03-選擇性必修第二冊Unit-4基礎練習(人教版2019)

2023年高考英語一輪復習講練測(人教版2019)選擇性必修二Unit4JourneyacrossaVastLandⅠ.單句語法填空1.(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Alwaysmakeyourpresentationjustabitshorterthan__________(anticipate).2.(2020·浙江高考)Takingpicturesofpolarbearsisamazingbutalsodangerous.Polarbears—likeallwildanimals—should__________(photograph)fromasafedistance.

3.(2019·北京高考)Sincehefirststartedvolunteeringhiscartotheyoungpeople,Wilsonhascoveredan__________(astonish)64,000miles,andhashadcountlesspleasantandoftenhumorousconversationswiththestudentshetransportstoandfromschool.4.(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)Still,mostofusvolunteers__________(breath)asighofreliefwhentheseasoncomestoaclose.5.(2019·天津高考)Submitafirstdraftofyouressay,performancescript,ordocumentary__________(highlight).Ⅱ.完成句子1.__________________,smartphonesnotonlytakeupourvaluabletime,butalsodogreatharmtoourhealth.

正相反,智能手機不僅占用我們寶貴的時間而且還對我們的健康有害。2.Seeingtheirfavoritestarcomein,__________________看到最喜歡的明星進來了,這些忠實的粉絲立馬從座位上站了起來。3.__________________hissonhadbeencaughtcheatingintheexams.

他的兒子考試作弊被抓住了,這使他大為吃驚。4.He__________________hisfirstteacherofEnglishthathehadagoodpronunciation.

他良好的發(fā)音歸功于他的第一位英語老師。5.__________________todayChineseisoneofthemostimportantlanguagesintheworld.

毫無疑問,漢語是當今世界上最重要的語言之一。Ⅲ.語法填空FewpeopleIknowseemtohavemuchdesireortimetocook.MakingChinese1.__________(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.Manywesterners2.__________cometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheap3.__________canbetoeatout.Istillremember4.__________(visit)afriendwho’dlivedhereforfiveyearsandI5.__________(shock)whenIlearntshehadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.

Whileregularlyeatingoutseemsto6.__________(become)commonformanyyoungpeopleinrecentyears,it’snotwithoutacost.Theobviousoneismoney;eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybe7.__________(afford)butdoingthismostdaysaddsup.Therecouldbeaneven8._______(high)costonyourhealth.Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtherisein9.__________(weigh)problems.

Ifyouarenotgoingtosufferthisproblem,thenIsuggestthatthenexttimeyougotoyourmum’shome10._______dinner,getafewcookingtipsfromher.Cookingfoodcanbefun.Youmightalsobegintonoticetheeffectsnotonlyonyourhealthbutinyourpocket.IV.閱讀理解ASciencefictionpaintsafuturewhererobotsplayanimportantpartineverydaylife.AtechnologyfirmistryingtomakethatfuturearealitytodaywithanaffordablerobotcalledArtibo.Artiboissmall.Itsbrain,orAIblock,isacube(立方體)thatfitsinyourhand.Thatblockconnectstoamotorblockandtwosiliconwheels.Assembled,it’saboutfourinchestall.Artiboismuchmorethanjustarobotthatyouprogramtomovearound.Artibo’sdesignerswantittoprovidecompanionshipandbearesourceforlearningcoding.Withitscamera,microphoneandconnectiontoacloud-basedAI,itcanrespondtovoicecommandsorfunctionlikeawalkie-talkie(對講機).Ittalkslikeachatbotandcantellbedtimestories.Itcanevenhelpyoulearnotherlanguages!Artiboisn’tquitereadyforstoresyet,though.It’spartofacrowdfundingproject.Crowdfundingisaprogramwhereyouputarequestonlinetoacrowdofpeople.Supporterscanthenpaylargeorsmallamountstohelpyoufinishaproject.Artibowillfirstbeavailabletopeoplewhohavepaidtohelpbringitintoproduction.Usingcomputercodetoprogramyourowntoysisnothingnew.LEGOfirstreleasedarobotkitin1998.Sincethen,programmablerobotshavebecomeoneofthebest-sellingunitsintheLEGOproductline.Programmingrobotsmightsoundcomparabletorocketscience,butanyonecanprogramoneusingnothingmorethanatabletorasmartphoneandcodeblocks.Codeblocksallowyoutoprogramsimpleorcomplexcommandsbyassemblingvisualblocksofcodeonthecanvas(畫布)ofacomputerscreen.Justdraganddropavarietyofcodeblocksfromaprogrammingmenulinkthemtogether,andwatchhowyourrobotresponds.InArtibo’scasecodingdoesn’tstopthere.Unlikeothersimilarprogrammabletoys,Artibowillalsoallowyoutowriteyourowncode.Soasyourfamiliaritywithcodingincreases,youwon’tloseinterestinArtibo.1.Accordingtothepassage,thepurposeofdevelopingArtibois______.

A.helpingpeoplelearnanythingtheywantandprovidingcompanionshipB.providingarobotthatcanmove,accompanyandhelppeoplelearncodingC.chattingwithpeople,tellingbedtimestoriesandsupplyinglanguagesD.helpingpeopleraisemoneyonlineandcreatingprogrammablerobots2.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?A.Programmingrobotsisnotreallycomplicated.B.Programmingrobotsisadvancedlikearocket.C.Programmingrobotscanbeusedinsmartphones.D.Programmingrobotsusedintoysisnotnewatall.3.Thepassageimpliesthat______.

A.peoplecanprogramvariousordersevenwithoutcodeblocksB.anyonecancontrolArtibofreelyunlikeotherprogrammingtoysC.themorefamiliaryou’rewithcoding,themoreyou’lllikeArtiboD.artiboispopularintheworldespeciallyamongyoungpeopleBForseveraldecades,therehasbeenanextensiveandorganizedcampaignintendedtogeneratedistrustinscience,fundedbyregulatedindustriesandlibertarianthinktanks(自由主義智囊團)whoseinterestsandbeliefsarethreatenedbythefindingsofmodernscience.Inresponse,scientistshavetendedtostressthesuccessofscience.Afterall,scientistshavebeenrightaboutmostthings,fromthestructureoftheuniversetotherelativityoftimeandspace.Quotingsuccessesisn’twrong,butformanypeopleit’snotpersuasive.Whatistypicallydeclaredtobethescientificmethod—developasupposition,thendesignanexperimenttotestit—isn’twhatscientistsactuallydo.Scienceisactivesothatnewmethodsgetinventedandoldonesgetabandoned.Thescientificmethoddoesn’talwayswork.Falsetheoriescanproducetrueresults,soevenifanexperimentworks,itdoesn’tprovethatthetheoryitwasdesignedtotestistrue.Ifthereisnoidentifiablescientificmethodthenwhatistheguaranteefortrustinscience?Theansweristhemethodsbywhichthoseclaimsareevaluated.Ascientificclaimisneveracceptedastrueuntilithasgonethroughalongprocessofexaminationbyfellowscientists.Untilthispoint,scientificfeedbackistypicallyfairlyfriendly.Butthenextstepisdifferent:oncethepaperisready,itispresentedtoascientificjournal,wherethingsgetawholelottougher.Editorsdeliberatelysendscientificpaperstopeoplewhoarenotfriendsorcolleaguesoftheauthors,andthejobofthereviewersistofinderrorsorotherinadequacies.Wecallthisprocess“peerreview”becausethereviewersarescientificpeersbuttheyactintheroleofasuperiorwhohasboththerightandtheobligationtofindfault.Itisonlyafterthereviewersandtheeditoraresatisfiedthatanyproblemshavebeenfixedthatthepaperisacceptedforpublicationandentersthebodyof“science.”Doesthisprocessevergowrong?Ofcourse.Scientistsarehuman.Butifwelookcarefullyathistoricalcaseswheresciencewentwrong,typicallytherewasnoagreementreachedbyall.Somepeoplearguethatweshouldnottrustsciencebecausescientistsare“alwayschangingtheirminds”.Whileexamplesoftrulysettledsciencebeingoverturnedarefarfewerthanissometimesclaimed,theydoexist.Butthebeautyofthisscientificprocessisthatitexplainswhatmightotherwiseappearparadoxical(矛盾的):thatscienceproducesbothnovelty(新穎性)andstability.Newobservations,ideas,interpretationsintroducenovelty:transformativequestioningleadstocollectivedecisionsandthestabilityofscientificknowledge.Scientistsdochangetheirmindsinthefaceofnewevidence,butthisisastrengthofscience,notaweakness.1.Distrustinsciencehasbeenfoundbecause______.

A.scientists’citingsuccessesisn’tpersuasiveformanypeopletosomeextentB.mostscientistshavetendedtolaytoomuchemphasisonthesuccessofscienceC.awide-rangingandorganizedcampaignhasbeenfoundedinsomeindustriesandthinktanksD.someone’sbenefitsandbeliefsareendangeredbythefindingsofmodernscience2.Whichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthoragreewithaboutascientificmethod?A.Ascientificmethoddoesn’tnecessarilytakeeffectbecausescienceischanging.B.Ascientificmethodisnotrightbecauseitisn’twhatscientistsactuallydo.C.Asuccessfulexperimentcanguaranteethetruthfulnessofaclaimbyascientificmethod.D.Truetheoriescanproducefalseresultsbecausethescientificmethoddoesn’twork.3.Whatpurposedoes“peerreview”inevaluatingascientificclaimmainlyserve?A.Thescientificclaimcanbecompletelyacceptedbythereviewersinthesamefield.B.Thescientificpeerscandrawrightconclusionsbyfindingitsfaultsorotherinadequacies.C.Thescientificclaimcanbepublishedandrecognizedastrueinscience.D.Thescientificpapercanbesuccessfullysubmittedtoascientificjournal.4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat______.

A.notalltheclaimsaboutthefalsehoodofwell-establishedscienceleadtoitsbeingoverturnedB.itisinevitablethatsciencesometimesgoeswrongbecauseitappearsparadoxicalC.thebeautyofscienceliesintheparadoxofbeingbothnovelandstableD.scienceisnottrustfulbecausescientistsalwayschangetheirmindsV.七選五Friendsshouldalwaysbehonestwithyou,right?Sowhentheylie,itcanbereallyhardtotake.Youwanttotrustyourfriendsandthatmeansknowingthatthey’lltellittoyoustraightnomatterwhatitis.1Whydoesthishappen?

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Oneofthebiggestreasonsfriendslieissimplytoavoidhurtingyourfeelings.Somepeopledon’tunderstandthedifferencebetweenbeinggentlyhonestwithafriendandbeingsostraightforwardthattheyleaveaverbalwound.Theychoosetoavoidthesetwoextremesintheformofalie.Theyfeelembarrassed.Sometimesfriendswilllieaboutthingsintheirlifebecausetheyaretooembarrassedtoadmitthetruth.Maybetheyaregoingthrougharoughtimeandtheyjustdon’twantyoutoknowaboutit.Avoidtryingtobadger(糾纏)yourfriendsintotellingyouwhat’swrong.3

Avoidanargumentwithyou.Perhapsyourfriendsknowthatiftheytellyouthetruth,you’llgetangrywiththem.Makesurethatifafriendtellsyousomethingunpleasant,youdon’toveract.4Ifyoudoenduparguing,doitinarespectableway.

Excludeyou.Lyingisn’talwaysasignthatfriendsaretryingtoprotectyou,however.5Whenyoufindoutwithcertaintythatyourfriendislyingtoyou,tryandfaceit.Ifyoufeelyourfriendislyingbecauseheorshedoesn’twanttobearoundyou,that’syourwake-uptomoveon.

A.Protectyourfeelings.B.Theywanttobeyourcloserfriends.C.Butafriendwholiesisn’talwaystryingtohurtyou.D.Considerwhat’sbeingsaidandwhyyourfriendistellingyouthis.E.Beinghonestandmakingasincereeffortcankeepthefriendshipstrong.F.Sometimestheyliebecausetheydon’twantyoutobeincludedintheirplans.G.Instead,makeitclearthatyouarethereforthemwhenandiftheyarereadytotalk.VI.完形填空Haveyouevertraveledaroundbybike?ThisspringmyolderbrotherandI1thebusycityandspentalongweekendcyclinginthecountryside.Ourspeedwasonlyaround14kph,butwedidn’t2.Wehadn’tcometobreakanyspeedrecords,afterall.Allwewantedweresome3airandabreakfromschoolwork.

Wereally4ourselveswhilecyclingalongtraffic-freecountrypaths.Therewasplentyofsunshine,butitwasquitecold,5inthemornings.Thegoodnewswasthatsoonwe6aswerodealong.Ouronly7waswhenmybrakesstartedmakingaterriblenoise.ButIdidn’tcareasitgaveusan8tovisitacaféwhileabikemechanic(機修工)hadalookatit.

Everyfewkilometrestherewasa9wherewecouldtalkwithlocalpeople.Oneofthewomenwasvery10andshowedusthewaywhenwegotlost.OnSaturdaynightwewere11at2a.m.bysomeyoungpeople.Theykeptsingingloudlyinthenextroom,whichmadeussleeplessallnight.Wefeltvery12whenwegotupthenextmorning.Soonwe13.Weweremorecheerfulonthewaywhenthesuncameout.Luckily,thingslikethathappenedonlyonce.AnywayIstillliketravelingaroundbybike—it’s14andit’sfun.Ifyou’relookingforashortbreakthat’sactiveandcheap,thencyclingisagreat15!

1.A.leftB.visitedC.foundD.reached2.A.regret B.mind C.fail D.realize3.A.fresh B.thin C.cool D.dry4.A.hurt B.hated C.changed D.enjoyed5.A.probably B.especiallyC.specially D.immediately6.A.cameback B.gaveupC.warmedup D.calmeddown7.A.wish B.problem C.decision D.memory8.A.order B.opinionC.excuse D.explanation9.A.city B.lake C.school D.village10.A.friendly B.honestC.stupid D.nervous11.A.saved B.paid C.woken D.greeted12.A.shy B.busy C.bored D.tired13.A.setoff B.calledbackC.settleddownD.brokedown14.A.true B.simpleC.difficult D.dangerous15.A.goal B.dream C.result D.choice參考答案Ⅰ.1.Alwaysmakeyourpresentationjustabitshorterthananticipated(anticipate).2.Takingpicturesofpolarbearsisamazingbutalsodangerous.Polarbears—likeallwildanimals—shouldbephotographed(photograph)fromasafedistance.

3.Sincehefirststartedvolunteeringhiscartotheyoungpeople,Wilsonhascoveredanastonishing(astonish)64,000miles,andhashadcountlesspleasantandoftenhumorousconversationswiththestudentshetransportstoandfromschool.4.Still,mostofusvolunteersbreathe(breath)asighofreliefwhentheseasoncomestoaclose.5.Submitafirstdraftofyouressay,performancescript,ordocumentaryhighlights(highlight).Ⅱ.1.Onthecontrary,smartphonesnotonlytakeupourvaluabletime,butalsodogreatharmtoourhealth.

2.Seeingtheirfavoritestarcomein,thedevotedfansarosefromtheirseatsimmediately.

3.Whatastonishedhimwasthathissonhadbeencaughtcheatingintheexams.

4.HeowedittohisfirstteacherofEnglishthathehadagoodpronunciation.

5.ThereisnodoubtthattodayChineseisoneofthemostimportantlanguagesintheworld.

Ⅲ.【文章大意】因為做飯麻煩,所以很多人到飯館吃飯,但經(jīng)常這樣不僅浪費錢,還容易發(fā)胖,導致健康問題。1.dishes。考查名詞復數(shù)。此處用名詞復數(shù)泛指中國菜。2.who/that?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。先行詞指人,故用who/that引導定語從句,并在從句中作主語。3.it?？疾榇~。it作形式主語,不定式toeatout為真正的主語。4.visiting。考查非謂語動詞。rememberdoingsth.“記得做過某事”,為固定搭配。5.wasshocked?？疾闀r態(tài)和語態(tài)。此處動作與后面的whenIlearnt...發(fā)生時間一致,應為過去時;I和shock之間為被動關系,指“我”感到震驚,故此處為過去時的被動語態(tài)。6.havebecome?？疾闀r態(tài)。根據(jù)后面的時間狀語inrecentyears可知,此處應該用現(xiàn)在完成時。7.affordable。考查詞性轉換。根據(jù)語境可知此處作表語,所以要用形容詞形式。8.higher。考查形容詞比較級。根據(jù)even可判斷,此處要用形容詞的比較級,表示付出比錢更高的代價。9.weight。考查詞性轉換。表示體重方面的問題,要用名詞作定語。10.for。考查介詞。此處goto...for...構成搭配,表示目的。IV.A1.【解析】選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Artiboismuchmorethanjustarobotthatyouprogramtomovearound.Artibo’sdesignerswantittoprovidecompanionshipandbearesourceforlearningcoding.阿蒂博不僅僅是一個你可以隨意移動的機器人。阿蒂博的設計者希望它能提供陪伴,并成為學習編程的資源?？芍⒌俨C器人不僅能移動,也能提供陪伴,幫助學習編程。故選B項。2.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中Programmingrobotsmightsoundcomparabletorocketscience,butanyonecanprogramoneusingnothingmorethanatabletorasmartphoneandcodeblocks.編程機器人可能聽起來像火箭科學,但任何人都可以用平板電腦或智能手機和代碼塊為機器人編程。可知,編程機器人真的并不復雜。故選A項。3.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Unlikeothersimilarprogrammabletoys,Artibowillalsoallowyoutowriteyourowncode.Soasyourfamiliaritywithcodingincreases,youwon’tloseinterestinArtibo.與其他類似的可編程玩具不同,阿蒂博還允許你編寫自己的代碼。因此,隨著你對編碼的熟悉程度的增加,你不會對阿蒂博失去興趣?？芍?你對編碼越熟悉,就越喜歡阿蒂博。故選C項。B1.【解析】選D。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知,幾十年來,有一個廣泛的、有組織的運動,目的是產(chǎn)生對科學的不信任,由受管制的行業(yè)和自由主義智囊團資助,他們的利益和信仰受到現(xiàn)代科學發(fā)現(xiàn)的威脅。由此可知,人們發(fā)現(xiàn)對科學的不信任是因為某些人的利益和信仰受到現(xiàn)代科學發(fā)現(xiàn)的威脅,故D項正確。2.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Scienceisactivesothatnewmethodsgetinventedandoldonesgetabandoned.Thescientificmethoddoesn’talwayswork.”科學是活躍的,新方法被發(fā)明,舊方法被拋棄,所以科學的方法并不總是有效的?？芍?作者可能會同意“科學方法不一定有效,因為科學正在發(fā)生變化”這一說法,故A項正確。3.【解析】選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的最后兩句“我們稱這個過程為同行評審,因為評審人員是科學上的同行,但是他們扮演著上級的角色,有權利也有義務找出錯誤,只有在審稿人和編輯滿意之后,任何問題都得到了解決,論文才會被接受發(fā)表并進入科學領域。”可知,在評估一項科學聲明時,同行評審的主要目的是說明這一科學論斷可以在科學領域上發(fā)表并被認為是正確的,故C項正確。4.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Whileexamplesoftrulysettledsciencebeingoverturnedarefarfewerthanissometimesclaimed,theydoexist.”雖然真正解決的科學被推翻的例子比有時聲稱的要少得多,但它們確實存在?？芍?并非所有關于公認科學的謬誤的說法都會導致它被推翻,故A項正確。V.【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章分析了朋友對你說謊的四種原因并給出了對應的處理辦法。1.【解析】選C。根據(jù)后文Whydoesthishappen?為什么會這樣?結合后文分析了朋友對你撒謊的原因可知,說謊的朋友并不總是試圖傷害你。故選C。2.【解析】選A。根據(jù)本段第一句Oneofthebiggestreasonsfriendslieissimplytoavoidhurtingyourfeelings.句意:朋友說謊的最大原因之一就是避免傷害你的感情。由此可知,本段說明了朋友撒謊是為了保護你的感受。故選A。3.【解析】選G。根據(jù)上文Avoidtryingtobadgeryourfriendsintot