中國(guó)的核安全文化建設(shè)

中國(guó)的核安全文化建設(shè)

OverviewontheConstructionofNuclearSafetyCultureinChinaContents1-中國(guó)對(duì)核安全文化理念的吸收與發(fā)展

AbsorptionandDevelopmentofCulturalConceptsofNuclearSafetybyChina2-中國(guó)政府積極引導(dǎo)和推動(dòng)核安全文化建設(shè)

ConstructionofNuclearSafetyCulturePromotedbytheChineseGovernment3-監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)加強(qiáng)自身核安全文化建設(shè)CultivationofNuclearSafetyCulturewithintheRegulatoryBodyPart1中國(guó)對(duì)核安全文化理念的吸收與發(fā)展AbsorptionandDevelopmentofCulturalConceptsofNuclearSafetybyChina

國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)國(guó)際安全咨詢組1986年提出“安全文化”后，中國(guó)積極吸納入有關(guān)規(guī)章。如：

SinceINSAGproposed“safetyculture”in1986,Chinaadoptedtheconceptintorelatedregulations,E.g.

HAF001/02-1995《核設(shè)施的安全監(jiān)督》Safetysupervisionofnuclearfacilities核安全監(jiān)督員……向核設(shè)施營(yíng)運(yùn)單位及有關(guān)單位和人員宣傳國(guó)家核安全政策和法規(guī)，并監(jiān)督其執(zhí)行法規(guī)和貫徹核安全文化的情況。Nuclearsafetyinspectors...publicizenationalnuclearsafetypoliciesandregulationstooperatorsofnuclearinstallationsandrelatedunitsandpersonnel,andsupervisetheirimplementationofregulationsandnuclearsafetyculture.HAF401-1997《放射性廢物安全監(jiān)督管理規(guī)定》Safetysupervisionandmanagementofradioactivewaste安全文化要求從事放射性廢物管理的個(gè)人和組織對(duì)安全具有獻(xiàn)身精神和責(zé)任感。負(fù)責(zé)放射性廢物管理活動(dòng)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和組織應(yīng)建立和執(zhí)行利于促進(jìn)安全文化的制度和程序。Asafetyculturerequiresindividualsandorganizationsinvolvedinradioactivewastemanagementtobededicatedandaccountableforsafety.Leadersandorganizationsresponsibleforradioactivewastemanagementactivitiesshouldestablishandimplementsystemsandproceduresconducivetopromotingasafetyculture.隨著核安全文化概念被工業(yè)界廣泛接受，產(chǎn)生了諸多良好實(shí)踐。Astheconceptofnuclearsafetyculturehasbeenwidelyacceptedbytheindustry,thenuclearpowerenterpriseshavealsodevelopedtheirnuclearsafetycultureandproducedmanygoodpractices.“凡事有章可循、凡事有人負(fù)責(zé)、凡事有人驗(yàn)證、凡事有據(jù)可查”Rulesmustbeinplace;linesofaccountabilitybeclear;verificationbeperformed,anddocumentationbeavailabletoreferto.核安全峰會(huì)

TheNuclearSecuritySummit強(qiáng)化核安全文化，營(yíng)造共建共享氛圍Stepping

up

the

culture

of

nuclear

security

and

creating

an

atmosphere

of

joint

efforts

andshared

benefits理性、協(xié)調(diào)、并進(jìn)的核安全觀arational,coordinatedandbalancedapproachtonuclearsecurity堅(jiān)持培育和發(fā)展核安全文化foster

anddevelop

a

nuclear

security

culture強(qiáng)化核安全文化，營(yíng)造共建共享氛圍。加強(qiáng)國(guó)際核安全體系，人的因素最為重要。法治意識(shí)、憂患意識(shí)、自律意識(shí)、協(xié)作意識(shí)是核安全文化的核心，要貫穿到每位從業(yè)人員的思想和行動(dòng)中，使他們知其責(zé)、盡其職。Steppingupthecultureofnuclearsecurityandcreatinganatmosphereofjointeffortsandsharedbenefits.Thehumanfactoristhemostimportantelementinthestrengtheningofglobalnuclearsecurityarchitecture.Theawarenessoftheruleoflaw,thesenseofurgency,andthespiritofself-disciplineandcoordinationarecentraltothenuclearsecurityculture.Assuch,everyoneworkinginthisfieldmustfollowtheirguidanceinthinkingandactionsothattheywillreadilyunderstandtheirresponsibilitiesandfulfilltheirduties.《核安全文化政策聲明》

PolicyStatementonNuclearSafetyCulture核安全文化：各有關(guān)組織和個(gè)人達(dá)成共識(shí)并付諸實(shí)踐的價(jià)值觀和行為方式的總和NuclearSafetyCultureisthesummationofthevaluesandbehaviorsresultingfromacollectivecommitmentandputintopracticebyrelevantorganizationsandindividuals.八大特征8Features1.Safetyconceptandcommitmentofthedecision-makinglevel2.Attitudeandexemplaryroleofthemanagement3.Participationandresponsibilityconsciousnessoftheentirepersonnel4.Cultivationoflearningorganizations5.Establishmentofcomprehensiveandeffectivemanagementsystem6.Buildingofsuitableworkingenvironment7.Establishmentofquestioning,reportingandexperiencefeedbackmechanismsforsafetyproblems8.Creationofharmoniouspublicrelations法治強(qiáng)化

LegalStrength《核安全法》首次將核安全文化寫入法律條文。Nuclearsafetycultureiscodifiedintonuclearsafetylaw第九條國(guó)家制定核安全政策，加強(qiáng)核安全文化建設(shè)。Article9TheStateformulatesnuclearsafetypolicies,strengthensnuclearsafetycultureconstruction.國(guó)務(wù)院核安全監(jiān)督管理部門、核工業(yè)主管部門和能源主管部門應(yīng)當(dāng)建立培育核安全文化的機(jī)制。

Thenuclearsafetyregulatorydepartment,competentdepartmentfornuclearindustry,energycompetentdepartmentoftheStateCouncilshallestablishmechanismstocultivatenuclearsafetyculture.核設(shè)施營(yíng)運(yùn)單位和為其提供設(shè)備、工程以及服務(wù)等的單位應(yīng)當(dāng)積極培育和建設(shè)核安全文化，將核安全文化融入生產(chǎn)、經(jīng)營(yíng)、科研和管理的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。

Theoperatingorganizationsofnuclearfacilitiesandthosewhichprovideequipment,engineeringandservices,etc.forthemshallactivelycultivateandconstructnuclearsafetyculture,integratenuclearsafetycultureintoeverylinkofproduction,operation,scientificresearchandmanagement.《核動(dòng)力廠管理體系安全規(guī)定》對(duì)核安全文化建設(shè)要求進(jìn)一步細(xì)化。DetailedrequirementsintheSafetyregulationsfornuclearpowerplantmanagementsystemPart2中國(guó)政府積極引導(dǎo)和推動(dòng)核安全文化建設(shè)ConstructionofNuclearSafetyCulturePromotedbytheChineseGovernment核安全文化宣貫推進(jìn)專項(xiàng)行動(dòng)

Campaignonpropagationandimplement兩個(gè)“全覆蓋”FullCoverage覆蓋全體持證單位

licensees覆蓋所有骨干人員

employees兩個(gè)“零容忍”

ZeroTolerance對(duì)弄虛作假零容忍

deceptions對(duì)違規(guī)操作零容忍

violations《核安全文化特征》

Featuresofnuclearsafetyculture統(tǒng)一對(duì)核安全文化良好特征的理解和認(rèn)識(shí)Unifyingunderstanding核安全文化建設(shè)的指導(dǎo)

Guidenceforconstruction

適用于核電廠以及核設(shè)備、核技術(shù)利用、核燃料循環(huán)領(lǐng)域

NuclearPowerPlants,nuclearsafetyequipment,applicationsofradiationsources,fuelcycle

核安全文化評(píng)估參考文件

Referenceforassessment探索監(jiān)督方法

ExploringSupervisionMethods將核安全文化的特征和屬性納入監(jiān)督檢查所發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的根本原因分析。Incorporatethecharacteristicsandattributesofnuclearsafetycultureintotherootcauseanalysisofnon-conformancesdiscoveredduringsupervisionandinspection以宣貫活動(dòng)等形式督促被監(jiān)管單位加強(qiáng)核安全文化建設(shè)。Helpinglicenseesstrengthentheconstructionofnuclearsafetyculturethroughpropagatingandimplementingaswellasotherforms對(duì)有關(guān)核設(shè)施開(kāi)展核安全文化建設(shè)情況進(jìn)行監(jiān)督。Specificsupervisiononthesituationofnuclearsafetycultureincertainnuclearfacilities營(yíng)造共建共享氛圍

Co-buildingandSharing政府引領(lǐng)：能源主管部門出臺(tái)指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)要求加強(qiáng)核安全文化建設(shè)Governmentlevel:guidancestostrengthentheconstructionofnuclearsafetyculture

innuclearindustryissuedbythecompetentdepartmentofenergy企業(yè)作為：制定規(guī)劃，建立制度，打造“863基本動(dòng)作要領(lǐng)”等各具特色的核安全文化建設(shè)體系Licenseeslevel:Developpingplans,establishingsystems,andcreatinguniquenuclearsafetycultureconstructionsystemssuchas"863basicactionessentials"行業(yè)協(xié)同：協(xié)會(huì)組織核安全文化建設(shè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)