【期末考點(diǎn)精練】專題04-外研版七下重點(diǎn)語法精練（解析版）

【期末考點(diǎn)精練】專題04外研版七下重點(diǎn)語法精練（解析版）一代詞包括人稱代詞、物主代詞、不定代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、反身代詞、it用法。其中人稱代詞的用法是重中之重，它包括主格和賓格，人稱代詞主格在句子充當(dāng)主語；人稱代詞的賓格在句中充當(dāng)動(dòng)詞、介詞的賓語或表語。第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱主格Iweyouyouheshethey賓格meusyouyouhimherthem如：--Whoisthatboy?--HeisTom.物主代詞的用法(表示所屬關(guān)系，包括形容詞性物主代詞的用法和名詞性物主代詞的用法)：1.形容詞性物主代詞在句子中作定語修飾名詞，不單獨(dú)使用。2.名詞性物主代詞常用來代替前面已提及的名詞，相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”。3.名詞性物主代詞可用在of后面作賓語，相當(dāng)于“of+名詞所有格”，表示帶有部分概念或者有一定的感情色彩。物主代詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱形容詞性物主代詞myouryouryourherhisitstheir名詞性物主代詞mineoursyoursyourshershisitstheirs如：--Whosebagisthat?--Itismine.隨堂練習(xí)一．用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Thatisnot_________camera._________isathome.(he)2._________dressesarered.(we)Whatcolorare_________?(you)3.Icanfindmytoy,butwhere’s_________?(you)4.Arethese______tickets?No,______arenot._______aren’there.(they)5.Whereare_________?Ican’tfind_________.Let’scall_________parents.(they)【答案】1.his,his2.our,yours3.yours4.their,they,theirs5.they,them,their二、用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空1.Annismyaunt.Weoftenvisit.2.Thesenewhousesaresonice.areveryexpensive.3.Mydeskisoverthere.Thisisnot.4.Mikeismyclassmate.isgoodatPE.5.Weareinthesameclass.classroomisbigandnice.6.That’sacat.nameisMimi.7.SamandPeter,lookathands.Theyaresodirty.8.Marylikesredclothes.Theskirtmaybe.9.Look!Thedogisrunningeverywhere.dogisit?10.Ournewshoesareverycomfortable.Whatabout?【答案】1.her2.They3.mine4.He5.Our6.Its7.your8.hers9.Whose10.yours二情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(1)有一定的詞義但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，必須和行為動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞連用，構(gòu)成謂語。(2)無人稱和數(shù)的變化（haveto例外，其第三人稱單數(shù)形式為hasto）。如：Wemuststayhere.后接動(dòng)詞原形，即不帶to的不定式。如|：Hemayloseherway.(4)具有助動(dòng)詞的作用，可用來構(gòu)成否定句、疑問句及用于簡明答語。如：--CanyousinganEnglishsong?--Yes,Ican.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can的用法：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can后面跟動(dòng)詞原形。它可以表示能力，譯為“能，會(huì)”；可以表示懷疑、推測，譯為“可能”；表示請求、允許，譯為“可以”。本單元主語集中講述can的肯定、否定和疑問形式。表示能力，譯為“能，會(huì)”。如：Canyouplaybasketball?表示懷疑、推測，譯為“可能”，常用于否定句和疑問句中。如：Lucycan’tbeintheroom.表示請求、允許，譯為“可以”，相當(dāng)于may。如：Youcangonow.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can的肯定句變否定句時(shí)，直接在它后面加not；肯定句變一般疑問句時(shí)，把can提前即可。見下表：肯定句主語+can+動(dòng)詞原形。。。否定句主語+cannot\can’t+動(dòng)詞原形。。。一般疑問句Can+主語+動(dòng)詞原形。。。？肯定回答Yes,主語+can.否定回答No,主語+can\t.如：Mysistercansing.Mysistercan’tsing.--Canyoursistersing?--Yes,shecan.--No,shecan’t.隨堂練習(xí)一．用can或can’t填空1.—yousing?—Yes,butIsingwell.2.—Ihelpyou?—Iwantapairofshoes.3.—youplaythepiano?—Sorry,I,butIdance.4.Maryrideabike,metoo!5.Ibelievethatwearewrong.【答案】1.Can,can’t2.Can3.Can,can’t,can4.can5.can’t二．完成句子--你會(huì)做飯嗎，貝蒂？--不，我不會(huì)做。--__________you__________,Betty?--No,Ican’t.她能加入哪個(gè)俱樂部？______________________________shejoin?我漢語說得不好。I____________________Chineseverywell.我會(huì)彈鋼琴。I______________________________piano.莉薩會(huì)幫媽媽打掃衛(wèi)生。Lisa____________________hermother__________cleaning.【答案】1.Can,cook2.Whichclubcan3.Canspeak4.Canplaythe5.canhelp,do三一般將來時(shí)“begongto+動(dòng)詞原形”表示計(jì)劃、打算做某事，表示已決定的、很可能發(fā)生的事，或有某種跡象表明要發(fā)生的事。如：Whatareyougoingtodonextweek?下周日你打算干什么？Lookatthedarkclouds.Thereisgongtobeastorm.看那烏云，暴風(fēng)雨就要來臨了。注意：在下面幾種情況下只可用shall\will表示將來，而不可用begoingto結(jié)構(gòu)。表示有禮貌地詢問對方是否愿意或表示客氣地邀請或命令時(shí)。如：Willyoupleaselendmeyourbike?請你把自行車借給我用一下好嗎？表示意愿時(shí)。如：I’llcheckthisletterforyou,ifyouwant.你要愿意，我會(huì)給你查查這封信的。表示單純的將來，與人的主管愿望和判斷無關(guān)時(shí)。如：Thesunwillriseathalfpastsixtomorrowmorning.明天早上太陽將在6：30升起。begoingto在句中一般用在其他動(dòng)詞之前。be包括am\is\are。根據(jù)be的句法要求，可以推斷出begoingtodosth的否定形式和疑問形式，見下表：肯定否定一般疑問回答I’mgoingtovisitBeijing.I’mnotgoingtovisitBeijing.AreyougoingtovisitBeijing?Yes,Iam.No,I’mnot.Youaregoingtotheparktomorrow.Youarenotgoingtotheparktomorrow.Areyougoingtotheparktomorrow?Yes,youare.No,I’mnot.He\Sheisgoingtobuysomeclothes.He\Sheisnotgoingtobuysomeclothes.Ishe\shegoingtobuysomeclothes?Yes,he\sheis.No,he\sheisn’t.Itisgoingtorain.Itisnotgoingtorain.Isitgoingtorain?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.Wearegoingtohaveapicnic.Wearenotgoingtohaveapicnic.Arewegoingtohaveapicnic?Yes,weare.No,wearen’t.Theyaregoingtohaveaparty.Theyarenotgoingtohaveaparty.Aretheygoingtohaveaparty?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.其特殊疑問句形式是由特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句構(gòu)成。如：--Whataretheygoingtodothisevening?--Theyaregoingtoseeafilm.--Whereishegoingtohavehisbirthdayparty?--Athome.隨堂練習(xí)一．用am/is/aregoingto填空1.Whohaveapianolessonontheweekend?2.MymotherandIdosomeshoppingnextSunday.3.—Whatyoudotomorrow?—Icleanmycar.4.Myson’shairistoolong.Hehaveahaircutattheweekend.5.Therebetwofootballmatchesonourplayground.【答案】1.isgoingto2.aregoingto3.are,goingto,amgoingto4.isgoingto5.aregoingto二．用一般將來時(shí)begoingto連詞成句1.Friday,what,do,next,he（?）2.have,we,a,on,picnic,morning,Sunday（.）3.I,email,check,my（.）4.they,a,cake,make（?）5.Lucy,France,in,travel（.）【答案】1.WhatishegoingtodonextFriday?2.WearegoingtohaveapicniconSundaymorning.3.Iamgoingtocheckmyemail.4.Aretheygoingtomakeacake?5.LucyisgoingtotravelinFrance.三．完成句子1.我和莉莉打算去野餐。LilyandI________________________________________apicnic.2.瑪麗打算去上鋼琴課。Mary______________________________haveapianolesson.3.周末你打算做什么？__________areyougoing____________________attheweekend?4.我打算今天下午查看我的郵件。I________________________________________myemailthisafternoon.5.他們下周日打算去買書。They________________________________________booksnextSunday.【答案】1.aregoingtohave2.Isgoingto3.What,todo4.amgoingtocheck5.aregoingtobuy一般將來時(shí)：will+do表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，其結(jié)構(gòu)是will+動(dòng)詞原形，常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用，如tomorrow,next...,inafewdays,in+一段時(shí)間，in+將來的年份等。如：Willyoubebackintwodays?你將在兩天之后回來嗎？TheywillleaveforShanghainextweek.他們下周將去上海。當(dāng)主語是I或we時(shí)，疑問句中一般使用shall,表示征求對方意見。如？Whereshallwemeettomorrow?明天我們在哪里見面？即：肯定句是：主語+will+動(dòng)詞原形否定句是：主語+willnot(won’t)+動(dòng)詞原形一般疑問句是：Will+主語+動(dòng)詞原形？隨堂練習(xí)Mary__________tothepartynextweekend.A.goes B.willgo C.went D.hasgone【答案】：B【解析】：本題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。由nextweekend可知要用一般將來時(shí)。故答案為B。Steven’sparentshimoffattheairporttomorrow.willsee B.saw C.see D.hasseen【答案】：A【解析】：本題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。由tomorrow可知要用一般將來時(shí)。故答案為A。IthefilmifIamfreenextSunday.sees B.saw C.willsee D.hasseen【答案】：C【解析】：本題考查一般將來時(shí)。If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，當(dāng)主句是一般將來時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來，即“主將從現(xiàn)”，故選C。Everyoneasmallandlightcomputerinthefuture.had B.willhave C.has D.ishaving【答案】：B【解析】：本題考查一般經(jīng)來時(shí)。根據(jù)inthefuture“在將來”可知要用一般將來時(shí)，故選擇B。I30yearsoldin2040.willbe B.am C.was D.were【答案】：A【解析】：本題考查一般將來時(shí)。根據(jù)in+2040，將來的年份可知選擇A。四特殊疑問句的用法疑問句主要包括一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和反意疑問句。單詞意思用法when什么時(shí)間問時(shí)間who誰問人whose誰的問主人where在哪里問地點(diǎn)which哪一個(gè)問選擇why為什么問原因what什么問東西whattime什么時(shí)間問時(shí)間whatcolor什么顏色問顏色whatabout…怎么樣問意見whatday星期幾問星期whatdate什么日期問具體日期whatfor為何目的問目的how…怎么樣問情況howold多大問年齡howmany多少問數(shù)量howmuch多少問價(jià)錢howabout…怎么樣問意見howfar多遠(yuǎn)問路程WhatcanIdoforyou?我能為你做什么？Whatcolordoeshelike?他喜歡什么顏色？Howmucharethey?他們多少錢？隨堂練習(xí)一．補(bǔ)全對話（每空詞數(shù)不限）1.—canIdoyou?—I’dliketobuyaT-shirtformyson.2.—doeshelike?—Helikeswhite.3.—doyoutake?—Small.4.—MayItryiton?—.5.—wouldyoulike?—Halfakilo.6.—arethey?—Thirty-eightyuanakilo.7.—lemonsarethereonthetable?—Therearesevenlemonsonthetable.8.—isitfromyourhousetoschool?—Idon’tknow.9.—doyougetupeveryday?—At6:30.10.—willyoustaythere?—Forsevendays.【答案】1.What,for2.Whatcolour3.Whatsize4.Certainly/Sure/OK/Ofcourse5.Howmuch6.Howmuch7.Howmany8.Howfar9.Whattime10.Howlong五一般過去時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)、過去的特征、過去的行為等。和一般過去時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有：last...\yesterday\....ago\inthepast\theotherday\atthattime\justnow\in1990等。如：Iwasbornin2000.Hewenttothemuseumyesterday.Weclimbedthemountainlastweek.be動(dòng)詞在一般過去時(shí)中的變化：am和is在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as;are在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。隨堂練習(xí)一．用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Myuncleilllastweek.2.Iatschoolthismorning,butnowIathome.3.Weallathomelastnight.4.Mybrotherintheparkjustnow.5.youborninBeijing?6.—DamingandLinglingdifficultinclass?—No,they.7.—Whereyourfatherborn?—HeborninShanghai.8.—Howtheweatheryesterday?—Ithot.9.—Whatthepeoplelikethere?—Theyfriendly.10.—Washisteacher’snameMsLi?—Yes,it.【答案】1.was2.was,am3.were4.was5.Were6.Were,weren’t7.was,was8.was,was9.were,were10.was二．用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.IanEnglishteachernow.2.Shehappyyesterday.3.Theygladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.4.HelenandNancygoodfriends.5.Thelittledogtwoyearsoldlastyear.【答案】1.am2.was3.were4.are5.was規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式的變化規(guī)則變化規(guī)則原形過去式一般動(dòng)詞詞尾加-edwalklookwalkedlooked以“元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾”的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，雙寫輔音字母再加-edstopstepstoppedstepped以“輔音字母+y結(jié)尾”的動(dòng)詞，y變?yōu)閕,再加-edhurrymarryhurriedmarried一般過去時(shí)的肯定、否定、疑問和回答方式的變化如下：肯定否定一般疑問句回答Istartedschoolatfive.Ididn’t(didn’t)startschoolatfive.DidIstartschoolatfive?Yes,Idid.No,Ididn’t.Youtookawalkthismorning.Youdidn’t(didn’t)takeawalkthismorning.Didyoutakeawalkthismorning?Yes,youdid.No,youdidn’t.He\ShemovedtoLondon.He\Shedidn’t(didn’t)movetoLondon.Didhe\shemovetoLondon?Yes,he\shedid.No,he\shedidn’t.Itrainedheavily.Itdidn’t(didn’t)rainheavily.Diditrainheavily?Yes,itdid.No,itdidn’t.Weplayedfootballyesterday.Wedidn’t(didn’t)playfootballyesterday.Didweplayfootballyesterday?Yes,wedid.No,wedidn’t.Theyplayedbasketballlastweek.Theydidn’t(didn’t)playbasketballlastweek.Didtheyplaybasketballlastweek?Yes,theydid.No,theydidn’t.隨堂練習(xí)一．用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.I（have）anexcitingpartylastweekend.2.—she（practice）herguitaryesterday?—No,shedidn’t.3.WhatTom（do）lastSaturday?4.Theyall（go）tothemountainsyesterdaymorning.5.She（notvisit）herauntlastweekend.She（stay）athomeand（do）somecleaning.6．I（leave）Englandyesterdayafternoon.7．Thecat（be）inthegardenjustnow.8．Thefilm（begin）20minutesago.9．Betty（get）abeautifulscarfonherbirthdaylastweek.10．I（take）anumbrella,butitdidn’train.【答案】1.had2.Did,practise3.did,do4.went5.didn’tvisit,stayed,did6.left7.was8.began9.got10.took六祈使句祈使句一般沒有主語，說話的對象都是第二人稱“你”或“你們”，所以也可以理解為省略了主語you。以動(dòng)詞原形開頭，無時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。祈使句的否定形式是在動(dòng)詞原形前加don’t。有時(shí)可用never。在表達(dá)請求時(shí)，可以加上please；表達(dá)比較強(qiáng)烈的語氣時(shí)，可以用感嘆號。有時(shí)為了加強(qiáng)語氣，可以在動(dòng)詞之前加上do，表示“務(wù)必，一定”。例如：Comein!Bequiet!Don’tworry.Sitdown,please!Dolookout!隨堂練習(xí)單項(xiàng)選擇__________carefully,Michael!Thereisaschoolahead.A.Drive B.Todrive C.Drove D.Driving【答案】A【解析】：考查祈使句的用法，祈使句是以動(dòng)詞原形開頭，故答案是A。__________wakeupyoursister.Sheneedsagoodsleep.A.Don’t B.Doesn’t C.Aren’t D.Can’t【答案】A【解析】：考查祈使句否定式的用法，否定式是在動(dòng)詞前加don’t，故選A。__________speakloudlyinthereadingroom.A.Can’t B.Doesn’t C.Aren’t D.Don’t 【答案】D【解析】：考查祈使句否定式的用法，句意為“不要在閱覽室大聲說話”故選D。__________me,please！A.Helps B.Help C.Tohelp D.Helping【答案】B【解析】：考查祈使句表示請求的用法，故選擇B。__________listencarefullyinclass.A.Do B.Does C.Did D.Doing【答案】A【解析】：考查祈使句表示加強(qiáng)語氣的用法，動(dòng)詞原形前加do，故選擇A。感嘆句是用來表達(dá)人的特殊情感的句子，可以表達(dá)人的喜、怒、哀、樂等感情色彩。感嘆句可以是一個(gè)單詞、一個(gè)不定式短語、一個(gè)由短語構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立句，也可以是由what\how引導(dǎo)的句子，句末常用“！”。七what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句What+a\an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式+主語+謂語！Whatabeautifulgirlsheis！What+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式+主語+謂語！Whatimportantjobst