Unit3GoingplacesGrammar單元語法課件九年級英語下冊（牛津上海版）

牛津上海版九年級下Module2RecreationandentertainmentUnit3GoingplacesGrammar單元語法行業(yè)PPT模板http:///hangye/過去完成時過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作，即“過去的過去（past-in-the-past）”。構成：過去完成時由“助動詞had+過去分詞”構成，其中had通用于各種人稱。Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheyarrivedatthehotel.Shehadfinishedwritingthecompositionby10：00thismorning.行業(yè)PPT模板http:///hangye/判斷依據(jù)1.由時間狀語來判定一般說來，各種時態(tài)都有特定的時間狀語。與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有：（1）

by+過去的時間點。如：Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo'clocklastnight.（2）

bytheendof+過去的時間點。如：WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.（3）

before+過去的時間點。如：TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.行業(yè)PPT模板http:///hangye/判斷依據(jù)2.由“過去的過去”來判定。過去完成時表示“過去的過去”，是指過去某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作，即動作有先后關系，動作在前的用過去完成時，在后的用一般過去時。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在：（1）賓語從句中當賓語從句的主句為一般過去時，且從句的動作先于主句的動作時，從句要用過去完成時。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動詞后的賓語從句。如：

Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.行業(yè)PPT模板http:///hangye/判斷依據(jù)（2）狀語從句中在時間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動作發(fā)生有先后關系，動作在前的，要用過去完成時，動作在后的要用一般過去時。如：

WhenIgottothestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.

Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.注意：before,after引導的時間狀語從句中，由于before和after本身已表達了動作的先后關系，若主、從句表示的動作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時。如：Wheredidyoustudybeforeyoucamehere?Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom.行業(yè)PPT模板http:///hangye/判斷依據(jù)（3）表示意向的動詞，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用過去完成時表示"原本…，未能…"Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.

3.根據(jù)上、下文來判定。

ImetWangTaointhestreetyesterday.Wehadn'tseeneachothersincehewenttoBeijing.行業(yè)PPT模板http:///hangye/主要用法1.過去完成時表示一個動作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)完成或結束，即發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。如：WhenIwokeup,ithadstoppedraining.我醒來時，雨已經(jīng)停了。（主句的動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”）行業(yè)PPT模板http:///hangye/主要用法2.過去完成時是一個相對的時態(tài)，表示的是“過去的過去”，只有和過去某一時間或某一動作相比較時才使用它。如：

Hetoldmethathehadwrittenanewbook.(hadwritten發(fā)生在told之前)行業(yè)PPT模板http:///hangye/主要用法3.過去完成時需要與一個表示過去的時間狀語連用，它不能離開過去時間而獨立存在。此時多與already，yet，still，just，before，never等時間副詞及by，before，until等引導的短語或從句連用。如：BeforeshecametoChina,GracehadtaughtEnglishinamiddleschoolforaboutfiveyears.

Peterhadcollectedmorethan300Chinesestampsbythetimehewasten.行業(yè)PPT模板http:///hangye/主要用法4.過去完成時表示某一動作或狀態(tài)在過去某時之前已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到這一過去時間，而且動作尚未結束，仍然有繼續(xù)下去的可能。如：Bytheendoflastyear,hehadworkedinthefactoryfortwentyyears.（hadworked已有了20年，還有繼續(xù)進行下去的可能）行業(yè)PPT模板http:///hangye/主要用法5.過去完成時也用于hardly...when...（剛…就…）,nosooner...than...（剛…就…）,Itwasthefirsttime+that等一些固定句型中。Hehadnosoonerlefttheroomthantheybegantotalkabouthim.他剛離開房間，他們就議論起他來。Wehadhardlybegunwhenweweretoldtostop.我們剛開始就被叫停。Itwasthefirsttimethathehadeverspokentomeinsuchatune.他用這樣的語調跟我講話，這是第一次。AActionsbeforeatimeinthepastWeusethepastperfecttensetotalkaboutthingsthathappenedbeforeacertaintimeinthepast.Weformthepastperfecttensewithhad+thepastparticipleoftheverb.AActionsbeforeatimeinthepastThetableontherightshowswhatsomeofthetouristsdidyesterdayafternoonaftertheyarrivedattheirhotel.Useinformationfromthetabletocompletetheconversation.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou. AActionsbeforeatimeinthepastThetableontherightshowswhatsomeofthetouristsdidyesterdayafternoonaftertheyarrivedattheirhotel.Useinformationfromthetabletocompletetheconversation.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou. SimonIsupposeallthetouristsrestedwhentheygottotheirhotel.DeniseNotatall.Theywereverybusy.Bythreeo'clock,Elsa_________andVictor________.MatandChris_________,andNina_________.

SimonWhataboutBoris,JanandHenry?DeniseByfouro'clock,Boris_________,Jan_________,andHenry_________SimonWhataboutMariaandDean?Hadtheydoneanything?DeniseYes,theyhadbeenbusyaswell.Maria_________,andDean_________byfourthirty.AActionsbeforeatimeinthepastCompletethissentencebywritingaboutfourthingsyouhaddonebeforeyouwenttobedlastnight.Bynineo'clocklastnight,I_________,_________,_________and_________.BEarlierandlateractionsinthepastWhenwetalkabouttwoactionsinthepast,weusethepastperfecttensefortheearlieraction,andthesimplepasttenseforthelateraction.justandalreadyWeoftenusejustandalreadywiththepastperfecttensefortheearlieractioninthepast.Victorputdownthetelephone.Hehadjustphonedhome.Elsadriedherhair.Shehadalreadywashedit.BEarlierandlateractionsinthepastThesentencesbelowareaboutlateractions.UseinformationfromthetableinA1toaddsentencesaboutearlieractions.Usejustoralready.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.1Ninadidnotfeelthirsty.(just)Shehadjusthadsometea.2Henrycameoutofthebank.(just)3Deanboughtsomedrinks.(already)4Mariafeltrelaxed.(just)5Boriswenttogetsomestamps.(already)BEarlierandlateractionsinthepastbeforeandafterThereisnodifferenceinmeaningbetweenthetwosentencesabove.However,thewomanwantstoemphasizethatsheatebreakfastfirst,sosheusedthepastperfecttensehadeaten.BEarlierandlateractionsinthepastbeforeandafterThemanwantstoemphasizethathehadawalkfirst,soheusedthepastperfecttensehadhad.BEarlierandlateractionsinthepastReadtheconversationbetweentwotouristsandunderlinetheverbsforearlieractionsintheresponses.Thenemphasizewhathappenedfirstbyusingtheverbsinthepastperfecttense.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.T1Didyougoshoppingbeforedinner?T2No.Wewentshoppingafterwefinisheddinner.No.Wewentshoppingafterwehadfinisheddinner.BEarlierandlateractionsinthepastReadtheconversationbetweentwotouristsandunderlinetheverbsforearlieractionsintheresponses.Thenemphasizewhathappenedfirstbyusingtheverbsinthepastperfecttense.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.T1Didyougobacktothehotellater?T2Yes,butbeforewewentback,wedidallourshopping.BEarlierandlateractionsinthepastReadtheconversationbetweentwotouristsandunderlinetheverbsforearlieractionsintheresponses.Thenemphasizewhathappenedfirstbyusingtheverbsinthepastperfecttense.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.T1DidyouseetheSunrisefromEastPeak?T2No.Unfortunately,itrosebeforewereachedthetop.BEarlierandlateractionsinthepastReadtheconversationbetweentwotouristsandunderlinetheverbsforearlieractionsintheresponses.Thenemphasizewhathappenedfirstbyusingtheverbsinthepastperfecttense.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.T1WhatwasthesunsetlikeatBlueBay?T2Great!Itsetafewminutesafterwearrivedthere.BEarlier