Unit 1 Food for thought 期末語法復(fù)習(xí)講解與練習(xí)

2/2Unit1Foodforthought—2023-2024學(xué)年高一英語外研版（2019）必修第二冊期末復(fù)習(xí)敲重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)整合知識目標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)本課時下的重點(diǎn)單詞和詞組，要求會讀、會寫、掌握意義及靈活運(yùn)用能力目標(biāo)能夠充分利用字典和小組合作學(xué)習(xí)等方式探究英語中的語言現(xiàn)象和語法，培養(yǎng)自主學(xué)習(xí)能力情感目標(biāo)培養(yǎng)改善不良飲食習(xí)慣，健康合理飲食的思想思維導(dǎo)圖回顧知識重難知識易混易錯情態(tài)動詞1.beableto的用法beableto表示“經(jīng)過努力而成功地做成某事”，有人稱和時態(tài)的變化，不能與can連用。IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhattheyhaddoneforme.我過了好久才能完全理解他們?yōu)槲易龅氖虑椤oughthoughthetaskwas,wewereabletofinishitaheadoftimeandthereforewewerepraisedforit.盡管這項(xiàng)任務(wù)很難，但我們還是提前完成了，并因此得到了表揚(yáng)。Ifwekeeptrying,wewillbeabletoachieveourgoals.如果我們不斷嘗試，我們將能實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的目標(biāo)。2.haveto的用法haveto表示"不得不，必須"，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀上的必要性。否定式為don't/doesn't/didn'thaveto。Youhavetowearuniformwhenonduty,don'tyou?你在值班時必須穿制服，不是嗎？Wedon'thavetorush-there'splentyoftime.我們不必著急——有很多時間。haveto有人稱和時態(tài)的變化。Hehastopassanexaminationbeforehecanstartwork.他必須考試及格才能開始工作。YesterdaymorningIhadtocallonafriend.昨天早上我必須去拜訪一個朋友。Ifyouearnmorethan￡5,000,youwillhavetopaytax.如果你賺了超過5000英鎊，你就得納稅。3.hadbetter的用法hadbetter表示“應(yīng)該，最好”，沒有人稱和時態(tài)的變化。其否定式是hadbetternot。We'dbetterleavenoworwe'llmissthebus.我們最好現(xiàn)在就走,否則就趕不上公共汽車了。You'dbetternottellOliverthenews.你最好不要告訴奧利弗這個消息。4.dare的用法dare作情態(tài)動詞常用于疑問句、否定句及條件句中，表示“敢于，膽敢”，沒有人稱變化，但有過去式。Hedaren'tspeakEnglishinpublic.他不敢在公共場合說英語。Shedarenotsaywhatshethinks.她不敢把她想的說出來。Thelittlegirlwasfrightenedatthesightofthesnake,shuthereyesanddarednothaveasecondlookatit.小女孩看到蛇嚇壞了，閉上眼睛不敢再看它一眼。dare也可以做實(shí)義動詞，其用法如下：做實(shí)義動詞時，有人稱，時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化；在肯定句中，其后常接帶to的不定式；在否定句和疑問句中，既可接帶to的不定式，也可接不帶to的不定式；否定式和疑問句時，要借助dodoesdid等助動詞。Hedarestochallengeallkindsofdifficulties.他敢于挑戰(zhàn)各種困難。Hedoesn'tdare(to)gotherealone.他不敢自己去那里。5.need的用法need作情態(tài)動詞多用在疑問句和否定句中，表示“需要”，沒有時態(tài)和人稱的變化。Ifshewantsanything,sheneedonlyask.她如果想要什么東西，只要開一下口就行了。Thisisfreeservice;youneedn'tpayforit.這是免費(fèi)服務(wù),你不必付錢。對need引出的一般疑問句作肯定回答時要用must，作否定回答時要用needn't或don'thaveto。-NeedIhandintheapplicationnow?我需要現(xiàn)在交申請表嗎？-Yes,youmust./No,youdon'thaveto.是的,你必須（現(xiàn)在交）。/不，你不必（現(xiàn)在交）。練習(xí)：選擇合適的情態(tài)動詞并用其適當(dāng)形式填空,每詞限用一次beableto,dare,haveto,hadbetter,need1.Afraidofthedogsintheyard,Tom_____notgooutofthehouse.2.It'squitewarmtodaysowe_____notturntheheatingon.3.You_____arriveatthemeetingearlysothatyouwillnotmissanythingimportant.4.He_____walkhomeyesterdaybecausehiscarbrokedown.5.Mozart,agreatestpianist,_____playthepianowhenhewas4yearsold.答案：1.dare2.need3.hadbetter4.hadto5.wasableto解析：1.句意：由于害怕院子里的狗，湯姆不敢走出這個房子。dare意為“敢，敢于”。2.句意:今天很暖和，所以我們不需要開暖氣。need意為“需要”。3.句意:你最好早點(diǎn)到會上，以便你不會錯過任何重要的事情。hadbetter意為“最好”。4.句意：他昨天不得不步行回家，因?yàn)樗能噳牧恕aveto意為“不得不”，根據(jù)yesterday和brokedown可知，本空應(yīng)用一般過去時。5.句意:莫扎特，一位偉大的鋼琴家，在他4歲的時候就能夠彈奏鋼琴了。beableto意為“能夠”，根據(jù)時間狀語whenhewas4yearsold可知，本空應(yīng)用一般過去時。核心素養(yǎng)對接高考閱讀理解一、Overtheyears,BrianWansink,directoroftheFoodandBrandLabatCornellUniversity,hasstudiedsuchthingsashowfarAmericanstypicallydrivetobuyfood,howmanytimeswerefillourplatesatall-you-can-eatbuffetsandhowweorganizeourkitchens.Inthemid-2000shefamouslycoinedthephrasemindlesseating"(andwroteabookbythatname)tofocusattentiononallthebaddietarydecisionswemakewithoutreallythinkingaboutthem.Hisnewbook,SlimbyDesign:MindlessEatingSolutionsforEverydayLife,aimstochangethedesignofrestaurants,schoollunchrooms,officecafeteriasandhomessothatthemindlesschoiceswemakewillbemorehealthfulones.Herearesomeexamples.Keepkitchencountersclear.Novisiblesnackfood,nobread,nonuts—notevenbreakfastcereals.InWansink'sresearch,"womenwhohadevenoneboxofbreakfastcerealthatwasvisible—anywhereintheirkitchens—weighed21poundsmorethantheirneighborswhodidn't".Trickyourselfintodrinkinglesswine."Wetendtofocusontheheightofwhatwepourbutnotthewidth,sowepour12percentlesswineintotallerwineglassesthanwepourintowiderwineglasses."Andtheshapeoftheglassisnottheonlyvariable(變量)thataffectshowmuchwedrink.Wansinkwrites,"Becauseredwineiseasiertoseethanwhitewine,wepour9percentlesswheneverwepouraglassofredwine."Wansinksaidhisresearchersalsofoundthatpeopleatelessatrestaurantswhensittinginwell-lightedareasnearwindowsanddoors,thanindarkerareasorintheback.Theyatelessiftheywereofferedadoggiebag,orato-gobox,beforetheygottheirmeals:apparentlytheideaofgettinga"free"secondmealoutweighedtheimpulse(沖動)tocleantheirplates.Workerswhofrequentlyateattheirdesksweighed15.4poundsless,onaverage,thanthosewhodidn't.Fruitandvegetableskeptonthetopshelfoftherefrigeratorwereeatenathigherratesthanthoseonlowershelves.Thepoint,Wansinksays,istoconsiderfindingslikethoseandchangeyourenvironmentorhabits.Thenyouwon'thavetothinkaboutit:you'lljusteatless.1.WhydidBrianWansinkwriteSlimbyDesign:MindlessEatingSolutionsforEverydayLife?A.Becausehewantedpeopletobecomethin.B.Becausehewantedpeopletolearnfromhim.C.Becausehehopedtocoinanewphrase"mindlesseating".D.Becausehewishedtochangethedesignofdiningplaces.2.AccordingtoWansink,whichofthefollowingaffectstheamountofwinewedrink?A.Theshapeofwineglasses. B.Thecolorofwineglasses.C.Thetasteofwine. D.Thequalityofwine.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"adoggiebag"inParagraph5probablymean?A.Abagforcarryingthings. B.Aboxfortakeawayfood.C.Abagforcarryingdogfood. D.Acontainerforleftovers.4.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Changingtheenvironmentoreatinghabitswillhelpyoueatless.B.Eatingfruitandvegetablesisbetterforyourhealth.C.Keepingyourkitchencounterclearofanyfoodwillhelpmakeyouthin.D.Manypeopleeatordrinktoomuchwithoutpayingattentiontoit.二、Idomybesttoeducatemykidsabouteatinghealthyfood.Iteachthemhowtoreadlabels,whattolookforonpackaging,andhowcertainfoodsaffecttheirgrowingbodies.Butmykidsarealsolikemostotherchildren—theylovejunkfood.Myten-year-oldsonZackisveryawareofhisbodyandhowfoodaffectshim.ThispastsummerZackwasinvitedtoacampingtrip.HeleftonFridayandcamehomeonSundaymorning.OnSaturdaynight,Zackatealotoffood...andjunkfood...andwhoknowswhatelse.Hewenttobedat11:00andataround1:30a.m.Zackthrewupinthetent.Itwashisbodytellinghimthatitdidn'tlikewhatheatethatday.Recently,ZackandIwereaskedtospeaktoanaudienceofmorethan200people.IspokeaboutUnjunkYourJunkFoodandZackspokeabouthisappreciationforourbookandhowithasimpactedhislifeasaten-year-oldchild.IaskedZacktowritehisownspeechbecauseIwantedwhathesaidtocomestraightfromhisheart.Here'shisspeech:"TodayI'mgoingtotalktoyouaboutmymom'sbook,UnjunkYourJunkFood.It'sagreatbook,butI'malittledisappointedthatmyfavoritetypeofcandyisthere,Twizzlers.Irealizedafterreadingthebookthatthey'rebad,soIdon'teatthemanymore.IsawthemovieSuperSizeMeandIrealizedthatjunkfood,especiallyfastfood,isreallyunhealthy,andIwon'tevergotoMcDonald's.Ibroughtmymom'sbooktoschool,andmymomevengavepresentationstomanyclasses,includingmine.Wellyouguyscandothesamethingandshowpeoplethebookatyourworkandschools,andgivethemtipsoneatinghealthyfood.Thanksforlistening.WhilenotallchildrenhaveasmuchofareactiontojunkfoodasZack,it'sclearthatthehumanbodydoesn'tworkasitsprime(全盛時期)whenwegiveitthistypeoffood.It'simportanttomethatmychildreneatahealthydietandlimittheirexposuretofoodsthataren'tgoodforthem,andthebestwayforthemtodothatisformetoteachthemaboutmakinghealthychoices.WhileIfillmyhomewithhealthyoptions,it'swonderfultoseemysonnowcometorealize,onhisown,thatthechoiceshemakesaffectthewayhefeels.5.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor'skids?A.Theyhaveastrongdislikeforjunkfood.B.Theirstomachsaresensitivetojunkfood.C.Theyarekeptinformedofeatinghealthyfood.D.Theyarenaughtykidswhooftendisobeytheirmother.6.WhydidtheauthoraskZacktowritehisownspeech?A.Shecouldn'twritebetterthanZack.B.Shecouldn'tspareaminutetowriteforhim.C.ShewantedZacktoexpresshistruethoughts.D.ShetriedtotrainZacktobeafluentwriter.7.What'sZack'sattitudetohismother'sbook?A.Disappointed. B.Approving. C.Doubtful. D.Indifferent.8.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Exposuretojunkfoodissuretobeharmfultothehumanbody.B.Theauthorneedn'tteachherkidshowtoeathealthily.C.MostchildrenhaveseverereactiontojunkfoodlikeZack.D.Theauthorfailedtopersuadeherkidstochoosehealthyfood.三、Thereismoreofaconnectionbetweenfoodandculturethanyoumaythink.Onanindividuallevel,wegrowupeatingthefoodofourculture.Itbecomesapartofwhoweare.Manyofusassociatefoodinourchildhoodwithwarmfeelingsandgoodmemoriesandittiesustoourfamilies,holdingspecialandpersonalvalueforus.Foodfromourfamilyoftenbecomesthecomfortfoodweseekasadultsintimesoffrustrationandstress.Onalargescale,traditionalfoodisanimportantpartofculture.Italsooperatesasanexpressionofculturalidentity.Immigrantsbringitwherevertheygo,anditisasymbolofprideintheircultureandameansofcopingwithhomesickness.Manyimmigrantsopentheirownrestaurantsandservetraditionaldishes.However,thefooddoesnotremainexactlythesame.Somematerialsneededtomaketraditionaldishesmaynotbereadilyavailable,sothetasteandflavorcanbedifferentfromwhattheywouldprepareintheirhomecountries.Additionally,immigrantsdonotonlyselldishestopeoplefromthesamecountryasthem,buttopeoplefromothercountries.Therefore,theyhavetomakesmallchangestotheoriginaldishestocatertoawiderrangeofcustomers.Thosechangescancreatenewflavorsthatstillkeeptheculturalsignificanceofthedishes.Weshouldnotonlyembraceourheritage(傳統(tǒng))throughourculture'sfood,butalsobecomemoreinformedaboutotherculturesbytryingtheirfood.Itisimportanttorememberthateachdishhasaspecialplaceintheculturetowhichitbelongs,andisspecialtothosewhoprepareit.Foodisawindowintoculture,anditshouldbetreatedassuch.9.What'sthefunctionoffoodmentionedinthearticle?A.Tohelpmotivate(激發(fā))homesickness.B.Toshownationalidentity.C.Toreflectacountry'shistory.D.Toshowacommunity'ssuperiority(優(yōu)越性).10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph2referto?A.Thespecifictraditionalfood. B.Thenationalculture.C.Atraditionalexpressionoffood. D.Theold-fashionedtaste.11.Whydosomeimmigrantshavetochangetheoriginaldishesintheirrestaurants?A.Toattachculturalimportancetotheirdishes.B.Toannouncethebeginningoftheirlifeonforeignsoil.C.Tomakethedishespopularamongcustomers.D.Topresenttheirownfoodcultureinanewway.12.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsdifferentfoodcultures?A.Negative. B.Balanced. C.Unfair. D.Unchangeable.

答案及解析一、1.答案：D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Hisnewbook...aimstochangethedesignofrestaurants,schoollunchrooms,officecafeteriasandhomessothatthemindlesschoiceswemakewillbemorehealthfulones.”可知,布萊恩·汪辛克的新書力求改變餐館、學(xué)校餐廳、辦公室自助餐廳以及家里的設(shè)計(jì),以便讓我們無意識的選擇變得更加健康。由此可知布萊恩·汪辛克寫這本書是因?yàn)樗Ｍ淖冇貌蛨鏊脑O(shè)計(jì)。2.答案：A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句中的“Wetendtofocusontheheightofwhatwepourbutnotthewidth”及第三句“Andtheshapeoftheglass...thataffectshowmuchwedrink.”可知,布萊恩·汪辛克認(rèn)為,酒杯的形狀影響我們的飲酒量。3.答案：D解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)本段中的“Theyatelessiftheywereofferedadoggiebag,orato-gobox,beforetheygottheirmeals”及“apparentlytheideaofgettinga‘free’secondmealoutweighedtheimpulse(沖動)tocleantheirplates”可知,當(dāng)在飯前給人們提供打包袋時,人們會吃得更少,“得到了免費(fèi)的第二頓飯”的想法會戰(zhàn)勝人們吃光盤子里的食物的沖動。由“theywereofferedadoggiebag,orato-gobox”可知or連接兩個并列成分,or前后的adoggiebag和ato-gobox是同類事物,由to-gobox(打包盒)可推知畫線部分是指打包剩菜的容器。故選D。A:攜帶東西的袋子;B:盛外賣食物的盒子;C:攜帶狗糧的袋子。4.答案：A解析：主旨大意題。文章第一段、第二段介紹了布萊恩·汪辛克所從事的研究并引出本文要介紹的他的一項(xiàng)研究;接下來的第三、四、五段通過舉例子介紹了該項(xiàng)研究的具體內(nèi)容;最后一段(汪辛克說,重點(diǎn)是考慮像那樣的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)并改變你的環(huán)境或習(xí)慣。然后你將不用考慮就會吃得更少。)點(diǎn)明主旨。由此可知本文主要介紹的是改變環(huán)境或者飲食習(xí)慣有助于你吃得更少,故選A。二、5.答案：C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中Idomybesttoeducatemykidsabouteatinghealthyfood.可知,作者一直盡最大努力教育孩子們要吃健康的食物,故選C。由第一段中Butmykidsarealsolikemostotherchildren—theylovejunkfood.可知,作者的孩子喜歡吃垃圾食品,故排除A項(xiàng);由第二段可知,扎克的身體對垃圾食品反應(yīng)強(qiáng)烈,但沒有提到其他孩子有同樣的反應(yīng),故排除B項(xiàng)。D項(xiàng)“他們是經(jīng)常違抗媽媽的淘氣孩子”由原文表述無法推測出來。6.答案：C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文中第四段Iask