山東專用2024高考英語一輪復習課時作業(yè)22必修5TheUnitedKingdom含解析

PAGE課時作業(yè)22TheUnitedKingdomⅠ.閱讀理解AAnyforeignerwhohastriedtolearnChinesecantellhowharditistomasterthetonesrequiredtospeakandunderstand.Andanyonewhohastriedtolearntoplaytheviolinorotherinstrumentscanreportsimilarchallenges.NowresearchershavefoundthatpeoplewithmusicaltraininghaveaneasiertimelearningChinese.WritingintheonlineeditionofNatureNeuroscience,researchersfromNorthwesternOneofthestudy'sauthors,NinaKraus,saidthefindingssuggestedthatstudyingmusic“actuallytunesoursensorysystem”.Thismeansthatschoolsthatwantchildrentodowellinlanguagesshouldhesitatebeforecuttingmusicprograms,DrKraussaid.Shesaidmusictrainingmightalsohelpchildrenwithlanguageproblems.Mandarin(一般話)speakershavebeenshowntohaveamorecomplexencoding(編碼)ofpitchpatternsintheirbrainsthanEnglishspeakersdo.ThisisbecauseinMandarinandotherAsianlanguages,pitchplaysacentralrole.Asingle-syllablewordcanhaveseveralmeaningsdependingonhowitisintoned.Forthisstudy,theresearcherslookedat20non-Chinesespeakingvolunteers,halfwithnomusicalbackgroundandhalfwhohavestudiedaninstrumentforatleastsixyears.Astheywereshownamovie,thevolunteersalsoheardanaudiotapeoftheMandarinword“mi”inthreeofitsmeanings:squint,bewilderandrice.Theresearchersrecordedactivitiesintheirbrainstemstoseehowwelltheywereprocessingthesounds.ThosewithamusicbackgroundshowedmuchmorebrainactivitiesinresponsetotheChinesesounds.Theleadauthorofthestudy,PatrickC．M.Wong,saiditmightworkbothways.Itappearsthatnativespeakersoftonallanguagesmaydobetteratlearninginstruments.本文是一篇說明文。任何一個學過漢語的外國人都知道駕馭說話和理解所須要的聲調有多難。目前有探討人員發(fā)覺，受過音樂訓練的人學習語言更簡潔。1．WhenlearningChinese,aforeignerwillfind________.A．hehasadifficulttimelearningmusicatthesametimeB．hehasaneasiertimelearningmusicatthesametimeC．itishardtomasterthetonesrequiredtospeakandunderstandD．itiseasytousethebraintohelphimdiscoverchangesinpitch答案：C解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據第一段中AnyforeignerwhohastriedtolearnChinesecantellhowharditistomasterthetonesrequiredtospeakandunderstand.可知，任何一個學過漢語的外國人都知道駕馭說話和理解所須要的聲調有多難。故選C項。2．WhydoesChineselearninghavesomethingtodowithmusictraining?A．BecausethereisthesamedifficultyinlearningChineseandmusic.B．Becauseskillstolearnthetwomakeuseofthesamepartsofthebrain.C．Becausemusictrainingmighthelppeoplewithlanguagestudy.D．BecausepeoplewhodowellinChinesestudydowellinmusic.答案：B解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據其次段中researchersfromNorthwesternUniversitysaythatbothskillsdrawonthesamepartsofthebrainthathelppeoplediscoverchangesinpitch.可知，學習漢語和音樂訓練用到的是都是大腦相同的部位。這些部位有助于幫助人們發(fā)覺音調中的改變。故學習漢語和音樂訓練有關系。所以為什么中文學習與音樂訓練有關是因為學習兩種技能須要用到大腦相同的部位。故選B項。3．Theunderlinedword“intoned”inthefourthparagraphcanbereplacedbytheword“________”．A．created B．spelledC．seemed D．pronounced答案：D解析：詞義揣測題。依據第四段中ThisisbecauseinMandarinandotherAsianlanguages,pitchplaysacentralrole.Asinglesyllablewordcanhaveseveralmeaningsdependingonhowitisintoned.可知，在一般話和其他亞洲語言中，音調起著中心作用。對一個單音節(jié)詞而言，當人們對這個詞發(fā)出不同的音調時，那么，這個詞就表達出不同的意思。在第六段中以“mi”為例，這個詞不同的音調就代表著不同的意思。故畫線單詞表達的應是人們對一個單音節(jié)詞的“發(fā)音”，故選D項。BL．M.Pei,theChinese-American,whowasregardedasoneofthelastgreatmodernistarchitects,hasdiedattheageof102.AlthoughheworkedmostlyintheUnitedStates,PeiwillalwaysberememberedforaEuropeanproject:HisredevelopmentoftheLouvreMuseuminParisinthe1980s.Hegaveustheglassandmetalpyramidinthemaincourtyard,alongwiththreesmallerpyramindsandavastsubterranean(地下的)additiontothemuseumentrance.PeiwasthefirstforeignarchitecttoworkontheLouvreinitslonghistory,andinitiallyhisdesignswerefiercelyopposed.Butintheend,theFrench—andeveryoneelse—werewonover.WinningthefifthPritzkerArchitecturePrizein1983,hewasthoughtofasgivingthe20thcentury“someofitsmostbeautifulinteriorspacesandexteriorforms...His_versatility_and_skill_in_the_use_of_materials_approach_the_level_of_poetry”．AfterstudyingarchitectureattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandHarvard,PeisetuphisownarchitecturalpracticeinNewYorkin1955.DesigningtheJohnF．KennedyPresidentialLibrary&Museumin1964establishedhimasaname.HisEastBuildingoftheNationalGalleryofArtinWashingtonin1978changedpeople'sideasofamuseum.Thesitewasanoddtrapezoid(梯形)shape.Pei'ssolutionwastocutitintwo.Theresultingbuildingwasdramatic,lightandelegant—oneofthefirstcrowd-pleasingmuseumsofmodernart.Thoughknownasamodernist,andnotableforhisformsbasedonarrangementsofsimplegeometric(幾何的)shapes,heonceurgedChinesearchitectstolookmoretotheirarchitecturaltraditionratherthandesigninginawesternstyle.Inperson,L．M.Peiwasgood-humored,charmingandunusuallymodest.Hisworkingprocesswasevolutionary,butinnovation(創(chuàng)新)wasneveranintendedgoal.“Stylisticoriginalityisnotmypurpose，”hesaid.“Iwanttofindtheoriginalityinthetime,theplaceandtheproblem.”本文是一篇人物傳記，主要介紹了貝聿銘在建筑藝術方面所取得的成就。4．WhatcanwelearnabouttheresultofredevelopmentoftheLouvreMuseum?A．ItwascriticizedbytheFrench.B．Itwasasuccess.C．ItmadetheLouvreD．ItchangedthefunctionoftheLouvre答案：B解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據文章第三段中的“Butintheend,theFrench—andeveryoneelse—werewonover”可知，最終，法國人以及全世界都被(他的精妙設計)折服，所以貝聿銘對巴黎盧浮宮進行的改建是勝利的。故選B。5．WhatcanwelearnfromtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3?A．Heisamasterinapplyingmaterials.B．Heisskilledinwritingpoems.C．Heoftencombinespoetryandconstruction.D．Hegetsinspirationfrompoetryindesigning.答案：A解析：句意理解題。畫線部分意為“他在運用(建筑)材料方面的才華和技藝達到了詩一般的境界”。A項意為“他在應用材料方面是一個大師”，與畫線部分意思相吻合，故選A。6．What'sthecorrectorderofthefollowingevents?a．DesigntheJohnF．KennedyPresidentialLibrary&Museum.b．StudyarchitectureattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandHarvard.c．DesigntheNationalGalleryofArt.d．WinthefifthPritzkerArchitecturePrize.A．abcd B．bacdC．bcad D．dacb答案：B解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據文章的第三至五段可知，在麻省理工學院和哈佛學習建筑發(fā)生在1955年之前，為JohnF．KennedyPresidentialLibrary&Museum做設計發(fā)生在1964年，設計華盛頓國家美術館東館是在1978年，贏得第五屆普利茲克建筑獎在1983年。故選B。7．WhatcanwelearnaboutL．M.Pei?A．Innovationwashisfirstgoalindesign.B．Hewastalentedandserious.C．Hepreferredwesternstyletotheeast.D．Helikedsimplegeometricshapes.答案：D解析：推理推斷題。依據文章倒數第三段“Thoughknownasamodernist,andnotableforhisformsbasedonarrangementsofsimplegeometric(幾何的)shapes,heonceurgedChinesearchitectstolookmoretotheirarchitecturaltraditionratherthandesigninginawesternstyle”可知，貝聿銘設計的建筑外形都以簡潔的幾何圖形為基礎，故他喜愛用簡潔的幾何圖形。故選D。Ⅱ.完形填空Iwascyclingandnoticedaperson,aboutaquarterofakilometerinfrontofme.Icouldtellhewascyclingalittleslowerthanmeand__1__totrytocatchupwithhim.Ihadaboutakilometertogoontheroad__2__turningoff.SoI__3__cyclingfasterandfasterandevery__4__，Iwasgainingonhimjustalittlebit.AfterjustafewminutesIwasonlyabout100yards__5__him,soIreallypickedupthepaceand__6__myself.Youwouldhave__7__IwascyclinginthelastsectionoftheLondonOlympictriathlon.__8__Icaughtupwithhimandpassedbyhim.OntheinsideIfeltsogood.Ibeathim,ofcourse,buthedidn'tevenknowwewere__9__.AfterIpassedhim,I__10__thatIhadbeensofocusedoncompetingagainsthimthatIhadmissedmyturn.Ihadgonenearlysixblockspastitandhadtoturnaroundandgoallthewayback.Isn'tthatwhathappensinlifewhenwe__11__competingwithco-workers,neighbors,andfriends,tryingtoprovethatwearemoresuccessfulormoreimportant?Wespendourtimeand__12__chasingafterthemandwemissoutonourownpathstoourfuture.The__13__ofunhealthycompetitionisthatit'saneverendingcycle.Andtherewillalwaysbesomebodyaheadofyou,someonewitha__14__job,moremoneyandmoreeducation,etc.Therefore,justtakewhatlifehasgivenyou,yourheight,weightandpersonality.Stayfocusedandliveapeacefullife.There'sno__15__inlife.Runyourownraceandwishotherswell!有一次騎自行車時，我留意到前方不遠處也有人在騎車。為了超過前面的人，我加快了騎車速度，之后雖然趕上了他，卻錯過了自己的轉彎處。人生也是如此，不要總是關注和同事、鄰居、摯友之間的競爭，總會有人比你有更好的工作、更多的錢、接受更多的教化。走好自己的路，人生本沒有“競爭”。1．A.failed B．decidedC．agreed D．forgot答案：B解析：依據語境和第8空后的“Icaughtupwithhim”可知，我看到前面有一個騎自行車的人比我騎得慢，我確定追上他。2．A.before B．afterC．unless D．when答案：A解析：依據下文“我”錯過轉彎處要原路返回可知，此處表示在轉彎之前，我還要走大約一公里。3．A.stopped B．enjoyedC．started D．regretted答案：C解析：依據上文可知，我想趕上前面騎自行車的人，所以我起先越騎越快。4．A.way B．blockC．step D．time答案：B解析：依據下文第四段尾句中的“sixblocks”并結合常識可知，每經過一個街區(qū)，我都接近他一點。5．A.apartfrom B．aboveC．aheadof D．behind答案：D解析：依據上文我慢慢接近他可知，幾分鐘后，我只距離他身后大約100碼。6．Aforted B．protectedC．pushed D．supported答案：C解析：依據語境可知，幾分鐘后，我只落后他100碼左右，所以我加快了速度，給自己加把勁。pushoneself意為“給某人加把勁”。7．A.thought B．