue舌頭)tohelphimmovearound.Muchlikeabat(蝙幅),henowmovesaboutusingsonar(聲吶).不久后，他就用舌頭發(fā)出咔塔聲來(lái)幫助他走路，就像蝙蝠一樣，用聲吶來(lái)走動(dòng)，可知這一段主要講訴Kish開(kāi)始用聲吶走動(dòng)；故選C。（二）【2019?天津市中考】Therearemanywaystohelpimproveyourhealthlikeeatinghealthyfood.Takingexerciseandgettingmedicalhelp.Buttheeasiestandcheapestwaytoimproveyourhealthisjusttosleepeighthoursormoreeverynight.Thegeneralsleepingruleisthattheyoungeryouare,thelongersleepyouneed.Butregardlessof(不管)age,somepeopleneedtosleepmorewhileforsomeafewhoursisenough.Theproblemwithsleepisthatmoreandmorepeopleintheworldarenotsleepingenough.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganizationoverhalfthepeopleintheworldmaybesleep-deprived.Havinglesssleepnotonlymakespeoplefeeltiredbutalsocausesaccidents.IntheUnitedStatesalone,sleepydriverscauseatleast100,000trafficaccidentsayear.Alsosleepproblemscancausemedicalproblemssuchashighbloodpressure(血壓).Whyaresomanypeoplesleep-deprived?Partofthereasonsmaybecultural.IntheAmericanculture,peopleputahighervalueonworkthanonsleep.Infact,peoplewhosleepalotareusuallyseenas＂lazy＂.Also,youcansometimeshearsomepeoplesayproudlythattheydon’thavemuchtimetosleep.theyonlysleepfourorfivehoursanight.Itseemsthatthelessyousleep,themoreworkyou’lldo.Howdoweteachthesepeopletolearnthevalueofsleep?PerhapstheymaylistentotheadviceofDr.JamesMaasanexpert(專(zhuān)家)insleep.Hesays,＂Sleepislikeacredit(信用卡)card.Whenyousleepless.youareonlyborrowingtime.Youalwayshavetopayitback.Themorehoursyoudon’tsleep,themorehoursyoushouldtsleepto‘payback’thehoursonyour‘sleepcreditcard.’＂Forthosewhovalueworkmorethansleep,theyshouldlistentowhatafamouspersononcesaid.＂Don’tthinkyouwillbedoinglessworkbecauseyousleepduringthenight.Thatisafoolish(愚蠢的)ideawhichisheldbypeoplewhohavenoimagination.Youwillbeabletodomore.＂5.Accordingtothewriter,theeasiestandcheapestwaytoimprovehealthisto.A.eathealthyfoodeverydayB.takeexcrciscasmuchaspossibleC.getmedicalhelpwhenevernecessaryD.sleepeighthoursormoreeverynight6.Whatdoes＂slecep-deprived＂meaninParagraph2?A.Havingagoodsleep. B.Excitedaboutsleep.C.Havinglesssleep. D.Interestedinsleep.7.AccordingtoDr.JamesMaas,whatissleeplike?A.Anhour. B.Areport.C.Acreditcard. D.Apieceofpaper.8.WhatdothewordsofthefamouspersonmeaninParagragh5?A.Sleepingduringthenightisfoolish.B.Sleepingduringthenightishelpful.C.Peoplehavenocourage.D.Peoplealwaysdolesswork.9.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage’?A.TheValueofSleepB.TheValueofStudyC.TheWaysofEatingLessD.TheWaysofMakingMoney【文章大意】本文介紹了睡眠的價(jià)值。文章介紹了有很多方法可以幫助改善你的健康，但改善健康的最簡(jiǎn)單和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8個(gè)小時(shí)或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。世界上越來(lái)越多的人睡眠不足。睡眠不足不僅使人感到疲勞，而且還會(huì)造成事故。文化是造成睡眠不足的原因之一。我們?nèi)绾谓踢@些人學(xué)習(xí)睡眠的價(jià)值？睡眠專(zhuān)家告訴我們：＂睡眠就像信用卡。當(dāng)你睡眠不足時(shí)。你只是在借用時(shí)間。你總是要還錢(qián)。你不睡覺(jué)的時(shí)間越多，＂償還＂你＂睡眠信用卡＂上的時(shí)間就越多。＂一位名人曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)：＂不要以為你會(huì)因?yàn)橥砩纤X(jué)而減少工作。這是一個(gè)沒(méi)有想象力的人的愚蠢的想法。你可以做得更多。＂5.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Buttheeasiestandcheapestwaytoimproveyourhealthisjusttosleepeighthoursormoreeverynight.可知，但改善健康的最簡(jiǎn)單和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8個(gè)小時(shí)或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。故選D。6.C【解析】詞意猜測(cè)題。A.Havingagoodsleep.睡得好；B.Excitedaboutsleep.對(duì)睡眠感到興奮。C.Havinglesssleep.睡眠不足；D.Interestedinsleep.對(duì)睡眠感興趣。句子AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganizationoverhalfthepeopleintheworldmaybesleep-deprived.根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織的數(shù)據(jù)，世界上一半以上的人可能睡眠不足。因此sleep-deprived的意思是：睡眠不足。故選C。7.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A.Anhour.一個(gè)小時(shí)；B.Areport.一份報(bào)告；C.Acreditcard.一張信用卡；D.Apieceofpaper.一張紙。根據(jù)Sleepislikeacredit(信用卡)card.可知，睡眠就像信用卡。故選C。8.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。句子＂Don’tthinkyouwillbedoinglessworkbecauseyousleepduringthenight.Thatisafoolish(愚蠢的)ideawhichisheldbypeoplewhohavenoimagination.Youwillbeabletodomore.＂＂不要以為你會(huì)因?yàn)橥砩纤X(jué)而減少工作。這是一個(gè)沒(méi)有想象力的人的愚蠢的想法。你可以做得更多。＂這句話充分說(shuō)明了晚上睡覺(jué)是有幫助的。故選B。9.A【解析】推理判斷題。A.TheValueofSleep睡眠的價(jià)值；B.TheValueofStudy學(xué)習(xí)的價(jià)值；C.TheWaysofEatingLess少吃的方法；D.TheWaysofMakingMoney賺錢(qián)的方式。根據(jù)Therearemanywaystohelpimproveyourhealthlikeeatinghealthyfood.Takingexerciseandgettingmedicalhelp.Buttheeasiestandcheapestwaytoimproveyourhealthisjusttosleepeighthoursormoreeverynight.有很多方法可以幫助改善你的健康，比如吃健康食品。進(jìn)行鍛煉并獲得醫(yī)療幫助。但改善健康的最簡(jiǎn)單和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8個(gè)小時(shí)或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。和句子Howdoweteachthesepeopletolearnthevalueofsleep?我們?nèi)绾谓踢@些人學(xué)習(xí)睡眠的價(jià)值？可知，本文主要介紹了睡眠的價(jià)值。因此最好的題目是TheValueofSleep.故選A。【點(diǎn)睛】詞義猜測(cè)題是閱讀理解中常見(jiàn)的一種題型，所猜測(cè)詞匯可以是生詞，也可以是熟詞新義，還可以是人稱(chēng)代詞的指代內(nèi)容。詞義猜測(cè)題主要考查考生根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)詞義和語(yǔ)義的能力，突出考查對(duì)語(yǔ)境的分析和把握能力。常見(jiàn)的猜詞法有：(1)利用上下文語(yǔ)境。猜測(cè)任何詞義都離不開(kāi)上下文，所以要借助上下文對(duì)需要猜測(cè)的詞或短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推測(cè)。(2)利用定義或解釋性的線索。閱讀文章中的有些生詞往往在其后會(huì)有對(duì)該詞進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明的短語(yǔ)或句子，利用它們猜詞義較容易(3)利用文章的邏輯關(guān)系答題。如并列、對(duì)比、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等。這些邏輯關(guān)系往往通過(guò)一些相應(yīng)的詞或短語(yǔ)表達(dá)出來(lái)，如but,or,however,so,because等。(4)利用構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)答題。熟記一些前綴、后綴所表達(dá)的意思，不僅可以擴(kuò)大詞匯量，而且?guī)椭覀儾聹y(cè)詞義。第2小題的詞義猜測(cè)題就是利用第1種解題方法。（三）【2019?江蘇省蘇州市】EverydaythereislessandlessspaceonEarthforrubbish.Yeteverydaywemakemoreandmorerubbish.Whatcanwedo?Wecanrecyclesomeofourrubbish.Recyclingmeansthattherubbishwillbemadeintosomethingthatcanbeusedagain.RecyclinghelpsEarth.Anditsavesspaceinrubbishdumps.Halfofeverythingthatweputintolandfillscouldberecycledinstead.Infact,mostthingsmadeofpaper,metal,glassandplasticcanberecycled.Papercanbebrokenintosmallpiecesandmadeintonewpaper.Steelandaluminumcans（金屬雄）canbemelteddown（熔化）andmadeintonewcans.Thesameistrueofglassbottles.Thiscanbedoneoverandoveragain.Recyclingdoesn’ttakeasmuchenergyasmakingthesethingsthefirsttime.SowecanuselessofEarth’sfuelresources.Plasticcanbemelteddown,too.Thenitcanbeformedintoparkbenches,playgroundsandsoon.Somepeoplecallplasticthe"wood"ofthefuture.Thingsmadeofplasticwilllastabout400years-eveniftheystayoutsideintheweather.Nowoodcandothat!10.Theunderlinedword"landfills"inParagraph2probablymeans_____________.A.benchfactories B.placesforrubbishC.greenmountains D.recyclingcentres11.Accordingtothepassage,whathappenslasttothecan?A.Thecanisputintoarecyclingbin. B.Thecanismelteddownandreused.C.Asteelcangetsfilledwithcorn. D.Apersonusesthecorninthecan.12.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Cansshouldbemelteddown.B.Oldnewspaperscanbereused.C.Wecanbuildbenchesthatlast400years.D.Weshouldrecycleeverythingthatwecan.【文章大意】本文關(guān)注的是地球污染問(wèn)題，呼吁人們對(duì)垃圾進(jìn)行回收再利用，保護(hù)地球。10.B【解析】題意：第2段下劃線的單詞＂landfills＂意思可能是_____________。考查詞義理解。putinto投入/傾倒；根據(jù)上文Anditsavesspaceinrubbishdumps.和下文couldberecycledinstead.可知landfills是填埋垃圾的地方，placesforrubbish符合句意，故選B。11.B【解析】題意：根據(jù)這篇文章，罐子最后發(fā)生了什么?考查細(xì)節(jié)推斷。根據(jù)Steelandaluminumcanscanbemelteddownandmadeintonewcans.可知可以熔化制成新罐，故選B。12.D【解析】題意：這篇文章的主旨是什么?考查主旨理解。A.罐頭應(yīng)該熔化。B.舊報(bào)紙可以重復(fù)使用。C.我們可以建造使用400年的長(zhǎng)椅。D.我們應(yīng)該回收我們能回收的一切。根據(jù)開(kāi)頭Wecanrecyclesomeofourrubbish.Recyclingmeansthattherubbishwillbemadeintosomethingthatcanbeusedagain.可知短文介紹的是垃圾的回收再利用，故選D。（四）【2019?浙江省寧波市】Bigdata(數(shù)據(jù))isalotofsetsofinformationthatareputtogethersotheycanbeusedbyacomputerprogram.Thecomputerprogramlooksfordifferentkindsofanswersorpatternsinthedata.Bigdatacanhavedifferentkindsofinformationfrommanysources,suchasinformationthatcomesfromschools,socialmediasites,companiesandgovernments.Onesetofdatacanhavepeople’snamesandaddresses.Anothersetcanhavewhattheylike,wheretheygotoschool,andhowmuchtimetheyspendonthecomputerBigdatacanbeusedinmanyways.Thegovernmentusesittounderstandhowmanypeopletravelonbusesortrains.Thisinformationisthenusedtomakebusortrainsystemsbetter.Someschoolsusebigdatatounderstandwhichchildrenmayneedextrahelpinclass.Theteachercanthengivecertainstudentsmorehelporsupportsothosestudentscansucceedinschool.Companiesusebigdata,too.Ithelpsthemunderstandwhobuystheirproducts.Forexample,onecompanyusesweatherdatatoseewhenpeopleeatthemosticecream.Bigdatacanbeusedforgoodreasons.Somehospitalsusebigdatatopredictifababywhoisborntooearlywillgetsick.Thehospitalcanthentakeextrastepstotakecareofthatbabysoheorshedoesnotgetsick.Bigdatacanalsobeusedforbadreasons.Itcanbeusedtopredictwhichkindsofpeoplearelikelytobreakthelaworhurtothers,eveniftheyhavenotdoneanythingwrong.Howcanbigdatabeusedforgoodandbadthings?Itisbecausethecomputerprogramsusedtolookatbigdataandunderstanditarewrittenbypeople.Peoplethinkacertainway.Becausetheythinkacertainway,theybuildamodelofthoseideas.Theseideasarethenusedtolookatthedata.Sometimes,theseideasarehelpfulforpeopleorbusinesses.Othertimes,badideascancauseproblemsforcertaingroupsofpeople.13.Thisreadingisabout_____________.A.whatbigdataisandhowitisusedB.whatschoolsandhospitalspeoplelikeC.whereimportantdataiscollectedandstoredD.howbigdataiscontrolledbygovernmentsandcompanies14.Onecompanyusesweatherinformationto_____________.A.helpchildreninneedB.knowwhenpeoplewillvisitthehospitalC.findoutwhotidesthebusortrainD.understandwhenpeoplewillneedicecream15.ThemainideaofParagraph3is_____________.A.bigdatacanbeusedforgoodreasonsB.wecanusebigdatainanumberofwaysC.bigdatacanbeusedforbothgoodandbadreasonsD.wecanusebigdatatopreventbabiesfromgettingsick16.Theoveralltone(總基調(diào))ofthisreadingis_____________.A.sadandpersonal B.personalandscientificC.informativebutsilly D.scientificandinformative【文章大意】你了解大數(shù)據(jù)嗎？大數(shù)據(jù)就是將很多信息放在一起，可以供計(jì)算機(jī)程序使用。短文中列舉了很多使用大數(shù)據(jù)的方式，既有好的一些方面，也有不好的。13.A【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)短文第一段的開(kāi)頭Bigdata(數(shù)據(jù))isalotofsetsofinformationthatareputtogethersotheycanbeusedbyacomputerprogram.和第二段的開(kāi)頭Bigdatacanbeusedinmanyways可知，這篇短文給我們講述了＂什么是大數(shù)據(jù)＂以及＂大數(shù)據(jù)的使用＂，故A選項(xiàng)最符合文意，選A。14.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第二段最后一句話Forexample,onecompanyusesweatherdatatoseewhenpeopleeatthemosticecream.可知，某公司使用天氣數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)查看人們什么時(shí)候吃的冰淇淋最多。由此可知應(yīng)選D。15.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)這一段的開(kāi)頭Bigdatacanbeusedforgoodreasons.以及第四句話Bigdatacanalsobeusedforbadreasons.可知，這一段中介紹了大數(shù)據(jù)用于好的一面以及不好的一面，并各自舉例說(shuō)明。故C選項(xiàng)符合文意。16.D【解析】推理判斷題。這篇短文給我們介紹了什么是大數(shù)據(jù)以及大數(shù)據(jù)的使用方式，整篇文章科學(xué)、客觀，并使用了許多例子進(jìn)行解釋?zhuān)棺x者更容易理解。因此整篇文章的基調(diào)是科學(xué)而又具有教育性的，故應(yīng)選D。（五）【2019?四川省樂(lè)山市】Whenhewasnineyearsold,AmericanboyMiloCresshadaquestion:Howmanyplasticstraws(吸管)doAmericansuseeveryday?Hequicklylearnedtherewasn’tasimpleanswer.Theboytriedtoworkitouthimself.Throughlotsofresearch,CressfoundoutthatAmericansuseabout500millionstrawseveryday.Inhopesofreducingplasticwaste,hefoundedtheBeStrawFreeprojectin2011.Cressstartedtheprojectinhishometown–Burlington,Vermont.Heaskedalocalrestauranttostopofferingstrawswitheverydrinkorder.Itwasasimplechange.However,itwouldsavemoney.Andbydoingthat,therestaurantwouldcutdownonitsstrawuseby50percent.Fortheyearsthatfollowed,CresstriedtospreadhisprojectacrosstheUnitedStates.Moreandmorerestaurantsagreedtojoin.Theystopprovidingthecustomerwithastrawunlessheorsheasksforone.LastApril,SeattlebecamethefirstAmericancitytocompletelyban(禁止)plasticstraws.Plasticpollutionhasbeenoneofthemostseriousproblemstoday.Accordingtoscientists,morethaneightmilliontonsofplasticendupintheoceaneachyear.Plasticstrawsareespeciallyterrible.Theymakeiteasyforpeopletogetcomfortablewithsingle-useplastics.Afterhisprojectbecamepopular,Cresstookhisfindingsontheroad.Hehassincespokentotensofthousandsofstudentsaroundtheworld.Hewantstoencouragemorepeopletosaynotoplasticstraws.＂Focusing(聚焦)onstrawsisonesimplestepweallcouldtake,＂Cresssays.＂AnditmakesmefeelthatI,asakid,couldmakeadifference,too.＂17.WhendidMiloCressstarttocareabouttheproblemofstraws?A.Tenyearsago. B.Intheyear2011. C.Intheyearthathewas9.18.CressstartedtheBeStrawFreeprojectinorderto_____________.A.getagoodscoreinscienceathisschoolB.encouragepeopletoreduceplasticwasteC.becomeafamouspersoninhishometown19.WhatdidCressaskarestaurantinBurlingtontodo?A.Stopofferingstrawstoitscustomers.B.Preventpeoplefromusingstrawstodrink.C.Countthenumberofstrawsituseseveryday.20.Plasticstrawsareespeciallyterriblebecause_____________.A.theyarethemostseriousproblemtodayB.scientistspaylittleattentiontotheirinfluenceC.theyhelppeoplegetusedtousingsingle-useplastics21.Overtheyears,Cresshas_____________.①spreadhisprojectacrosstheUnitedStates②askedSeattletocompletelybanplasticbags③countedtheplasticstrawsintheoceaneveryyear④spokentoteensaroundtheworldaboutplasticwasteA.①③ B.②③ C.①④【文章大意】本篇文章難度適中，主要講述如今白色污染已經(jīng)是最嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題，一個(gè)九歲的孩子創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)項(xiàng)目希望減少白色污染，并且講述了他為減少白色污染而做的努力。17.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whenhewasnineyearsold,AmericanboyMiloCresshadaquestion:Howmanyplasticstraws(吸管)doAmericansuseeveryday可知，在他9歲時(shí)，他關(guān)心吸管問(wèn)題，故選C。18.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Inhopesofreducingplasticwaste,hefoundedtheBeStrawFreeprojectin2011可知，他創(chuàng)辦這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的目的是為了減少白色污染，故選B19.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Heaskedalocalrestauranttostopofferingstrawswitheverydrinkorder可知，他讓伯靈頓的飯店不要主動(dòng)向顧客提供吸管，故選A。20.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Plasticstrawsareespeciallyterrible.Theymakeiteasyforpeopletogetcomfortablewithsingle-useplastics可知，他們使人們很容易適應(yīng)一次性塑料，故選C。21.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Fortheyearsthatfollowed,CresstriedtospreadhisprojectacrosstheUnitedStates可知，他嘗試著將他的項(xiàng)目遍及整個(gè)美國(guó)，①是他做的；根據(jù)LastApril,SeattlebecamethefirstAmericancitytocompletelyban(禁止)plasticstraws可知，西雅圖成為美國(guó)第一個(gè)全面禁止使用塑料吸管的城市，②錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)Accordingtoscientists,morethaneightmilliontonsofplasticendupintheoceaneachyear可知，科學(xué)家說(shuō)每年有800萬(wàn)噸塑料被倒入海洋中，不是他計(jì)算的，排除③；根據(jù)Hehassincespokentotensofthousandsofstudentsaroundtheworld可知，他對(duì)全世界許多學(xué)生說(shuō)關(guān)于白色污染的問(wèn)題，④正確，故選C。【點(diǎn)睛】細(xì)節(jié)理解題是考試時(shí)經(jīng)?？疾榈囊粋€(gè)題型。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)，首先要先讀題干，劃題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，再根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位至文中即可找到正確答案。（六）【2019?湖南省郴州市】Intoday’sworld,almosteveryoneknowsthatairpollutionandwaterpollutionareharmfultopeople’shealth.However,notallthepeopleknowthatnoiseisalsoakindofpollution,andthatisharmfultohumanhealth,too.Peoplewhoworkandliveundernoisyconditionsusuallybecomedeaf.Today,scientistsbelievethat10%oftheworkersinBritainarebecomingdeafbecauseofthenoisewheretheywork.Manyoftheworkerswhoprintnewspapersandwhoweavecloth（織布）becomedeaf.Plentyofpeoplelivingnearairportsalsobecomedeaf.RecentlyitwasdiscoveredthatmanyteenagersinAmericacouldhearnobetterthan65-year-oldpersons,becausetheseyoungpeopleliketolistentopopmusicandmostofpopmusicisakindofnoise.Besides,noisewhichisproducedbyjetplanesormachineswillmakepeople’slifedifficultandunpleasant.Itcanmakepeopleillorevendrivethemmad.Itissaidthatacontinuousnoiseofmorethan85decibels（分貝）cancausedeafness.Nowthegovernmentsinmanycountrieshavemadelawstocontrolnoiseandmakeitlessthan85decibels.InChina,thegovernmentistryingtosolvenotonlyairandwaterpollutionproblemsbutalsonoisepollutionproblems.22.Scientistsbelieve10%oftheworkers_____________arebecomingdeafbecauseoftheirnoisyworkplaces.A.inAmerica B.inChina C.inBritain23._____________willprobablybecomedeaf.A.WorkerswhoprintnewspapersB.PeoplewholivefarfromairportsC.Studentswholikelisteningtosoftmusic24.Accordingtothepassage,noisefromjetplanesormachinescan_____________.A.makepeoplesleepy B.drivepeoplemad C.causepeopletodie25.Theunderlinedword"continuous"means_____________inChinese.A.正常的 B.持續(xù)的 C.清晰的26.What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?A.AirPollution B.WaterPollution C.NoisePollution【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，說(shuō)明了在今天的世界上，幾乎每個(gè)人都知道空氣污染對(duì)人們身體有害，然而，并不是所有人都知道噪聲污染也對(duì)身體有害，聲音超過(guò)85分貝，可以導(dǎo)致耳聾，所以在每個(gè)國(guó)家制定法律減少或控制噪音使它小于85分貝。22.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中Today,scientistsbelievethat10%oftheworkersinBritainarebecomingdeafbecauseofthenoisewheretheywork.可知，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，英國(guó)有10%的工人因?yàn)楣ぷ鲌?chǎng)所嘈雜而耳聾。故選C。23.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中Manyoftheworkerswhoprintnewspapersandwhoweavecloth（織布）becomedeaf.可知，印刷報(bào)紙的工人可能變聾。故選A。24.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中Besides,noisewhichisproducedbyjetplanesormachineswillmakepeople’slifedifficultandunpleasant.Itcanmakepeopleillorevendrivethemmad.可知，根據(jù)通道，噴氣式飛機(jī)或機(jī)器發(fā)出的噪音會(huì)使人發(fā)瘋。故選B。25.B【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文noiseofmorethan85decibels（分貝）cancausedeafness.Nowthegovernmentsinmanycountrieshavemadelawstocontrolnoiseandmakeitlessthan85decibels.可知，據(jù)說(shuō)持續(xù)超過(guò)85分貝的噪音會(huì)導(dǎo)致耳聾。continuous的意思是＂持續(xù)＂。故選B。26.C【解析】標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀整篇短文可知，這篇短文主要講述了噪音污染的危害。故選C。（七）【2019?浙江省杭州市】SmileTrainisacharity(慈善團(tuán)體)thathelpsthemillionsofchildrenaroundtheworld,whosufferfromafacialdefect(缺陷).Thedefecthappenswhenababy’stoplipormouthdoesn’tformproperlybeforebirth.Eatinganddrinkingisverydifficultforthesebabies.Thecharityprovidesfreeoperations,whichgivethesechildrenanewsmile,andwithit,newhopeandanewbeginning.Childrenwiththedefectneedallthehelp.Althoughmanysufferersareacceptedbytheirfamilies,sadly,othersarenot.Insomecountries,childrenwiththisdefectareoftenabandonedatbirthbecausetheirparentsfeelashamedofthemorcannotaffordtheoperations.Thegoodnewsisthattheoperationisnotdifficult.Ittakeslessthananhourandcoststhefamilynothing.Thecharityraisesmoneyandfindstherightmedicalvolunteerstoperformtheoperations.ASmileTraindoctorfromtheUKsaid,＂Eachchildwhohastheoperationisgivenasecondchanceatlife.Afteryearsofstayingathome,thechildrencanfinallygotoschoolandbehappy.EveryyearIperformhundredsofoperationsfreeofcostthroughSmileTrain.SomeofthestoriesIhaveheardarequitesurprising.Onenewbornbabygirlwasfoundabandonedonatrain.Luckilyforher,shewasfoundandadopted(收養(yǎng))byapassenger.ThisladythenheardaboutSmileTrainandbroughtthebabytoourhospital.Ididtheoperationandgavehopetothefamily.Experienceddoctorslikemeshareourskillswithlocaldoctors.Inthiswaywemakesurethattheseoperationswillalwaysbeavailable.＂27.SmileTrainisacharitywhich_____________.A.providesfoodandmedicalcareforpoorchildrenB.raisesmoneyforallthedoctorsworkingintheUKC.offersfreemedicalhelptochildrenwiththefacialdefect.D.giveschildrenwithoutparentsnewhopeandanewbeginning.28.Theunderlinedword＂abandoned＂inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto_____________.A.givenup B.dressedup C.calledup D.broughtup29.WhatdidthedoctorfromtheUKthinkofhisvolunteerwork?A.Dangerous. B.Surprising. C.Relaxing. D.Valuable.30.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_____________.A.childrenwiththefacialdefectarebecomingmoreashamedthanbeforeB.moredoctorsaretrainedtohelpchildrenwiththefacialdefectC.fewerbabyboyswiththefacialdefectareoperatedonthangirlsD.doctorsinSmileTrainarealwayswellpaidfordoingtheoperations【文章大意】這篇短文給我們介紹了一個(gè)慈善團(tuán)體——微笑列車(chē)，這個(gè)組織是幫助全世界那些患有面部缺陷的兒童的，給他們提供手術(shù)，給這些孩子新的微笑、新的希望、新的開(kāi)始。27.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第一段第一句話和最后一句話SmileTrainisacharity(慈善團(tuán)體)thathelpsthemillionsofchildrenaroundtheworld,whosufferfromafacialdefect(缺陷)...Thecharityprovidesfreeoperations,whichgivethesechildrenanewsmile,andwithit,newhopeandanewbeginning.可知，微笑列車(chē)是一個(gè)慈善團(tuán)體，它幫助全世界那些患有面部缺陷的兒童，為他們提供手術(shù)。由此可知應(yīng)選C。28.A【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)單詞所在的句子Insomecountries,childrenwiththisdefectareoftenabandonedatbirthbecausetheirparentsfeelashamedofthemorcannotaffordtheoperations.可知，因?yàn)楦改笧檫@樣的孩子感到羞恥或者不能提供手術(shù)的費(fèi)用，這些孩子經(jīng)常在出生時(shí)就被遺棄。givenup放棄；dressedup盛裝打扮；calledup打電話；broughtup撫養(yǎng)，提出。根據(jù)文章的語(yǔ)境分析可知應(yīng)選A。29.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中這個(gè)醫(yī)生所說(shuō)的話Eachchildwhohastheoperationisgivenasecondchanceatlife.Afteryearsofstayingathome,thechildrencanfinallygotoschoolandbehappy…Ididtheoperationandgavehopetothefamily可知，他通過(guò)微笑列車(chē)做了幾百個(gè)手術(shù)，給了這些孩子第二次生命，讓這些孩子快樂(lè)的生活，給他們的家人帶來(lái)了希望。由此可知推測(cè)，他覺(jué)得自己的這份工作是非常有價(jià)值的。Dangerous危險(xiǎn)的；Surprising令人吃驚的；Relaxing令人放松的；Valuable有價(jià)值的。故應(yīng)選D。30.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)短文的最后Experienceddoctorslikemeshareourskillswithlocaldoctors.Inthiswaywemakesurethattheseoperationswillalwaysbeavailable.可知，經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的醫(yī)生與當(dāng)?shù)氐尼t(yī)生分享技術(shù)，確保手術(shù)的成功，由此可知B選項(xiàng)＂更多的醫(yī)生被訓(xùn)練去幫助有面部缺陷的孩子們＂符合文意，故選B。（八）【2019?浙江省杭州市】Amythissomethingthatisnotcorrect,butmanypeoplebelieve.Therearealotofmythsaboutthehumanbrain.Oneofthebiggestmythsisthatweonlyuse10percentofourbrains.Thenextpartofthemythisthatifwecanlearntousetherestofourbrains,thenwe’llbemuchsmarter.Peoplesaythisallthetime,butit’sabsolutelynottrue!Thetruthisthatalthoughwedon’tknoweverythingaboutthehumanbrain,weknowthateachpartofithasanimportantfunction(功能).Modernscientiststhinkthe"10percentmyth"ridiculous(荒謬的).Theothermostpopularmythisaboutbeing"rightbrained"or"leftbrained".Accordingtothismyth,peoplewhousetherightsideoftheirbrainsaremoreartisticandcreative.Peoplewhousetheleftsideoftheirbrainsarebetteratmathandscience.Thisisaspopularasthe10percentmyth,andit’salsowrong.In2013,astudyatanAmericanuniversityexaminedtherightbrainandleftbrainmyth.Accordingtothestudy,weusebothsidesofourbrainsequally(相等地)."It’struethatweusedifferentpartsofourbrainsfordifferentthings.Weuseourleftsideforlanguagemore,andourrightsidewhenweneedtopayattention.Butthereisnoevidence(證據(jù))thatcreativepeopleusetherightsidemoreorthatscientificpeopleusetheleftsidemore.We’vetalkedaboutmyths,solet’slookatafewinterestingfactsaboutthebrain.Firstofall,thebrainfeelsnopain.Second,about75percentofthebrainismadeofwater.It’salsothefattestorganinyourbody.Here’sanotherinterestingfactaboutthebrain.Aroundthetimeyouturn18yearsold,itstopsgrowing.31.Theunderlinedword"This"inParagraph3refersto______________.A.theleftbrainmyth B.therightbrainandleftbrainmythC.theuseofhumanbrains D.thestudyofanAmericanuniversity32.Accordingtothefactsmentionedinthepassage,_____________mayusetheleftbrainmore.A.Robert,whoislearningEnglish B.Kate,whoisdrawingpicturesC.Jenny,whoisdesigningclothes D.Jacob,whoisdoingresearch33.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthehumanbrain?A.Itisgrowingalllifelong. B.Therightsideisusedmorebyartists.C.Somepartsofitarenotusedatall. D.Threequartersofitismadeofwater.34.Thepassagemainlytellsabout_____________.A.thegrowingofthebrain B.differentfunctionsofthebrainC.rightbrainandleftbrain D.myths