Unit1CulturalHeritageDiscoveringUsefulStructures課件-高中英語人教版2

定語從句總復(fù)習(xí)Unit1CulturalHeritage第章1定語從句的定義第章2關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法第章3介詞+關(guān)系代詞的用法第章4非限制性定語從句ContentsAfterlisteningtothescientists①whohadstudiedtheproblemandcitizens②wholivednearthedam,thegovernmentturenedtotheUnitedNationsforhelp.①研究了這個問題的科學(xué)家②住在大壩附近的民眾關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句scientistscitizensObserveandanalyzeTemplesandotherculturalsitesweretakendownpiecebypiece,andthenmovedandputtogetheragaininaplacewheretheyweresafefromthewater.

一個免被水淹的地方關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句ThetemplesTheNileObserveandanalyzeWaterfromthedamwouldlikelydamageanumberoftemplesanddestroyculturalrelicsthatwereanimportantpartofEgypt'sculturalheritage.大壩流出的水可能會損壞一些寺廟，并摧毀很多作為埃及文化遺產(chǎn)重要組成部分的文物。關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句ThespititoftheAswanDamisstillalivetoday.PerhapsthebestexampleisshownbytheUNESCO,whichrunsaprogrammethatpreventsworldculturalheritagesitesaroundtheworldfromdisappearing.聯(lián)合國教科文組織，該組織實施了一項計劃非限定性定語從句PartI：Definition定語從句在句子中作定語，修飾名詞或代詞；被定語從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞；定語從句由關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)，分為關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，并在定語從句中擔(dān)任成分。

先行詞在從句中所作成分關(guān)系代詞人主賓定物主賓定who/thatwho/whom/that/省略whose(=ofwhom)that/whichthat/which/省略whose(=ofwhich)PartII：關(guān)系詞先行詞在從句中所作成分關(guān)系副詞whenreasonwherewhy地點名詞時間名詞時間狀語原因狀語地點狀語Ps:關(guān)系詞在從句中做狀語時,連接詞有時可以用介詞+which/whom來替換關(guān)系副詞判斷句子是否為定語從句（如果是，則找出先行詞）將先行詞代入從句，看它在從句中所擔(dān)任的成分根據(jù)先行詞在從句中所作成分，得出關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞的確定1.Thatistheboy______motherisafamousmusician.3.Thehouse__________theybuiltin1987wasdestroyedintheearthquake.2.Wedon’tknowthenumberofpeople________losttheirhomesinthe1906earthquake.that/who(which/that)whose4.I’llneverforgettheday_____(=___which)Iwasborn.5.Ivisitedthehouse_____(=__which)LuXunoncelived.6.Thereason_____(=___which)hegotworriedwasthis.when

onwhereinwhyfor用法區(qū)別1.

當(dāng)先行詞是all,(a)little,(a)few,much,something,anything，everything,nothing，some等不定代詞或者被all,any,much,few,little,no等詞修飾時。在下列情況下，關(guān)系詞用that而不用which。2.當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾時。3.當(dāng)先行詞被thevery/only/same/last修飾時：4.當(dāng)先行詞前有who,which等疑問代詞時：5.當(dāng)先行詞既有人，又有物時：用法區(qū)別在下列情況下，關(guān)系代詞只能用which不能用that。1.

介詞前置時，關(guān)系代詞只能用which2.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句修飾某物或整個句子時，只能用whichTheweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichmademehappy.

1.Theterribletyphoonkilledthepeopleandcattle_______wereinthefields.2.Thewindblewdownthetallesttree______isinfrontofourschoolgate.3.Thisistheverything______Iwaslookingfor.4.Thisisthesecondnovel______Ihaveeverread.5.Thereisnothingintheworld______canfrightenme.6.Whoistheman_______isreadingunderthetree?7.Hewroteabook,_______isonhowtolearnEnglishwell.8.Thisistheplacein________LuXunusedtolive.thatthatthatthatthatthatwhichwhich區(qū)分that和which當(dāng)先行詞為those，he，anybody，anyone等時，用who引導(dǎo)定語從句。Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.＝Thosewhodon’treachtheGreatWallarenottruemen.不到長城非好漢。Anybodywhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.任何違法的人都應(yīng)該受到懲罰。用法區(qū)別關(guān)系代詞whose的用法1)Achild________parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.(孤兒)2)Theyliveinahouse,___________windowsfacesouth.

whose在從句中作定語,修飾人或物，意為“……的”，

whose+名詞可換作

the+名詞+ofwhom/whichwhosewhoseTheyliveinahouse,thewindows___________facesouth.Theyliveinahouse,___________thewindowsfacesouth.ofwhichofwhich

抽象地點名詞+關(guān)系副詞where先行詞是case,area,stage,degree,point,situation,atmosphere,environment,condition等抽象地點名詞1.I’vecometothepoint______Ican’tstandhim.2.Thecountryisinthesituation______awarwillbreakoutatanytime.國家正處在隨時有可能爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭的局勢中。我已經(jīng)到了無法容忍他的地步了。wherewhere(1)Werewelltrainedbytheirmasters________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals?(2)Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth__________givesofflightinthedark.whothat/whichPractice(3)Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose________aretotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife.

who/that(5)Wehaveenteredintoanage_______dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.(6)Theirchildisatthestage________shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.

(7)Doyouknowtheman______spokeatthemeetingjustnow?(8)Thetrain____________hasjustleftisforShenzhen.whenwherewhowhich/that(4)Igrewupinasmallvillage________everybodyknewme.where(9)Ivisitedthevillage________manychildrencouldn’tgotoschoolbecauseofpoverty.我參觀了因為貧困很多孩子不能上學(xué)的村莊。(10)Ivisitedthevillage_____________isfamousforitsbeautifulscenery.我參觀了因美麗的景色而聞名的村莊。wherewhich/that(11)Oneafternoon________Iwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.(12)Thelittleproblems__________wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.

(13)Thereason______heresignedwasthathedidn’tgetonwellwiththeboss.whenthat/不填why與先行詞的搭配來確定介詞

Iwillneverforgettheday____whichIjoinedthearmy.2.與從句中謂語動詞、形容詞的搭配的固定搭配

Haveyoufoundthebook_____whichIpaid$29?3.根據(jù)句子的意思來確定

Air,_______whichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportant.介詞后關(guān)系代詞的選擇：指人用whom,指物用which

foronwithoutPartⅢ：介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句用介詞＋關(guān)系代詞填空1.Whoistheperson_______

_______youjustshookhands?2.Chinaisapowerfulcountry,_______

_______weareproud.3.Thisisthetree_______

_______weusedtoplaygames.4.Thisismyglasses,_______

_______Ican’tseeclearly.5.Haveyoufoundthebook______________Ispent$29?withwhomwithoutwhichunderwhichofwhichonwhich代詞/名詞/數(shù)詞/形容詞最高級/介詞短語+of+關(guān)系代詞1.Theylivedinatallbuilding,infrontof

stoodabigtree.2.Therearemorethan50studentsinmyclass,26of

aregirls.3.Hisfamilymembersdon’tlikethesecond-handcar,thepriceof

isveryhigh.4.Itisreportedthattwoschools,bothof

arebeingbuilt,willopennextyear.5.WhenwesternpeopletalkaboutthecitiesofChina,thefirstof

comestotheirmindsisBeijing.whichwhomwhichwhichwhich定從和并列句是否有連詞是區(qū)分關(guān)鍵。1、Iboughtadozenofeggs,sixof

broke.（√）2、Iboughtadozenofeggs,butsixof

broke.（√）whichthem注意：Iboughtadozenofeggs,sixof

broke.（×）them介詞+whose+名詞1.IwishtothankprofessorSmith,without

helpIwouldneverhavegotthischance.2.TheDragonTower,from

topvisitorscanenjoyagoodsightofHarbin,attractshundredsoftouristseveryday.whosewhose1.

限制性定語從句它是對先行詞作修飾、限制,

從句與主句的關(guān)系十分密切,

如果去掉,

主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。2.

非限制性定語從句它是對先行詞作附加補充說明,從句與主句的關(guān)系不是很密切,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚、完整。Hisdaughter,whoisinShenzhennow,iscominghomenextweek.People

whotakephysicalexerciseregularlylivelonger.PartⅣ：區(qū)分限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句231區(qū)分限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句:與主句之間無逗號隔開；非限制性定語從句:與主句之間有逗號隔開。限制性定語從句:可以修飾名詞或代詞；

非限制性定語從句:可以修飾名詞或代詞,也可以修飾整個句子,在限制性定從,關(guān)系代詞作賓語時可以省略；在非限制性定從,所有關(guān)系詞都不可省略。不可使用that，why(應(yīng)使用forwhich）完成句子1)Theforeignguests,________(who/that)werescientists,werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.2)Myfatherboughtmeseveralbooks,noneof________(which/that)Iliketoread.3)Isthereanyoneinyourclass________(which/whose)familyisinthecity?4)Football,________(which/that)isaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.whowhichwhosewhich5)ThestudentswenttothehospitaltoseeMissZhang,________(that/whom)theyrespectgreatly.6)TheywenttotheRoyalTheatre,________(which/where)theysawthegreatshow.7)Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,________(which/that)mademehappy.8)Thereare50studentsinourclass,halfof________(whom

/who)aregirls.whomwherewhich

whomAseveryoneknows,Chinaisacountrywithalonghistory.Sheisagreathero,as

isdescribedinthereport.Heinvitedmetodinner,whichmademeveryhappy.Thisnovel,which

Ihavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時的位置不同:as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于___________________，而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句不可放在_______________________________。(2)as引導(dǎo)的定語從句有“______________的意思，而which指“_________”句首、句中句首，只能放在句中正如…….這…….as和

which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別as和

which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別aswhich指代引導(dǎo)的從句只能指代整個主句的內(nèi)容引導(dǎo)的從句既可指代整個主句的內(nèi)容，又可指代主句的某一名詞或代詞位置可位于主句之前、之中或之后可位于主句之中或之后，不能位于主句之前意義“正如，就像…”“這，那”功能起連接上下文的作用，表達(dá)說話人的觀點、看法，并指出主句內(nèi)容的根據(jù)或出處等引導(dǎo)的從句，在意義上相當(dāng)于一個并列句

as常見搭配asisknowntoall；

asyouknowasisexpectedasweexpectedashasbeenmentionedaboveasisreported/saidasafamoussayinggoesasispointedoutasyoucansee=ascanbeseenasisoftenthecase眾所周知正如你所知道的那樣正如所預(yù)料的那樣正如我們所期待的正如上面所提到的正如報道/所說的那樣正如一句諺語所說正如指出的正如你所看見的

情況通常如此①正如大家所看到的那樣，她工作一直很努力。Sheisalwaysworkinghard，____everyonecansee.②這本書很有教育意義，是我昨天買的。Thebook，______Iboughtyesterday,isveryinstructive.③她的誠實是大家有目共睹的。______everyonecansee,sheishonest.=Sheishonest，_______everyonecansee.④眾所周知，吸煙有害健康。______weallknow，smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.⑤湯姆突然病倒了，這讓我們很傷心。Tomsuddenlyfellill，_______madeusverysad.aswhichAsasAswhichas引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句as引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句常和thesame，such等連用，構(gòu)成固定用法：thesame...as...，such...as...，as...as...等。as在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。EveninmydreamsIcouldn’timaginesuchabeautifulplaceasyouhaveofferedus.你提供給我們的地方如此美麗，即使在夢里我也想象不到。Activity2Rewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.P6EXAMPLEIhavedownloadedthatfreeapp,butitdoesn’tworkwell.→Thefreeapp(which/that)Ihavedownloadeddoesn’tworkwell.Step1Ihavedownloadedthatfreeapp,butitdoesn’tworkwell.找共同thatfreeappitStep2Ihavedownloadedthatfreeapp,butitdoesn’tworkwell.判主從主從句規(guī)則主句：整句話的核心含義；從句：起修飾共同名詞作用。主句：Thefreeappdoesn’tworkwell.從句：Ihavedownloadedthatfreeapp.Step3Ihavedownloadedthatfreeapp,butitdoesn’tworkwell.主照抄從省同ThefreeappwhichIhavedownloadeddoesn’tworkwell.口訣找相同判主從主照抄，從省同Practice1Heshowedmeaphotoinhisroom.ItwasaphotoofafamousculturalrelicinEgypt.找相同：aphoto

=

it判主從：主：Itwasaphoto

...

從：Heshowedme

...主照抄，從省同Thephoto(which/

that)heshowedmeinhisroomwasofafamousculturalrelicinEgypt.1.He

showed

me

a

photo

in

his

room.

It

was

a

photoofafamousculturalrelicinEgypt.→Thephoto________________________________________________________________________.

(which/that)heshowedmeinhisroomwasofafamousculturalrelicinEgyptPractice2TheprojectteamhelpedprotectthenationalparksintheUnitedRepublicofTanzania.Itwasformedbymembersfromfifteencountries.找相同：theprojectteam

=

it判主從：主：Theprojectteamhelped...從：Itwasformedby...主照抄，從省同TheprojectteamwhosememberswerefromfifteencountrieshelpedprotectthenationalparksintheUnitedRepublicofTanzania.Activity2Rewritethesentencesusingrelativeclause2.

TheprojectteamhelpedprotectthenationalparksintheUnitedRepublicofTanzania.Itwasformedbymembersfromfifteencountries.→Theprojectteam_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(which/that)wasformedbymembersfromintheUnitedRepublicofTanzania.fifteencountrieshelpedprotectthenationalparksPractice3ThistemplewasfirstbuiltduringtheQinDynasty.(Thetime…)找相同：thetime

=

QinDynasty判主從：主：ThetimewasduringtheQinDynasty.從：Thistemplewasfirstbuilt.主照抄，從省同ThetimewhenthistemplewasfirstbuiltwasduringtheQinDynasty.Activity2Rewritethesentencesusingrelativeclause3.ThistemplewasfirstbuiltduringtheQinDynasty.→Thetime_______________________________________________________________.whenthistemplewasfirstbuiltwasduringtheQinDynastyPractice4WemetaprofessionalarchaeologistattheentrancetotheGreatPyramid.Heexplainedtoustheprocessofbuildingsuchadifficultstructure.找相同：theprofessionalarchaeologist

=

he判主從：主：Heexplainedtoustheprocess...從：Wemetaprofessional...主照抄，從省同Theprofessionalarchaeologist(who/whom)wemetattheentrancetotheGreatPyramidexplainedtoustheprocessofbuildingsuchadifficultstructure.Activity2Rewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.4.WemetaprofessionalarchaeologistattheentrancetotheGreatPyramid.Heexplainedtoustheprocessofbuildingsuch

adifficultstructure.→

Theprofessionalarchaeologist_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

(who/whom)wemetattheentrancetotheGreatPyramidexplainedtoustheprocessofbuildingsuchadifficultstructurePractice5Thedocumentsabouttheculturalrelicsfromoverseasareunderthedesk.Ifoundthemyesterday.(Theplace…)找相同：Thedocuments

=

them判主從：主：Ifoundthemyesterday.從：Thedocumentsaboutthecultural...主照抄，從省同Ifoundthedocumentsyesterdaywhichabouttheculturalrelicsfromoverseasareunderthedesk.Activity2Rewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.5.Thedocumentsabouttheculturalrelicsfromoverseasareunderthedesk.Ifoundthemyesterday.→Theplace__________________________________________________________________________________.whereIfoundthedocumentsabouttheculturalrelicsfromoverseasyesterdayisunderthedeskPractice6Scientistsworkedtogetherdayandnighttorescuethetemplebecausetheywantedtopreserveitforthenextgeneration.(Thereason…)找相同：thereason

=

because判主從：主：becausetheywantedtopreserve...從：Scientistsworkedtogetherdayandnight...主照抄，從省同Thereasonwhyscientistsworkedtogetherdayandnighttorescuethetempleisthattheywantedtopreserveitforthenextgeneration.Activity2Rewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.6.Scientistsworkedtogetherdayandnighttorescuethetemplebecausetheywantedtopreserveitforthenextgeneration.→Thereason___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

whyscientistsworkedtogetherdayandnighttorescuethetempleisthattheywantedtopreserveitforthenextgeneration.1.He

showed

me

a

photo

in

his

room.

It

was

a

photoofafamousculturalrelicinEgypt.→Thephoto________________________________________________________________________.

(which/that)heshowedmeinhisroomwasofafamousculturalrelicinEgyptActivity2Rewritethesentencesusingrelativeclause2.

TheprojectteamhelpedprotectthenationalparksintheUnitedRepublicofTanzania.Itwasformedbymembersfromfifteencountries.→Theprojectteam_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.ThistemplewasfirstbuiltduringtheQinDynasty.→Thetime_______________________________________________________________.whenthistemplewasfirstbuiltwasduringtheQinDynasty(which/that)wasformedbymembersfromintheUnitedRepublicofTanzania.fifteencountrieshelpedprotectthenationalparksActivity2Rewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.4.WemetaprofessionalarchaeologistattheentrancetotheGreatPyramid.Heexplainedtoustheprocessofbuildingsuch

adifficultstructure.→

Theprofessionalarchaeologist_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

(who/whom)wemetattheentrancetotheGreatPyramidexplainedtoustheprocessofbuildingsuchadifficultstructureActivity2Rewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.5.Thedocumentsabouttheculturalrelicsfromoverseasareunderthedesk.Ifoundthemyesterday.→Theplace__________________________________________________