一輪復(fù)習(xí)微專題 考向16 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（原卷版）

PAGEPAGE1考向16現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Ithasbeen10years________thecouplegotmarried.Theyplantoholdananniversarycelebration.A．before B．though C．a(chǎn)fter D．since常見考法：對(duì)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的考查，多以單選、句型轉(zhuǎn)換或詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用的形式考查學(xué)生在具體語(yǔ)境中靈活運(yùn)用時(shí)態(tài)的能力。在考試中，會(huì)讓大家判斷是否該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，或者是考查＂瞬間動(dòng)詞不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用＂這一知識(shí)點(diǎn)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞①肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+賓語(yǔ).②否定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞）+賓語(yǔ).③一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+賓語(yǔ).④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞或詞組+一般疑問句（have/has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞（V-ed）+其他）過(guò)去分詞變化規(guī)則如下：1.規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。變化規(guī)則有四點(diǎn)：（1）一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加＂-ed＂。work→worked→worked visit→visited→visited（2）以＂e＂結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只在詞尾加＂-d＂。live→lived→lived（3）以＂輔音字母+y＂結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將＂y＂變?yōu)椋＂，再加＂-ed＂。study→studied→studied cry→cried→cried（4）重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加＂-ed＂。stop→stopped→stopped drop→dropped→dropped2.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化需參看不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表逐一熟記。cut→cut→cut it→hit→hit現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果。也就是說(shuō)，動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在。Ihavealreadypostedthephoto.我已經(jīng)把照片寄走了。強(qiáng)調(diào)post對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響＂照片不在這里＂。2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來(lái)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻的、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作(用行為動(dòng)詞表示)或狀態(tài)(be動(dòng)詞表示)，常與for(+時(shí)間段)，since(+時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過(guò)去時(shí)的句子)連用，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：Hehaslivedheresince1978.自從1978年以來(lái)，他一直住在這兒。(動(dòng)作起始于1978年，一直住到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。)注意：for和since的用法。①for+時(shí)間段譯為：……時(shí)間②since+過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(譯為：自從……以來(lái))③since+時(shí)間段+ago④since+從句(過(guò)去時(shí))⑤Itis+時(shí)間段+since+從句(過(guò)去時(shí))注意：瞬間動(dòng)詞(buy,die,join,lose...)與for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間段連用時(shí)，要改變成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。變化如下：come/arrive/reach/getto→bein goout→beout finish→beoveropen→beopen die→bedead buy→haveFallill→beill Comeback→beback Puton→beon/wearWorry→beworried Catchacold→haveacold現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是一個(gè)與過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在都有關(guān)系的時(shí)態(tài)，因此，具有這樣時(shí)間特點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ)都可以與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。1.與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如＂for+時(shí)間段＂，＂since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)＂。如：Wehavelivedinthiscityformorethan40years.我們?cè)谶@個(gè)城市已生活了40多年。Wehavelivedinthiscitysince1958.我們從1958年起就住在這個(gè)城市里。從以上兩個(gè)例句我們可以看出，與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常為stay,live,teach,learn,work,sleep,read,wait,keep等具有延續(xù)意義的動(dòng)詞。2.與籠統(tǒng)地表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如already,never,ever,just等。如：I’vejustfoundthislibrarybook.我剛剛找到這本圖書館的書。Howbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheardabettervoice.她唱得多美啊！我還從來(lái)沒聽到過(guò)比這更優(yōu)美的嗓音。3.與表示包含過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的一整段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如lately,recently,inthepastfewyears,thesefewyears,thesedays,uptonow,sofar等。如：Howhaveyoubeenrecently?你近來(lái)狀況如何？Thefamouswriterhaswrittenanewbookinthepasttwoyears.那位著名的作家在過(guò)去兩年的時(shí)間里寫了一本新書。Haveyouseenherparentsthesedays?這些天你看見她的父母了嗎？TheBrownshavevisitedalotofplacesinChinasofar.迄今為止，布朗一家已經(jīng)參觀了中國(guó)的許多地方。注意：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能與單純表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday,lastweek,in2002,threedaysago等現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)區(qū)別1.側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但它們所強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)不同：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重于對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)側(cè)重于某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或某段時(shí)間，即現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重于現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)側(cè)重于動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。如：Ihaveseenthefilm.我看過(guò)這部電影。（現(xiàn)在我仍記得電影的內(nèi)容）Isawthefilmthreedaysago.三天前我看了這部電影。（強(qiáng)調(diào)是三天前，而不是別的什么時(shí)候看的電影）MrGreenhasboughtanewcomputer.格林先生買了一臺(tái)新電腦。（著重點(diǎn)是格林先生現(xiàn)在有了一臺(tái)新電腦）MrGreenboughtanewcomputeryesterday.格林先生昨天買了一臺(tái)新電腦。（強(qiáng)調(diào)的是格林先生買新電腦的時(shí)間是昨天）2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副詞以及＂for+段時(shí)間＂，＂since+過(guò)去時(shí)間/從句＂等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則常與＂時(shí)間段+ago＂，justnow，yesterday，lastweek等表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：Shehaslivedheresincetwoyearsago.她兩年前就住在這里了。Shelivedheretwoyearsago.兩年前她住在這里。HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.他入團(tuán)已經(jīng)三年了。Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.昨晚湯姆給他的父母寫了封信。1．—Whereisyouruncle?—He________toSouthAfricaonbusiness.Hehas________theretwice.A．hasbeen;gone B．willgo;been C．went;gone D．hasgone;been2．—Hey,kids.HowareyougoingtocelebrateGrandpa’sninetiethbirthday?—Well,we________carefullyandnowwehaveagoodidea.A．discuss B．havediscussed C．willdiscuss D．a(chǎn)rediscussing3．—WouldyouliketocometomybirthdaypartythisSaturday?—I’dloveto.ButI________tovisitmygrandparents.A．promise B．willpromise C．havepromised D．a(chǎn)mpromising4．—Isthereanynewsabouttheboyhitbythecar?—Yes,Doctors________himandheisingoodconditionnow.A．save B．willsave C．weresaving D．havesaved5．—WhereisMr.Smith?Ican’tfindhim.—He________toShanghai.Hewillhebackinaweek.A．went B．hasgone C．isgoing D．goes6．Tonymissedthematchofhisfavouriteteamlastnight,buthecanwatchittonightbecausehisfather________it.A．records B．recorded C．hasrecorded D．willrecord7．—MissLi,we________thetask.Canwegohomenow?—Sure.A．finish B．finished C．havefinished D．willfinish8．—Whydoyouwalkinsuchahurry,Bill?—Iamgoingtothecinema.Sandy________formefortenminutes.A．waited B．willwait C．waits D．haswaited9．Theengineer_______thecomputerinourclassroom,butIstillfailtoturniton.A．fixes B．willfix C．isfixing D．hasfixed10．—Whatagedidyouleavehome?—Ilefthomeattheageof18,Nick.I________yourcityforfiveyears.A．havegoneto B．havebeento C．havebeenin D．havecometo11．—Tony,whyareyouintheclassroom?Classisoverfortwentyminutes.—BecauseI________myhomeworkandIstillneedafewmoreminutes.A．didn’tfinish B．haven’tfinished C．don’tfinish D．won’tfinish12．Neithermymothernormyfather________beentoaforeigncountry.ButtheyknowalotabouttheirfoodfromtheTVprogrammer.A．have B．has C．haven’t D．hasn’t13．—WehavebeentoAustraliaonce.WhataboutSam?—________.Andhehopestovisititagain.A．Sohashe B．Sodoeshe C．Neitherhashe D．Neitherdoeshe14．—I________whenandwheretospendtheholiday.—Let’sdiscussitnow.A．decide B．don’tdecide C．havedecided D．haven’tdecided15．—Whatacleanroom!—Ofcourse.I________itforthreetimes.A．havecleaned B．willclean C．a(chǎn)mcleaning D．cleaned16．—Look,someone________theflowers!Whodidit?—Itwasn’tme.Iwasdoinghomeworkallthemorning.A．willwater B．waswatering C．iswatering D．haswatered17．—HasyourbrotherevervisitedWuhan?—Yes,he________thecitytwicesincehecametoChina.A．hasbeenin B．hasbeento C．hasgoneto D．hasgonein18．—Ihearthatyourcomputerfailedtowork.—Yes,butI______itandnowitworkswellagain.A．re