考點(diǎn)02 定語從句（八大知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理）-新高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)（上海專用）（解析版）

考點(diǎn)02定語從句課前熱身練1．SoforthemtomovetoElkhead,Colo.toinstructthechildren________shoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）2．Ifeellikethatmycapacityhasreachedthepoint________IcancompeteforOlympicmedals.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）3．Lookingoutofmywindowtodayremindedmeofaday________Iwassearchingforaspecialbluebird.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）4．Doyouknowthereason_______Ileftsoearly?(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)5．Thistrendhashadsomesideeffectssuchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverything_______themedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)6．Itaimsatbeingagatheringplacein________companiescanhavetheirownspacetopromotetheirproductsandservicesthroughvirtualtradefairs.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）7．BeforethemtheShenzhouⅫandthree-membercrewslivedinsidetheTiangong,________istravelinginlow-Earthorbitabout400kilometershigh.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）8．Ihavemadeaschedule________issuitableforme.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）9．Icalledtotelltheincrediblenewstothefriend________hadgonetoworkinthesouth.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）10．Theexhibitalsoincludesaninteractive,immersiveunit________visitorsmayclickamouseorusetheirfingersonatouchscreentochangedigitalversionsoftheartwork.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）11．Thisistheperfectopportunitytostepoutsideofyourcomfortzoneandintroduceyourselftopeoplefromanotherdivision________youmaynothavemet.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）12．Othersarefascinatedbythechancetoexperienceamysteriousworld________sofewhumansgettoseefirst-hand.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）13．Infact,themanner________hespokewasrough.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)14．Weweregladatthenews________hetoldus.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）15．Itwasintheschool___________weoncestudiedthatthepartywasheld.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)1．whose【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：因此，對(duì)他們來說，搬到科羅拉多州埃爾克黑德去指導(dǎo)那些鞋子是用繩子綁在一起的孩子們是一個(gè)驚喜。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，從句缺少定語。故填whose。2．where【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：我覺得我的能力已經(jīng)到了能參加奧林匹克爭(zhēng)奪獎(jiǎng)牌的地步了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為定語從句，修飾先行詞thepoint，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。故填where。3．when【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：今天，從我的窗外往外看，使我想起了有一天我在找一只特別的藍(lán)鳥。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為定語從句，修飾先行詞day，為時(shí)間；同時(shí)從句中不缺少主、賓、表和定語，而缺少時(shí)間狀語。故填when。4．why【詳解】考查定語從句的連接詞。句意：你知道我為什么離開那么早嗎？根據(jù)句子分析可知，此處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為thereason，在從句中作原因狀語，故應(yīng)用why引導(dǎo)，故填why。5．that【詳解】考查定語從句的連接詞。句意：這一趨勢(shì)帶來了一些副作用，比如說超重和心臟病——這恰好就是醫(yī)學(xué)界在努力對(duì)抗的。根據(jù)句子分子可知，此處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為theverything，指物，定語從句中缺少賓語，故應(yīng)用that/which引導(dǎo)，但先行詞被thevery修飾時(shí)，只能用that引導(dǎo)，故填that。6．which【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：它的目標(biāo)是成為一個(gè)聚集的地方，在這里，企業(yè)可以有自己的空間，通過虛擬貿(mào)易交易會(huì)推廣他們的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。設(shè)空處前有介詞in，先行詞為place，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，此處為“介詞＋which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。根據(jù)句意，故填which。7．which【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：在他們之前，神舟十二和十三號(hào)的三名乘組人員在“天宮”里生活過，“天宮”在距離地面大約400公里的近地軌道飛行。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語，先行詞為Tiangong，指物，故填which。8．which/that【詳解】考查定語從句的關(guān)系代詞。句意：我已經(jīng)制定了一個(gè)適合我的時(shí)間表。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞為schedule，為物，在從句中作主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that或which。故填which/that。9．who/that【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：我打電話把這個(gè)令人難以置信的消息告訴了那位去南方工作的朋友。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為friend，指人，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who或that。故填who/that。10．where【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：展覽還包括一個(gè)互動(dòng)的沉浸式單元，游客可以在這里點(diǎn)擊鼠標(biāo)或用手指在觸摸屏上更改藝術(shù)品的數(shù)字版本。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是unit，在定語從句中作狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。故填where。11．whom/who/that【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：這是一個(gè)絕佳的機(jī)會(huì)，可以走出你的舒適區(qū)，向來自另一個(gè)部門的人介紹你自己，而這些人你可能沒有見過。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作賓語，先行詞為people指人，可用關(guān)系代詞whom/who/that引導(dǎo)。故填whom/who/that。12．which/that/不填【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：另一些人則著迷于有機(jī)會(huì)體驗(yàn)一個(gè)很少有人能親眼看到的神秘世界。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞amysteriousworld，且從句缺少賓語，應(yīng)用which或者that引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)也可省略。故填which/that/不填。13．that/inwhich【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：事實(shí)上，他說話的態(tài)度很粗魯。根據(jù)句子分析可知，此處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為themanner，在定語從句中作方式狀語，故可用that/inwhich引導(dǎo)，故填that/inwhich。14．that/which【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：聽到他告訴我們的消息，我們很高興。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是news，關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that或which，故填that/which。15．where【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：聚會(huì)是在我們?cè)?jīng)學(xué)習(xí)過的學(xué)校舉行的。分析句子可知，此處為在Itwas…that…的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中定語從句關(guān)系詞的填入，先行詞school在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語成分，所以此處應(yīng)為關(guān)系副詞where的填入。故填where。核心考點(diǎn)梳理一）定義(1)定語從句：在主從復(fù)合句中用作定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊接在先行詞后面。(2)先行詞：被定語從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個(gè)詞，短語，或整個(gè)主句。(3)關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞的作用：1)引導(dǎo)定語從句，連接主句和從句，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)連詞；2)必在從句中作某個(gè)句子成份（可以做主語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語）關(guān)系代詞（在從句中作主語，賓語，表語，賓補(bǔ)，定語）:that、which、who、whom、whose、as關(guān)系副詞（在從句中只作狀語）:when、why、where二）關(guān)系代詞的用法在定語從句中關(guān)系代詞起著連接主句與從句、指代先行詞和在從句中作句子成分的三重作用。關(guān)系代詞的選用取決于主句中的先行詞以及關(guān)系代詞在從句中作何種成分。先行詞在從句中作主語在從句中作賓語在從句中作定語指代人who/thatwhom/who/thatwhose/ofwhom指代物which/thatwhich/thatwhose/ofwhich1.關(guān)系代詞who,whom和that的用法三者都可用于指代人，但在用法上存在差別。who和whomwho可以代替人（即它的先行詞必須是人），在從句中可以擔(dān)任主語，往往也可以代替在從句中擔(dān)任賓格的whom（?？墒÷裕５那懊娌荒苡薪樵~，如果帶介詞則必須用賓格whom,即“介詞+whom”。Johnnyisapersonwhoalwayshasnovelideas.ThegirlwhowonthefirstprizeisfromZhejiang.Thepersonwho/whomyoujusttalkedtoisMrDepp.=ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMrDepp.We’llgotothehospitaltoseethepatients,mostofwhomarechildren.who和that在定語從句中who和that指代人時(shí)常可以通用，但在下列情況中只能用who,而不能用that。先行詞是one,ones和anyone時(shí)，宜用who。Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.Theoneswhoflattermedon’tpleaseme.Anyonewholaughslastlaughsbest.Anyonewhofailstofinishthetaskgivenshouldbecriticized.先行詞是those時(shí)，宜用who。Nowordsarestrongenoughtoexpressourthankstothosewhoworkedhardtorescuesurvivorsintheearthquake.當(dāng)先行詞有較長(zhǎng)的后置定語時(shí)，宜用who。ImetagirlinthestreetyesterdaywhogrewupinwesternYunnanprovince.一個(gè)句子帶有兩個(gè)定語從句時(shí)，其中一個(gè)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞是that,另一個(gè)宜用who。Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.在therebe開頭的句子中，宜用who。Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyourfather.Therearemanyoldmenwhoareagainstthisplan.2.關(guān)系代詞whose的用法關(guān)系代詞whose是關(guān)系代詞who的所有格形式，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物。當(dāng)whose指代人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于ofwhom，指代物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于ofwhich。whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句既可以是限定性定語從句，也可以是非限定性定語從句。WewantedtoseeourteacherMissStyles,whosehusbandlosthislifeintheearthquake.=WewantedtoseeourteacherMissStyles,thehusbandofwhomlosthislifeintheearthquake.Xi’an,whosewallsremainasgoodasbefore,isoneofthefewcitieswithcitywalls.3.關(guān)系代詞that和which的用法兩者都可用于指代物，但使用場(chǎng)合存在差別。①在限定性定語從句中指代物時(shí)，which和that一般可以通用Thenewhousethat/whichIhavejustboughtisaboutsixmilesaway.Theyplantedsometreesthat/whichdidn’tneedmuchwater.②限定性定語從句中只用that的情況主句已有疑問詞who或which時(shí)Whichofthecarsthatareinfrontofthehotelbelongstoyou?Whoisthemanthatissittingbythelake?先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)Hetalkedabouttheschoolsandteachersthathehadvisited.Thebikeanditsriderthathadrunoveranoldmanweretakentothepolicestation.先行詞為all,much,few,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代詞時(shí)It’seasytodotherepair.Allthatyouneedisahammerandsomenails.Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.I’dliketotellyousomethingthatwillmakeyousurprised.先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)Thisisthebestwaythathasbeenusedagainstpollution.PollyisthemostdirectyoungwomanthatIhaveevercomeacross.先行詞有序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)Thisisthethirdtimethattheyhavemet.ThefirsttimethatLestersawthefilm,hemadeuphismindtobecomeadirector.先行詞有thevery,theonly,thesame,all,any,each,every,few,little,no,oneof等詞修飾時(shí)ThisistheveryroomthatIsleptinthatevening.LiMingistheonlyonethatwantstobeateacher.Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.比較*Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthatwerepublishedlastyear.*Thisistheonlyoneofthebestnovelsthatwaspublishedlastyear.有兩個(gè)定語從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which,另一個(gè)宜用thatEdisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.③只用which而不用that的情況引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)只用which而不用thatThefish,whichIboughtthismorning,isveryfresh.Myhouse,whichIboughttwoyearsago,hasgotalovelygarden.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,whichsurprisedeverybodyintheoffice.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,which,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,mostofwhicharesoldabroad.London,whichisthecapitalofUK,isaverybeautifulcity.在限定性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)只用which而不用thatIwasputinapositioninwhichIhadtoacceptIwaslessimportant.Thisisthehotelinwhichyouwillstay.=Thisisthehotel(which/that)youwillstayin.在限定性定語從句中，如果有兩個(gè)定語從句，其中一句的關(guān)系詞是that,那么另一句的關(guān)系詞就需用whichLetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopen.三）關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系副詞和關(guān)系代詞一樣，具有各種作用。在定語從句中代替先行詞、在從句中作狀語、把兩個(gè)句子連接成為一個(gè)帶有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句等，相當(dāng)于“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)。由于關(guān)系副詞在從句中均作狀語，所以具體選用什么關(guān)系副詞，主要取決于關(guān)系副詞在從句中充當(dāng)什么類型的狀語。先行詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞种傅攸c(diǎn)where地點(diǎn)狀語指時(shí)間when時(shí)間狀語指原因why原因狀語1.關(guān)系副詞where的用法由where引導(dǎo)的定語從句，其先行詞主要是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，如building,city,room等，where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。先行詞還可以是抽象的地點(diǎn)名詞，如：case,point,situation,circumstance,activity,stage,state…Thehotelwherewestayedwasveryclean.=Thehotel(that/which)westayedatwasveryclean.=Thehotelatwhichwestayedwasveryclean.IgottothestagewhereIwasn’tcopinganymore.=Igottothestage(which/that)Iwasn’tcopingwithanymore.=IgottothestagewithwhichIwasn’tcopinganymore.2.關(guān)系副詞when的用法由when引導(dǎo)的定語從句，其先行詞主要是表示時(shí)間的名詞，如time,day,date等，when在從句中作時(shí)間狀語。先行詞還可以是抽象的時(shí)間名詞，如：occasion...I’llneverforgetthetimewhenwefirstmet.=I’llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichwefirstmet.Istillrememberthedaywhenmybrotherjoinedthearmy.=Istillrememberthedayonwhichmybrotherjoinedthearmy.ThedatewhenhejoinedtheANCYouthLeaguewasAugust5th.Nextmonth,whenyouwillbeinyourhometown,isjustaroundthecorner.Thereareoccasionswhenjokingisnotpermissible.3.關(guān)系副詞why的用法由why引導(dǎo)的定語從句，經(jīng)常會(huì)用在先行詞reason的后面，why在從句中作原因狀語。ThereasonwhyIgotajobwasthatIworkedhard.=Thereason(that)/forwhichIgotajobwasthatIworkedhard.Amydidn’tgetapayrise,butthiswasn’tthemainreasonwhysheleft.=Amydidn’tgetapayrise,butthiswasn’tthemainreason(that)/forwhichsheleft.帶reason的定語從句與表語從句的常用句型定語從句“Thereasonwhy/that...”或“...thereasonwhy/that...”Iknowthereasonwhyshestudiessowell.表語從句“Thereasonisthat...”(不能用why,否則就重復(fù)了)Thereasonisthatheisalwayscarelessinhiswork.四）關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選用對(duì)于同一個(gè)先行詞，要想確定是用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞，關(guān)鍵是要弄清楚先行詞在定語從句中擔(dān)任什么成分。如果先行詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語，就用關(guān)系代詞；如果先行詞在定語從句中作狀語，就用關(guān)系副詞。Thisisthecollege(that/which)Ivisited.ThisisthecollegewhereIstudiedthreeyearsago.兩句中的先行詞一樣，都是college,但關(guān)系詞不一樣。前者用關(guān)系代詞that/which,因?yàn)樗趶木渲凶骷拔飫?dòng)詞visited的賓語。后者用關(guān)系副詞where,因?yàn)樗趶木渲凶鳡钫Z，相當(dāng)于there或inthecollege。比較下列句子：*Thisisthereasonhewaslate.why*Thisisthereasonhegavefornotcoming.that/which/省略*ThisisthefactoryIvisitedyesterday.that/which/省略*Thisisthefactorysellsmedicine.that/which*ThisisthefactoryTVsetsaresold.where*I’llneverforgetthedaywespenttogether.that/which*I’llneverforgetthedayIgotmarried.when五）關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中用作介詞賓語時(shí),介詞可放于從句之首,也可放于從句之末.但以放于句首較為正式.（介詞前置，必須注意不影響動(dòng)詞詞組的含義。）Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked.=Thisisthebook(that/which)youaskedfor.DoyouknowthepersonwithwhomIshookhands?=Doyouknowtheperson(whom/that)Ishookhandswith?Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.Isthisthefactorytowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?Isthisfactorytheonetowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?Thisisthegirlwhomtheyarelookingafter.(介詞after與look構(gòu)成固定詞組，不可前置。lookat,lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句常見的有以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)介詞+關(guān)系代詞MandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice．=MandelawastheblacklawyerwhomIwenttoforadvice．(2)名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞Hewroteabook,thenameofwhichI’vecompletelyforgotten.Theoldmanhastwodaughters,bothofwhomaredoctors．LastSundayIboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,threeofwhichwereEnglishnovels．=LastSundayIboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,ofwhichthreewereEnglishnovels．(3)形容詞最高級(jí)+介詞+關(guān)系代詞Chinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.(4)介詞+關(guān)系代詞+名詞Icalledhimbythewrongname,forwhichmistakeIapologized.(不能使用whose)關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定根據(jù)先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配They’llneverforgetJuly1onwhichHongKongreturnedtoitsmotherland.根據(jù)定語從句中動(dòng)詞所需習(xí)慣搭配HongKongisthecityfromwhichhecomes.根據(jù)定語從句的意義WuSongwasthemanbywhomthetigerwasshot.六）定語從句的種類定語從句可分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句兩種。區(qū)別：1、形式上，非限定性定語從句往往用逗號(hào)隔開。2、語法上，非限定性定語從句一般不用that和why.3、語義上，限定性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系緊密，起限定作用，如果去掉了這個(gè)定語從句，整個(gè)句子就不完整或者會(huì)改變意思；而非限定性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不是很緊密，對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明或描述的作用。ThisisthebookIlikebest.這就是我最喜歡的那本書。Beijing,whichhasbeenChina'scapitalformorethan800years,isrichinculturalandhistoricrelics.北京是中國(guó)八百年之久的古都，它有著豐富的文化和歷史遺產(chǎn)。4、翻譯時(shí)，限定性定語從句可譯為一句（較短的一般譯為"的"字結(jié)構(gòu)）；而非限定性定語從句可譯為兩句。（見上句翻譯）比較:Hehasasister,whoisamusician.(只有一個(gè)姐妹)Hehasasisterwhoisamusician.(不一定只有一個(gè)姐妹)5、引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞，指人時(shí)用who,whom,whose,指物時(shí)用which,whose,指整個(gè)句子用as,which;關(guān)系副詞when,where,指原因用forwhich.Hestudiedhardatschoolwhenhewasyoung,whichleadstohissuccessinhislaterlife.Tom'sfather,whoarrivedjustnow,isafamousscientist.Theysetupaseparatestateoftheirown,wheretheywouldbefreetokeepNegroesasslaves.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.七）as引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.as引導(dǎo)的限定性定語從句多用于thesame...as;such/so...as;as...as等結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).Wewillonlydiscusssuchproblemsashavesomethingtodowithourowninterests.IsawsograndaNationalDaycelebrationasIneverdreamof.Heisasgreatapainteraseverlived.比較：Iliveinthesamehousethatheusedtolivein.（同一個(gè)）I'mwearingthesameshirtasyouworeyesterday.（同一類）比較：Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.（定語從句）Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.（結(jié)果狀語從句）2.as引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句多單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句，這種定語從句可置于句首，句中或句尾，譯為"正如，這一點(diǎn)"。（動(dòng)詞常為know,see,expect,pointout,etc.）Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.(as作賓語)=Asisknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.（as作主語）=It'sknowntoallthatsmokingisharmfultoone'shealth.=Smokingisharmfultoone'shealth,asweallknow.=Smoking,asweallknow,isharmfultoone'health.Hewasaforeigner,asIknewfromhisaccent.(賓語,先行詞是前面整個(gè)句子)3.as和which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句的區(qū)別①位置的不同which引導(dǎo)的定語從句只置于所限定的句子后；as位置較靈活，也就是說as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如：Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.Jack,asyouknow,isanhonestman.或Jackisanhonestman,asyouknow.或Asyouknow,Jackisanhonestman.②先行詞的不同as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)，其先行詞多為一個(gè)句子；which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)，其先行詞可以是一個(gè)詞，一個(gè)短語或一個(gè)句子。Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.（先行詞是一個(gè)詞）Shewasverypatienttowardsthechildren,whichherhusbandseldomwas.Hewasproud,whichIdislikeverymuch.（先行詞是一個(gè)句子）Heisanhonestman,asisknowntoall.Hewasaforeigner,asIknowfromhisaccent.③which在非限定性定語從句做主語時(shí)可用各類動(dòng)詞做謂語；而as做主語時(shí)，謂語常用系動(dòng)詞，如be,seem,become等，一般不用其他行為動(dòng)詞。Hesawthegirl,whichdelightedhim.Hedidn’tsayanythingatthemeeting,as/whichseemedverystrange.④as一般譯為"正如""就像"，which翻譯成"這一點(diǎn)"。常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有asweallknow;asoftenhappens;asisoftenthecase;aswecansee;asisannounced/expected/known/imagined/mentioned/said/shown/reported等。八）定語從句特殊情況1.way和time后接定語從句的情況Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbutthewayeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(inwhich,that,不填))hesaidit.Thisisthesecondtime(that)thePresidenthasvisitedthecountry.Thiswasatatimewhen/duringwhichtherewerenoradios,notelephonesornoTVsets.注意：1)在定語從句中，theway在從句中充當(dāng)方式狀語時(shí)，其后的關(guān)系詞可以是inwhich,that或省略；但是當(dāng)它在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語等成分時(shí)，其后的關(guān)系詞就用that或which。2)先行詞是time，若time作“次數(shù)”講時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句，that可省略；若time作“一段時(shí)間，時(shí)代”講且作狀語時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when或介詞at/during＋which引導(dǎo)定語從句。2.定語從句含插入成份定語從句中可以在主語后插入像sbfeel/think/believe/suppose/say...成分，這并不影響定語從句，分析時(shí)只要找出來去掉就可以正常做題了。如：Thisisthewomanwhothemusiciansaidwasregardedasthebestpianistinthecountry.此句缺主語，所以不能用whom，不要看成say的賓語。Wewilldiscussthebenefits_________Ifeelhaveresultedfromtheproject.that/whichTheywenttotheplace________theybelievedtheycouldfindsomefood.where當(dāng)堂知識(shí)檢測(cè)1．Myfather,______wasoftenthecase,camewithmetogroceryshopsandtaughtmehowtopickoutproducebysmellandtouch.A．a(chǎn)s B．that C．what D．who2．TheSongDynastywasanexcitingperiodinChinesehistory,attheheightofpowerthecountry’spopulationdoubled.A．which B．whose C．where D．when3．—WheredidyouhavethediscussionwithProfessorSnow?—Itwasintheclassroomwehadabiologylessonyesterday.A．which B．when C．that D．where4．TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies________livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.A．who B．where C．which D．that5．Thestudyshowsthatthenumberofpeople______weightposesaseriousthreattotheirhealthisgreaterthaneverbefore.A．where B．whose C．which D．when6．Peoplesituncomfortablyonplasticchairs,lookingthrougholdmagazines,________havebeenreadhundredsoftimespreviously.A．a(chǎn)llofthem B．eachofwhich C．a(chǎn)llofwhich D．eachofthem7．Withregardtobrilliantperformances,annualsportsmeetingservesasafabulousplatform,________youareexpectedtocheertheathletesonbycheerleading.A．不填 B．that C．where D．which8．________weallknow,thebeautyofcalligraphyconsistsintheinnerpeace________youexperienceChinesebrilliantculture.A．As;inwhich B．As;whenC．That;what D．That;where.9．_____isknowntoeverybody，sheiswell-knownforherbeautifulsongs.A．It B．AsC．That D．What10．JacksonturnedoutattheGrammyAwards,________musicartistsaregivenanawardfortheirartisticortechnicalachievement.A．when B．where C．which D．whose11．Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegree________theycanbecontrolledonpurpose.A．forwhich B．towhich C．ofwhich D．onwhich12．Studentswillencountermanychallengesintheuniversitiesforthefirstyear,________gettingusedtoanewenvironmentquicklycomestobethemostimportantone.A．ofwhich B．forwhich C．towhich D．bywhich13．Heisconfident,________,inmyopinion,ismostimportantinmodernsociety.A．who B．which C．that D．what14．Recentlytheyhavebeendevelopinganewkindofdrug,________effectswearegreatlyconcerned.A．towhose B．a(chǎn)boutwhose C．towhich D．a(chǎn)boutwhich15．Wehaveenteredanage________dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.A．when B．that C．which D．what16．Haveyoueverhadacase________someoneaccusedyourjournalistofgettingthewrongendofthestick?A．a(chǎn)s B．when C．where D．which17．ItwasApril29,2001________PrinceWilliamandKateMiddletonwalkedintothepalacehalloftheweddingceremony.A．that B．when C．since D．before18．WhenIwentbacktomyhometownyearslater,Isawabeautifulpark,______hadbeenawastelandformanyyears.A．that B．who C．when D．which19．Ihavesentherseveralletters,________shehasn’trepliedsofar,soIfeelalittlesad.A．withwhich B．inwhich C．towhich D．onwhich20．Lastwinter,partofBritainwasstruckbysnowstorms,from________effectsmostpassengersinHeathrowweresufferingalot,especiallythosewithchildren.A．which B．what C．whose D．That21．Goodadvertising,________peopleattachpositivemeaning,cancontributetothesalesofaproduct.A．towhich B．ofwhich C．forwhich D．onwhich22．________isoftenthecaseallovertheworldwithnewareasofeconomicactivity,thesharingeconomyisdevelopingfasterthanexistingregulations.A．As B．That C．It D．Which23．Judgingfromhisface________therewasaconfidentsmile,weknewthathedidn’tloseheart.A．inwhichB．fromwhichC．bywhichD．onwhich24．TheseterraceswerebuiltbythelocalZhuangandYaopeople,Guangxiishome.A．forwhich B．forwhom C．towhich D．towhom25．Thebookdiscussestheextent________familylifehaschangedoverthepast50years.A．where B．inwhich C．towhich D．that26．Pollutedairdoesmuchharmtous,long-timeexposureto________canaffectourabilitiesintwoareas:languageandmathematics.A．it B．that C．which D．what27．Self-drivingisanarea________Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.A．that B．whereC．which D．when28．Computergraphicstechnologyhasnowreachedthepoint,________specialeffectscanbeusedtodojustaboutanything.A．which B．whose C．where D．when29．_____isknowntoall,Chinawillbean_____andpowerfulcountryin20or30yearsorso.A．That;advancing B．This;advanced C．As;advanced D．It;advancing30．Therearesomecases________thisruledoesnotholdgood.A．that B．which C．when D．where31．Isthisacase_____knowingthefactsactuallywouldbeworsethannotknowing?A．where B．that C．when D．which32．HowIregretted________hardatschool,________ledtothefailureinmycareer!A．nottostudy;which B．nothavingstudied;thatC．nothavingstudied;which D．nottostudy;that33．Thereason________shedidn’tgetthejobwas________herEnglishwasnotverygood.A．which;that B．why;thatC．why;because D．that;because34．Isthisthereason________atthemeetingforthecarelessnessinthework?A．heexplained B．whatheexplainedC．howheexplained D．whyheexplained35．Therearealtogetherfifty--fourstudentsinourclass,isanewcomerfromafarawaymountainvillage.A．themostdiligentofwhoB．butthemostdiligentofwhomC．themostdiligentofthemD．ofwhomthemostdiligent36．Ihavemanyfriends,somearebusinessmen.A．ofthem B．fromwhichC．ofwhom D．whoof37．Theantrunsitsownbodyeverysecond,________itisquickerthananOlympic100-meterrunner.A．a(chǎn)s108timesaslong;meaning B．108timeslongerthan;whichmeaningC．108timesthelengthof;whichmeans D．108timeshowlong;meaning38．Ihopetosetupourcompanyinwillbeapromisingland,aplaceisfullofopportunities.A．where,where B．where,that C．what,where D．what,that39．TheTempleofHeavenisacomplexofbuildings________emperorsoftheMingandQingdynastiesinChinaworshipedheaven.A．what B．where C．which D．when40．Theylivedinabeautifulhouse,_________thewindowsweredecoratedwithpapercuttings.A．ofwhich B．onwhich C．withwhich D．bywhich41．Inthemiddleofthisparticularscene,Ispotasmallgirl______ankleistwiceitsnormalsize.A．which B．that C．whose D．who42．Mostwomenidentifiedatleastonetrustedfriends__________theycouldturninatroublemoment.A．offwhich B．onwhich C．towhom D．upwhom43．I’llshareastorywithyouthisclass,one________musiccantouchone’ssoulandchangeone’slife.A．that B．which C．when D．where44．TherearesomecharactersinJaneAusten’sbooksin________livesaslightfallofsnowisanevent.A．her B．whom C．whose D．their45．Haveyoueverdreamedofsinginginfrontofanaudienceofthousandsataconcert,_______everyoneisclappingandappreciatingyourmusic?A．who B．that C．which D．where46．Thereareoccasions________backpackersaresotiredthattheyfallasleepalmostanywhere.A．when B．where C．which D．that47．Generallyspeaking,thegenerationgapisactuallyatechnologygap,________childrenupdatethemselvesonthelatesttechnologywhileparentsdropbehind.A．where B．when C．which D．that48．WhenIwasyoung,myparentsgavemeanupbringingpreparedmeforthelifechallengesmostofushavetofacelaterinlife.A．that B．what C．where D．whose49．WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakes________wecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.A．ofwhom B．a(chǎn)boutwhich C．fromwhich D．bywhom50．Iwillneverforgetthescene________yousawmeoffintearsatthestation.A．which B．why C．what D．where參考答案：1．A【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：我的父親，正如經(jīng)常做的一樣，和我一起去雜貨店，教我如何通過嗅覺和觸覺挑選農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句，從句中缺少主語，關(guān)系詞指代主句內(nèi)容，空格處意為“正如”，用關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，故選A。2．B【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：宋朝是中國(guó)歷史上一個(gè)激動(dòng)人心的時(shí)期，在其鼎盛時(shí)期，全國(guó)人口翻了一番?？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)的是定語從句，SongDynasty和power之間是所屬關(guān)系，因此用表所屬的whose引導(dǎo)定語從句，故選B。3．D【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：——你和斯諾教授在哪里討論的？——在我們昨天上生物課的教室里。分析可知，空格處引導(dǎo)的是限制性定語從句，從句中不缺主語或賓語，先行詞classroom是地方，因此空格處用關(guān)系副詞where，故選D。4．D【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：GPNP旨在為生活在大熊貓范圍內(nèi)的所有物種提供更有力的保護(hù)，并顯著改善該地區(qū)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的健康狀況。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞species，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，先行詞指物，且先行詞前有all修飾，只能用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)從句。故選D。5．B【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：研究表明，體重對(duì)健康構(gòu)成嚴(yán)重威脅的人數(shù)比以往任何時(shí)候都多。分析句子可知，此處為限定性定語從句。先行詞是people，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作定語，故用whose引導(dǎo)。故選B。6．C【詳解】考查非限制性定語從句關(guān)系詞，主謂一致。句意：人們不舒服地坐在塑料椅子上翻閱著舊雜志，這些雜志以前已經(jīng)被讀過幾百次了。A.allofthem它們?nèi)?；B.eachofwhich它們中每一個(gè)；C.allofwhich它們?nèi)慷?；D.eachofthem它們中每一個(gè)。該空需要使用關(guān)系代詞which代替先行詞magazines引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；根據(jù)空后have可知，主語應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)意義，應(yīng)使用all。故選C項(xiàng)。7．C【詳解】考查非限定性定語從句。句意：關(guān)于精彩的表演，年度運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)是一個(gè)絕佳的平臺(tái)，預(yù)計(jì)你會(huì)在這里通過啦啦隊(duì)為運(yùn)動(dòng)員加油。分析句意可知，此處需要使用連接詞引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，因先行詞platform“平臺(tái)”為抽象地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故使用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)合適。故選C項(xiàng)。8．B【詳解】考查從句。句意：眾所周知，當(dāng)你體驗(yàn)中國(guó)燦爛的文化時(shí)，書法的美在于內(nèi)心的平靜。分析句意可知，第一空使用連詞as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，構(gòu)成的asweallknow意為“周所周知”；第二空使用連詞when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。故選B項(xiàng)。9．B【詳解】考查非限制性定語從句。句意：眾所周知，她以優(yōu)美的歌曲而聞名。分析句子可知，空格處為一個(gè)非限制性定語從句缺少關(guān)系詞表示“正如”，應(yīng)使用as為關(guān)系代詞，指代主句整個(gè)內(nèi)容符合句意。若用it，則為：Itisknowntoeverybodythatsheis...句型中It是形式主語。故選B項(xiàng)。10．B【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：杰克遜出席了格萊美頒獎(jiǎng)典禮，這是音樂藝術(shù)家因其藝術(shù)或技術(shù)成就而獲獎(jiǎng)的地方。先行詞為theGrammyAwards，在非限制性定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)從句。故填where。11．B【詳解】考查“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。句意：人類的面部表情與動(dòng)物的不同之處在于它們可以在多大程度上被有意控制。表達(dá)“到達(dá)某種程度”應(yīng)用to...degree，先行詞是degree，作介詞to的賓語，應(yīng)用which。故選B。12．A【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：在大學(xué)的第一年，學(xué)生們將面臨許多挑戰(zhàn)，其中最重要的挑戰(zhàn)之一是迅速適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。先行詞為manychallenges，定語從句為gettingusedtoanewenvironmentquicklycomestobethemostimportantoneof，先行詞表示物作賓語，用which，of提前。故選A項(xiàng)。13．B【詳解】考查非限定性定語從句。句意：他很自信，在我看來，這是在社會(huì)上最重要的。此處為非限定性定語從句，關(guān)系詞指代前面的內(nèi)容，在從句中作主語，用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，故選B項(xiàng)。14．B【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：最近他們?cè)谘兄埔环N新藥，其效果引起了我們的高度關(guān)注。此處為介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞anewkindofdrug，結(jié)合短語beconcernedabout可知應(yīng)用介詞about，從句缺少定語。故選B。15．A【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：我們已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了一個(gè)夢(mèng)想最有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的時(shí)代。此處為定語從句修飾先行詞anage（一個(gè)時(shí)代），并在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)。故選A。16．C【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：你有沒有遇到過這樣的情況，有人指責(zé)你的記者說錯(cuò)了方向？空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞是case，關(guān)系詞代替它在從句中作抽象的地點(diǎn)狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。故選C。17．B【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：2001年4月29日，威廉王子和凱特·米德爾頓走進(jìn)婚禮大廳?？仗幰龑?dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是April29,2001，代替它在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when。故選B。18．D【詳解】考查定語從句的連接詞。句意：幾年后但我回到家鄉(xiāng)，我看到了一個(gè)美麗的公園，公園已經(jīng)是一個(gè)濕地了。根據(jù)句子分析可知，此處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞為abeautifulpark，指物，從句中缺少主語，故應(yīng)用which引導(dǎo)，故選D。19．C【詳解】考查“介詞+which”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。句意：我給她寫了好幾封信，她到現(xiàn)在還沒有回信，所以我有點(diǎn)難過。分析句子可知，此處為“介詞+which”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，其中repliedtoletters是固定短語，意為“回信”，故將介詞to放在which前，先行詞letters在從句作repliedto的賓語。故選C項(xiàng)。20．C【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：去年冬天，英國(guó)部分地區(qū)遭受了暴風(fēng)雪的襲擊，希思羅機(jī)場(chǎng)的大多數(shù)乘客都受到了暴風(fēng)雪的影響，尤其是那些有孩子的乘客。此處是非限定性定語從句，先行詞是snowstorms，關(guān)系詞替代先行詞在從句中作effects的定語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)。故選C。21．A【詳解】考查定語從句和固定搭配。句意：人們賦予積極的意義好廣告可以促進(jìn)產(chǎn)品的銷售。分析句子可知，空處是“介詞+關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，attach...to...附上，添加，固定搭配，故此處介詞用to，先行詞是Goodadvertising，關(guān)系詞在從句中作介詞賓語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which，故選A。22．A【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：與世界各地新經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)領(lǐng)域的情況一樣，共享經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展速度快于現(xiàn)有法規(guī)。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處在句中引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句，此處從句修飾整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容，這是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，從句中缺少主語，此處整個(gè)從句位于主句前，應(yīng)用as引導(dǎo)。as和which均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾整個(gè)主句，區(qū)別在于as引導(dǎo)的從句可位于主句前，也可位于主句后；而which引導(dǎo)的從句一般位于主句后；且as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，有“正如”之意，而which沒有。故選A項(xiàng)。23．D【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：從他臉上露出自信的微笑來看，我們知道他并沒有灰心?？仗幰龑?dǎo)定語從句，hisface是先行詞，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，帶入從句中為therewasaconfidentsmileonhisface，因此需用onwhich引導(dǎo)定語從句。故選D。24．D【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：這些梯田是當(dāng)?shù)貕炎搴同幾迦私ㄔ斓?，廣西是他們的家鄉(xiāng)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句，從句部分結(jié)構(gòu)完整，應(yīng)該用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知使用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”形式，分析知關(guān)系詞指代先行詞people并在從句中作介詞to的賓語，從句中hometo為固定搭配意為“是……的故鄉(xiāng)”，故填towhom。故選D項(xiàng)。25．C【詳解】考查介詞和定語從句。句意：這本書討論了過去50年家庭生活的變化程度。extent通常和介詞to搭配，totheextent...“到……的程度/地步”，代替先行詞extent作介詞to的賓語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)從句。故選C。26．C【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：污染的空氣對(duì)我們危害很大，長(zhǎng)期暴露在這樣的空氣中會(huì)影響我們?cè)趦蓚€(gè)方面的能力：語言和數(shù)學(xué)。分析可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是Pollutedair，關(guān)系詞代替它作介詞to的賓語，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)從句。故選C。27．B【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：自動(dòng)駕駛是一個(gè)中國(guó)和世界其它國(guó)家都在同一起跑線的領(lǐng)域。此處是限定性定語從句，先行詞為area，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where，相當(dāng)于inwhich。故選B。28．C【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：計(jì)算機(jī)圖形技術(shù)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)達(dá)到了這樣一個(gè)地步，特殊效果可以用來做任何事情。分析句子可知，句子為非限制性定語從句，先行詞為“point”，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞“where”引導(dǎo)從句。故選C項(xiàng)。29．C【詳解】考查定語從句和形容詞。句意：眾所周知，中國(guó)將在2