神經(jīng)病學(xué)英文

演講人：日期：神經(jīng)病學(xué)英文目錄OverviewofNeurologyClassificationofneurologicaldiseasesSymptomsanddiagnosisofneurologicaldisordersTreatmentandpreventionofneurologicaldisordersRehabilitationandnumberingofneurologicaldiseasesFrontiersandprospectsofresearchonneurologicalissues01OverviewofNeurologyDefinitionNeurologyisthebranchofmedicinethatdealswithdisordersofthenervoussystemThisincludesthebrain,spinalcord,andothernervesthatcontrolmovement,sensing,andcognitivefunctionsResearchfieldTheresearchfieldofneurologicaldisordersawiderangeoftopics,includingthestudyofthebrainanditsfunctions,thecausesandtreatmentsofneurologicaldisorders,andthedevelopmentofnewdiagnostictechnologiesandtherapiesDefinitionandresearchfieldVSThenervoussystemismadeupofthebrain,spinalcord,andacomplexnetworkofnervesthatconnectsthetwoThebrainisthecentralorganizationofthenervoussystem,responsibleforcontrollingmostbodyfunctionsFunctionThenervoussystemisresponsibleforreceiving,processing,andrespondingtoinformationfromtheexternalenvironmentItcontrolsmovement,sensing,andcognitivefunctionssuchaslearning,memory,andemotionStructureThestructureandfunctionofthenervoussystemHistoryandDevelopmentofNeurologyThestudyofthenervoussystemcanbetracedbacktoambienttimes,withearlyphilosophersandphysiciansspecifyingonthefunctionsofthebrainandnervesEarlyhistoryThefieldofneurologyhasonesignificantdevelopmentinrecentcenters,withadvantagesintechnologyandresearchleadingtoabetterunderstandingofthenervoussystemanditsdisordersThishasresultedinthedevelopmentofnewdiagnostictechniquesandtherapies,improvingthelivesofmanypatientsModerndevelopment02ClassificationofneurologicaldiseasesBraindiseases01Theseincludeconditionssuchasstroke,braintubers,episode,andgenerativediseaseslikeParkinson'sandAlzheimer'sSpinalcoreissues02Thesecanincludespincoreinjuries,spincoretutors,andinflammatoryconditionssuchastransformermyelitisNeurogenicdiseases03Agroupofconditionscharacterizedbytheprogressivelossofstructureorfunctionofnerves,leadingtoproblemswithmovement,alignment,orotherfunctionsCentralnervoussystemdiseasesNeuropathiesThesearediseasesthataffecttheperipheralnerves,oftencausingpain,numbness,orweaknessinthearmsorlegsCommontypesincludediabeticneuropathyandcarpaltunnelsyndromeNeuralgiaAsharp,stainingpaintthatfollowsthepathofanerveandisoftencausedbyinflammationordamagetothenervePlexopathiesDisordersthataffectthenetworkofnervefibers(plexus)thatbranchofffromthespinalcordThesecancausepain,weakness,ornumbnessintheaffectedareaPeripheralnervoussystemdiseasesAutonomoushyperreflexia:Aconditioninwhichtheautonomousnervoussystemoverlapstostimulus,causingabnormalincreasesinheartrate,bloodpressure,andotherinvoluntaryresponsesThisisoftenseeninindividualswithspinalcordinjuriesorotherneurologicalconditionsDysAutonomia:Thisumbrellatermreferstoanyconditionthataffectstheautonomousnervoussystem,whichcontrolsinternalfunctionssuchasheartrate,bloodpressure,anddigestionCommontypesincludeposthumousorthostatictachycardiasyndrome(POTS)andmultiplesystemanatomyAutonomousneuropathies:Thesearediseasesthatspecificallyaffecttheautonomousnerves,causingproblemswithinternalfunctionssuchasswitching,bladercontrol,anddifferentiationAutonomousnervoussystemdiseases03SymptomsanddiagnosisofneurologicaldisordersHeadacheAcommonsymptomthatcanindicatevariousneurologicalconditionssuchasmigrations,tensionheadaches,orevenmoreseriousconditionslikebraintubersorstrokesSeizuresSudden,uncontrolledelectricaldisturbancesinthebrainthatcancausecomplications,lossofconsciousness,oralteredbehaviorWeaknessornumbnessLossofstrengthorsensitivityinoneormorelimbsthatcanbecausedbyconditionslikestroke,multiplescales,orspinalcordinjuriesCommonneurologicalsyndromesDizzinessandvertigoFeelingsofunsteadinessorspinningthatcanbecausedbyproblemswiththebrain,innerear,ornervoussystemCommonneurologicalsyndromesNeurologicalhistoryTakingadetailedhistoryofthepatient'ssymptoms,medicalconditions,andfamilyhistorytohelpidentifypotentialneurologicalproblemsPhysicalexaminationAssessingmotorfunction,sensitivity,reflexes,coordination,andbalancetodetectanyabnormalitiesinthenervoussystemNeurologicaltestsPerformingspecifictestssuchasEEG(electroencephalogram)tomeasurebrainwaveactivity,MRI(magneticresonanceimaging)tovisualizethebrainandspinalcord,orlumbarfunctiontoanalyzecerebralfluidNeurologicalexaminationmethodsClinicalfeaturesIdentifyingspecificsymptomsandsignsthatarecharacteristicofaspecificneurologicaldiseaseNeuroimagingfindingsUsingtechniqueslikeCT(computedtomography)orMRItodetectstructuralchangesinthebrainorspinalcordthatmayindicateaneurologicalconditionLaboratorytestsAnalyzingblood,urine,orrespiratoryfluidsamplestodetectmarkersofneurologicaldiseasessuchaselevatedproteinlevelsorthepresenceofspecificantibioticsDiagnosticcriteriaforneurologicaldisordersElectricaldiagnostictestsMeasuringtheelectricalactivityofthebrainandnervesusingtechniqueslikeEEGorEMG(electronics)tohelpdiagnoseconditionslikeepilepsyornervedamageDiagnosticcriteriaforneurologicaldisorders04TreatmentandpreventionofneurologicaldisordersMedicationforspecificneurologicalconditionsDependenceonthetypeofneurologicaldisease,differenttreatmentsmaybesubscribedtomanagesymptomsandimprovequalityoflifeAntiepilepticdrinksTheseareusedtotreatseamsandepisodes,andworkbystabilizingelectricalactivityinthebrainAntidepressantsandantianxietymedicineThesecanhelptoallocatesymptomsofdepressionandanxiety,whichareoftencomplicatedwithneurologicalconditionsPainmanagementMedicationssuchasanalytics,antiinflammatorydrugs,andopioidsmaybeusedtomanagepaidassociationswithneurologicaldisordersDrugtherapyNonpharmacologicaltreatmentPhysicaltherapyThisinvolvestheuseofexercise,mass,andothertechniquestoimprovemusclestrength,flexibility,andbalanceOccupationaltherapyThishelpspatientstoregionormaintaintheirabilitytoperformdailyactivitiesindependentlySpeechandlanguagetherapyThisisusedtoimprovecommunicationskillsinpatientswithlanguageorswitchingdisciplinesCognitivebehavioraltherapyThistypeofpsychotherapycanhelppatientsmanagestressandscopewiththeemotionalimpactoftheirconditionsHealthydieEatingabalanceddierichinfruits,vegetables,wholegrains,andleanproteinscanhelpreducetheriskofdevelopingneurologicaldiseasesRegularexerciseStayingactiveandmaintainingahealthyweightcanimproveoverallhealthandreducetheriskofchronicdiseases,includingsomeneurologicalconditionsManagingchronicconditionsKeepingchronicconditionssuchasdiamondsandundercontrolcanhelptopreventordelaytheonsetofneurologicaldiseasesAvoidingtoxinsandhazardoussubstancesLimitingexposuretotoxinsandhazardoussubstancessuchasalcohol,drugs,andcertainchemicalscanhelpprotectthenervoussystemPreventivemeasuresandlifestyleadjustments05RehabilitationandnumberingofneurologicaldiseasesIncludingexercisetherapy,mass,andothermethodstoimprovemusclestrength,jointactivity,balance,andcoordinationPhysicaltherapyFocusingontrainingdailylivingskills,improvinghandfunction,andenhancingcognitiveabilitiesOccupationaltherapyAimedatimprovingspeech,language,switching,andcognitiveabilitiesinpatientswithneurologicaldisordersSpeechtherapyProvidingpsychologicalsupportandcounselingtohelppatientsadjusttotheirconditionsandenhancetheirqualityoflifePsychologicalcounselingRehabilitationtreatmentmethodsEnsuringasafetyenvironmentforpatients,preventingfalls,andavoidingsecondaryinjuriesSafetyprotectionMaintainingskinintegrity,preventingpressureulcers,andprovidingappropriateskincaremeasuresSkincareAssistingpatientsincorrectpositioningandregularturningtopreventcontractsandrespiratorycomplicationsPositioningandturningOfferingappropriatebladderandbowelmanagementmeasuresaccordingtothepatient'sconditionBladderandbowelmanagementRehabilitationnumberingprinciplesandmeasuresProvidingeducationandtraining:EducatingfamilymembersonrehabilitationknowledgeandskillstoenablethemtoparticipateintherehabilitationprocessEstablishingagoodfamilyenvironment:Creatingasupportiveandunderstandingfamilyenvironmenttofacilitatethepatient'srecoveryOfferingemotionalsupportandendowmenttopatientsandtheirfamiliesduringtherehabilitationprocessEncouragingpatientparticipation:EncouragingpatientstoactivelyparticipateinrehabilitationactivitiesanddailylivingtasksFamilyhabitationguidance06Frontiersandprospectsofresearchonneurologica