語(yǔ)法18 構(gòu)詞法（練習(xí)）

第18講構(gòu)詞法（模擬精練+真題演練）模擬精練一、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞適當(dāng)形式填空1．（2023·上海奉賢·統(tǒng)考二模）It’sverykindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglishwithgreat__________.(patient)2．（2022·黑龍江鶴崗·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）AlthoughHanLioftengetsgoodmarksintheexam,sheisn’tgoodatChinese.Itis________(possible)forhertobeawriterinthefuture.3．（2022·江蘇無(wú)錫·江蘇省錫山高級(jí)中學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校?？既＃㊣t’shardforkangaroostowalkbackwardsbecauseofthe________(usual)shapeoftheirlegs.4．（2022·上海閔行·統(tǒng)考二模）Itisnotsurprisingthatdogscanexpressthemselves________andhonestly.(clear)5．（2022·山東臨沂·統(tǒng)考一模）Theteacherannouncedan________resultthateveryonecouldn’tbelieve.(expected)6．（2022·上海楊浦·統(tǒng)考一模）One________ofreadinge-booksismaybethelightingorsmallscreen.(advantage)7．（2022·上海浦東新·統(tǒng)考一模）Toour________,ourschoolteamwonthebasketballmatchagainthistime!（excited）8．（2021·江蘇泰州·高港實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校校考二模）Thegirlhas________(common)ability.Shealwayscomesupwithcreativeideas.9．（2021·江蘇揚(yáng)州·?？既＃〦venthoughheis________,youaren’tsupposedtobesorude.（polite）10．（2021·江蘇鹽城·?？家荒＃㊣fyoudosomething________(mean),youwillhaveabunchofreasonstogothroughthedayfullofenergy.11．（2021·廣西北海·?？级＃猋oulooked_________(happy)justnow.Whathappenedtoyou?—Imissedtheschoolbusandarrivedlateforclass.12．（2021·上海奉賢·統(tǒng)考二模）Mysisterhasbeen________sincesheenteredtheuniversity.Shehasmadealltheimportantdecisionsbyherself.(depend)13．（2021·吉林長(zhǎng)春·統(tǒng)考一模）About9,000Africanelephants________(appear)inthe1990s.They’reingreatdanger.14．（2021·山東臨沂·校考一模）Inourclass,someoftheclassmates________Peteronlybecausehegetsangryeasilyandtheyevendon’tknowwhy.(like)15．（2021·內(nèi)蒙古包頭·統(tǒng)考一模）Ashewentintotheroom,allthepeoplebecamesilent,whichmadehimveryembarrassedand________(comfortable).16．（2020·江蘇無(wú)錫·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Don’ttelllies!Nooneiswillingtomakefriendswith___________people.(honest)17．（2020·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考一模）Thesudden________(appear)ofasecurityguardcausedthemtodropthemoneyandrunaway.18．（2020·江蘇南京·校聯(lián)考一模）It's__________(wise)ofparentstohavefixedideasonwhattheirchildrenshouldbecomeinthefuture.19．（2020·內(nèi)蒙古包頭·包頭市第二十九中學(xué)?？既＃￤e'realwaystoldtobe________abouteverythinginourlife.(truth)20．（2020·廣西南寧·統(tǒng)考一模）Itseems________(possible)tofinishthework,butIwanttohaveatry.二、單項(xiàng)選擇21．（2022·甘肅天水·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Whichofthefollowingsuffixes（后綴）istheoppositeof“-ful”?A．-able B．-ness C．-ous D．-less22．（2022·甘肅武威·統(tǒng)考二模）Thefollowingwordsallhavethenegativeprefixes(否定前綴)EXCEPT________.A．indoor B．unhappy C．inexpensive D．impossible23．（2022·甘肅慶陽(yáng)·校考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）聯(lián)合國(guó)的英文縮寫(xiě)是________。A．NBA B．BBC C．UN D．HB24．（2022·江蘇鹽城·統(tǒng)考二模）Whichofthefollowingwordsisformedlike“unimportant”?A．incorrect B．a(chǎn)fternoon C．scientist D．hopeful25．（2021·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考二模）Whichofthefollowingwordsisformedlike“dishonest”?A．important B．international C．uncomfortable D．interviewer26．（2023·江蘇南京·校聯(lián)考一模）Whichwordisformedinthesamewayas“weekend”?A．unable B．invention C．helpless D．noticeboard27．（2022·甘肅定西·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Whichofthefollowingprefixes(前綴)means“doingagain”?A．en- B．dis- C．un- D．re-28．（2021·甘肅慶陽(yáng)·統(tǒng)考二模）whichofthefollowingprefix(前綴)doesn’tmean“no”?A．un- B．re- C．im D．dis29．（2021·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考二模）Whichofthefollowingwordsiscreatedinthesamewayas“blackboard”?A．careless B．impolite C．happiness D．bookshop30．（2021·江蘇鹽城·統(tǒng)考一模）WhichwordcanNOTbeaddedtheprefix“in-”togiveittheoppositemeaning?A．complete B．direct C．correct D．proper31．（2021·甘肅平?jīng)觥そy(tǒng)考一模）Whichofthefollowingsuffixes(后綴)means“negative(否定的)”?A．-ous B．-less C．-ful D．–able32．（2021·甘肅慶陽(yáng)·統(tǒng)考一模）Whichofthefollowingwordscanbeaddedwiththesuffix(后綴)"-ness"?A．round B．laugh C．ill D．a(chǎn)ngry33．（2020·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考一模）Whichofthefollowingwordshasthesamewordformationastheword“snowstorm”?A．helpless B．incorrect C．government D．blackboard34．（2020·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考一模）Whichofthefollowingwordsisformedlike“impossible”?A．reporter B．blackboard C．dishonest D．harmless35．（2020·江蘇揚(yáng)州·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Whichofthefollowingsuffixesisusedtoformanadjective?A．-less B．-ness C．-tion D．-ion三、短文綜合填空（2023·福建福州·福建省福州銅盤(pán)中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）ChatGPTisanewkindofcomputerprogramthatcantalktopeople.ItwasmadebyOpenAI,agroupofpeoplewhowanttousecomputerstohelptheworld.ChatGPTisverysmartb____36____itcanreadalotofwordsontheinternetandlearnfromthem.Itcanwritesentencesaboutmanythings,likescience,history,sports,andmovies.ButChatGPTisnotjustawriter.Itisalsoalisteneranda____37____(speak).Itcanunderstandwhatpeoplesayand____38____/r?'plai/tothem.ChatGPTcandomanythingsthato____39____computerprogramscannot.Forexample,itcananswermorequestions,saysorrywhenitiswrong,correctpeoplewhentheyarewrong,andsaynowhenpeopleaskforbadthings.Itcanalsomakejokes,show____40____(feel),andhaveapersonalitytomakethetalkmorefunand____41____(friend).ChatGPTcantalkaboutmanytopicswithpeople,butitdoesnotknoweverythingor____42____/'??lwe?z/givetherightanswer.Sometimesitmaywritesomethingthatdoesnotmakesense,orsaythesamethingtoomanytimes.Itmayalsochangeitsanswerifpeopleaskthesamequestionin____43____differentway.ChatGPTisstillanewthing,andOpenAIis____44____(try)tomakeitbetter.Theyalsowanttoknowwhatpeoplethinkaboutitand____45____theyuseit.TheyhopethatChatGPTcanhelppeoplelearnnewthings,havefun,andtalkbetterwitheachother.真題演練一、完型填空（2023·甘肅甘南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Seancheckedthee-mailasusual.Thenhefounda(n)___1___e-mail,“Doyoustillwanttobeapoliceman?”Sean___2___thescreen,deepinthought.OnedaywhenSeanwasonly5,hisunclePaul,a___3___,drovehimhomeinhispolicecar.Seanwasinterestedinthecarandtheuniform.HedecidedtobeaherolikePaul.However,Seanfollowedhisteacher’sadviceand___4___becameareporter.Heworkedinanewspaper___5___hewas30yearsold.Thenhechangedseveraljobsbutnothingmadehimreallyhappy.Actuallyhehadneverreally___6___hischildhooddream.Hiswifecouldnotstandthisandlefthim.Seangotintoa(n)___7___situation.HehadtomovebacktoStIgnace,wherehisdadlived.Whenhisfatherencouragedhimtosearchforanewjob,the___8___came.Phoenix,2,100milesawayfromStIgnace,wasingreatneedofpolicemen.Sean,nearly40yearsold,finallydecidedtocatchit.Inordertopassthetesttogetthejob,Seanbegan___9___everyday,andfinallypassedit.“Ittookme35years.Butapromiseisapromise.Howmanypeoplecansaytheyachievetheirlife’sdreams?”Seansays.“I___10___it.Itjustproves（證明）thatit’snevertoolateanditisworthalltheeffortsandenergy.”1．A．common B．unexpected C．uncomfortable2．A．staredat B．fixedup C．calledin3．A．driver B．programmer C．policeofficer4．A．nearly B．gradually C．finally5．A．till B．a(chǎn)fter C．when6．A．madeup B．givenup C．shownup7．A．boring B．interesting C．embarrassing8．A．chance B．courage C．power9．A．fighting B．training C．competing10．A．made B．missed C．a(chǎn)rrived二、用括號(hào)中所給單詞的正確形式填空，每空一詞。（2019·內(nèi)蒙古·統(tǒng)考中考真題）11．Therearemany________(different)betweenthetwins.Oneisshy,buttheotherisoutgoing.12．Toachieveourdreams,wemusttakeeverylifechoice________(serious).13．Ifmorepeoplegiveup________(drive)cars,theairwillgetmuchcleaner.14．Nothingis________(possible)ifyousetyourmindtoit.15．Thepoor________(home)oftendidhishomeworkinthestreetbythelightofarestaurant.

第18講構(gòu)詞法（模擬精練+真題演練）模擬精練一、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞適當(dāng)形式填空1．（2023·上海奉賢·統(tǒng)考二模）It’sverykindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglishwithgreat__________.(patient)【答案】patience【詳解】句意：非常感謝你耐心地幫助我學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。根據(jù)“withgreat...”可知，空處應(yīng)填名詞；patient“耐心的”，形容詞，名詞形式為patience，不可數(shù)名詞。故填patience。2．（2022·黑龍江鶴崗·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）AlthoughHanLioftengetsgoodmarksintheexam,sheisn’tgoodatChinese.Itis________(possible)forhertobeawriterinthefuture.【答案】impossible【詳解】句意：雖然李涵經(jīng)常在考試中取得好成績(jī)，但她不擅長(zhǎng)語(yǔ)文。她將來(lái)不可能成為作家。根據(jù)空前的is可知，這里需要形容詞作表語(yǔ)，由語(yǔ)境“isn’tgoodatChinese”可知，這里表示“不可能”成為作家。故填impossible。3．（2022·江蘇無(wú)錫·江蘇省錫山高級(jí)中學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校?？既＃㊣t’shardforkangaroostowalkbackwardsbecauseofthe________(usual)shapeoftheirlegs.【答案】unusual【詳解】句意：由于袋鼠不尋常的腿部形狀，它們很難向后走。根據(jù)句意，袋鼠之所以很難向后走，是由于腿部形狀不同尋常?？瞻滋帒?yīng)填入形容詞，修飾名詞shape。括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞usual意為“尋常的”，需要添加否定前綴un，變?yōu)閡nusual，意為“不尋常的”。故填unusual。4．（2022·上海閔行·統(tǒng)考二模）Itisnotsurprisingthatdogscanexpressthemselves________andhonestly.(clear)【答案】clearly【詳解】句意：狗能清晰而誠(chéng)實(shí)地表達(dá)自己，這并不奇怪。根據(jù)“andhonestly”可知，空處應(yīng)用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞express，與honestly構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，clear的副詞是clearly“清晰地”。故填clearly。5．（2022·山東臨沂·統(tǒng)考一模）Theteacherannouncedan________resultthateveryonecouldn’tbelieve.(expected)【答案】unexpected【詳解】句意：老師宣布了一個(gè)大家都不敢相信的意外結(jié)果。根據(jù)“everyonecouldn’tbelieve”可知老師宣布了一個(gè)令人意想不到的結(jié)果，結(jié)合空格前的不定冠詞an，可知用unexpected“出乎意料的”，形容詞作定語(yǔ)。故填unexpected。6．（2022·上海楊浦·統(tǒng)考一模）One________ofreadinge-booksismaybethelightingorsmallscreen.(advantage)【答案】(d)isadvantage【詳解】閱讀電子書(shū)的不利因素之一也許是光線或小屏幕。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境“thelightingorsmallscreen”是閱讀電子書(shū)的不利因素，故填(d)isadvantage。7．（2022·上海浦東新·統(tǒng)考一模）Toour________,ourschoolteamwonthebasketballmatchagainthistime!（excited）【答案】excitement【詳解】句意：使我們興奮的是，我們校隊(duì)這次又贏得了籃球比賽。excited形容詞；根據(jù)空前的“Toour”可知，應(yīng)該填的是excited的名詞excitement“興奮”，故填excitement。8．（2021·江蘇泰州·高港實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校?？级＃㏕hegirlhas________(common)ability.Shealwayscomesupwithcreativeideas.【答案】uncommon【詳解】句意：這個(gè)女孩有非凡的才能。她總是能想出有創(chuàng)意的主意。common一般的，形容詞；根據(jù)“Shealwayscomesupwithcreativeideas.”可知，空處指的是不一般的才能，用common的反義詞uncommon作定語(yǔ)。故填uncommon。9．（2021·江蘇揚(yáng)州·?？既＃〦venthoughheis________,youaren’tsupposedtobesorude.（polite）【答案】impolite【詳解】句意：雖然他沒(méi)有禮貌，但是你不應(yīng)該這么粗魯?？崭裉幦鄙傩稳菰~作表語(yǔ)，根據(jù)“youaren'tsupposedtobesorude”可知，句子意思表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，指雖然他沒(méi)有禮貌，但是你不應(yīng)該這么粗魯，故形容詞polite“有禮貌的”要加前綴變成impolite“沒(méi)有禮貌的”。故填impolite。10．（2021·江蘇鹽城·?？家荒＃㊣fyoudosomething________(mean),youwillhaveabunchofreasonstogothroughthedayfullofenergy.【答案】meaningful【詳解】句意：如果你做了一些有意義的事情，你就會(huì)有一大堆理由讓你精力充沛地度過(guò)一天。根據(jù)“something”以及“不定代詞+形容詞”可知，此空需要mean的形容詞修飾something，結(jié)合句意可知，meaningful符合語(yǔ)境。故填meaningful。11．（2021·廣西北?！ば？级＃猋oulooked_________(happy)justnow.Whathappenedtoyou?—Imissedtheschoolbusandarrivedlateforclass.【答案】unhappy【詳解】句意：——你剛才看起來(lái)不高興。你怎么了？——我沒(méi)趕上校車，上課遲到了。根據(jù)答語(yǔ)“Imissedtheschoolbusandarrivedlateforclass.”可知，我沒(méi)趕上校車，上課遲到了。由此說(shuō)明“我”很不高興。happy高興，形容詞，不高興，英語(yǔ)表達(dá)為：unhappy。故填unhappy。12．（2021·上海奉賢·統(tǒng)考二模）Mysisterhasbeen________sincesheenteredtheuniversity.Shehasmadealltheimportantdecisionsbyherself.(depend)【答案】independent【詳解】句意：我的姐妹自從進(jìn)了大學(xué)就變得獨(dú)立了。所有重要的決定都是她自己做的。been后應(yīng)跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)，根據(jù)“Shehasmadealltheimportantdecisionsbyherself”可知，此處應(yīng)指的是“獨(dú)立的”，用depend對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞dependent的反義詞independent表示。故填independent。13．（2021·吉林長(zhǎng)春·統(tǒng)考一模）About9,000Africanelephants________(appear)inthe1990s.They’reingreatdanger.【答案】disappeared【詳解】句意：20世紀(jì)90年代，大約有9000頭非洲大象消失了。它們處境非常危險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)“They’reingreatdanger”可知，處于危險(xiǎn)之中，說(shuō)明有許多大象已經(jīng)消失，數(shù)量越來(lái)越少，disappear“消失”，根據(jù)“inthe1990s”可知，句子是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，故填disappeared。14．（2021·山東臨沂·?？家荒＃㊣nourclass,someoftheclassmates________Peteronlybecausehegetsangryeasilyandtheyevendon’tknowwhy.(like)【答案】dislike【詳解】句意：在我們班，有些同學(xué)不喜歡彼得只是因?yàn)樗苋菀咨鷼猓宜麄兩踔炼疾恢罏槭裁?。根?jù)“hegetsangryeasily”可知他很容易生氣，結(jié)合所給單詞，可推測(cè)出是不喜歡，用like的反義詞dislike。故填dislike。15．（2021·內(nèi)蒙古包頭·統(tǒng)考一模）Ashewentintotheroom,allthepeoplebecamesilent,whichmadehimveryembarrassedand________(comfortable).【答案】uncomfortable【詳解】句意：當(dāng)他走進(jìn)房間時(shí)，所有的人都沉默了，這使他非常尷尬和不舒服。并列連詞and前后的成分應(yīng)是對(duì)等的，連詞前為形容詞，其后也應(yīng)為形容詞；又因?yàn)椤癳mbarrassed（尷尬的）”為消極詞匯，所以“comfortable（舒服的)”應(yīng)變成其反義詞“uncomfortable（不舒服的）”。故填uncomfortable。16．（2020·江蘇無(wú)錫·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Don’ttelllies!Nooneiswillingtomakefriendswith___________people.(honest)【答案】dishonest【詳解】句意：不要撒謊！沒(méi)有人愿意和不誠(chéng)實(shí)的人交朋友。根據(jù)“Nooneiswillingtomakefriendswith”可知是不愿和不誠(chéng)實(shí)的人撒謊；honest“誠(chéng)實(shí)的”要加否定前綴dis表示“不誠(chéng)實(shí)的”。故填dishonest。17．（2020·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考一模）Thesudden________(appear)ofasecurityguardcausedthemtodropthemoneyandrunaway.【答案】appearance【詳解】句意：保安的突然出現(xiàn)使他們?nèi)酉洛X逃跑了。句中“______(appear)ofasecurityguard”為of所有格，故空格處應(yīng)為所給單詞的名詞形式appearance“出現(xiàn)”，可數(shù)名詞，此處用其單數(shù)形式。故填appearance。18．（2020·江蘇南京·校聯(lián)考一模）It's__________(wise)ofparentstohavefixedideasonwhattheirchildrenshouldbecomeinthefuture.【答案】unwise【詳解】句意：父母對(duì)他們的孩子將來(lái)應(yīng)該成為什么有固定的想法是不明智的。本句為“It's+形容詞+ofsbtodosth”句式，故空格處應(yīng)為形容詞。分析句意可知，父母對(duì)孩子以后成為什么有固定的想法是不明智的，故此處應(yīng)為形容詞unwise“不明智的”。故填unwise。19．（2020·內(nèi)蒙古包頭·包頭市第二十九中學(xué)?？既＃￤e'realwaystoldtobe________abouteverythinginourlife.(truth)【答案】truthful【詳解】句意：我們總是被告知在生活中每件事都要誠(chéng)實(shí)。句子成分分析，空格處缺少形容詞，故名詞truth要轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞truthful誠(chéng)實(shí)的。故答案填truthful。20．（2020·廣西南寧·統(tǒng)考一模）Itseems________(possible)tofinishthework,butIwanttohaveatry.【答案】impossible【詳解】句意：完成這項(xiàng)工作似乎不可能，但我想試一試?！皊eem+形容詞”意為“好像……”，可知此處填形容詞；下文“butIwanttohaveatry”根據(jù)but的句意轉(zhuǎn)折可知，此處指不可能；要用possible的反義詞impossible。故填impossible。二、單項(xiàng)選擇21．（2022·甘肅天水·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Whichofthefollowingsuffixes（后綴）istheoppositeof“-ful”?A．-able B．-ness C．-ous D．-less【答案】D【詳解】句意：以下哪個(gè)后綴是“-ful”的反義詞？考查構(gòu)詞法。-able能……的，會(huì)……的，可以……的；-ness……的性質(zhì)；-ous擁有，具有或充滿；-less沒(méi)有，無(wú)。根據(jù)“-ful”可知，此后綴表示“充滿”，故其反義詞為“沒(méi)有，無(wú)”。故選D。22．（2022·甘肅武威·統(tǒng)考二模）Thefollowingwordsallhavethenegativeprefixes(否定前綴)EXCEPT________.A．indoor B．unhappy C．inexpensive D．impossible【答案】A【詳解】句意：除“indoor”外，以下單詞都有否定前綴?？疾閱卧~的構(gòu)成。indoor室內(nèi)的，形容詞，沒(méi)有否定前綴；unhappy不快樂(lè)的，在happy的基礎(chǔ)上加否定前綴un；inexpensive廉價(jià)的，在expensive的基礎(chǔ)上加否定前綴in；impossible不可能的，在possible的基礎(chǔ)上加否定前綴im。因此沒(méi)有否定前綴的單詞是indoor。故選A。23．（2022·甘肅慶陽(yáng)·?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）聯(lián)合國(guó)的英文縮寫(xiě)是________。A．NBA B．BBC C．UN D．HB【答案】C【詳解】句意：聯(lián)合國(guó)的英文縮寫(xiě)是UN?？疾槌ＷR(shí)。NBA美國(guó)職業(yè)籃球聯(lián)賽；BBC英國(guó)廣播公司；UN聯(lián)合國(guó)；HB厚膛壁身管。聯(lián)合國(guó)縮寫(xiě)是UN。故選C。24．（2022·江蘇鹽城·統(tǒng)考二模）Whichofthefollowingwordsisformedlike“unimportant”?A．incorrect B．a(chǎn)fternoon C．scientist D．hopeful【答案】A【詳解】句意：下面哪個(gè)單詞的構(gòu)成形式類似于“unimportant”？考查構(gòu)詞法。incorrect不正確的，correct前加否定前綴in-；afternoon下午，是after和noon合成；scientist科學(xué)家，把science中的ce變成t，再加ist；hopeful充滿希望的，hope后面加后綴-ful。單詞“unimportant”是important前加否定前綴im-而來(lái)，與A選項(xiàng)的構(gòu)成方法相同。故選A。25．（2021·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考二模）Whichofthefollowingwordsisformedlike“dishonest”?A．important B．international C．uncomfortable D．interviewer【答案】C【詳解】句意：以下哪個(gè)詞的構(gòu)詞類似于“dishonest”？考查構(gòu)詞法。important重要的；international國(guó)際的；uncomfortable不舒服的；interviewer采訪者。dishonest中dis-是否定前綴，加在“honest誠(chéng)實(shí)的”前面，dishonest意為“不誠(chéng)實(shí)的”；結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，un-是個(gè)否定前綴，加在“comfortable舒服的”前面，uncomfortable不舒服的。dis-和un-都是否定前綴。故選C。26．（2023·江蘇南京·校聯(lián)考一模）Whichwordisformedinthesamewayas“weekend”?A．unable B．invention C．helpless D．noticeboard【答案】D【詳解】句意：哪一個(gè)單詞的構(gòu)成方式與“weekend”的構(gòu)成方式相同？考查構(gòu)詞法。unable不能，由able加否定前綴構(gòu)成；invention發(fā)明，由invent加名詞后綴構(gòu)成；helpless無(wú)助的，由help加形容詞后綴構(gòu)成；noticeboard通知欄，由notice“通知”和board“板”構(gòu)成。題中的weekend“周末”是由week“周”和end“結(jié)束”構(gòu)成。由此可知weekend和noticeboard構(gòu)詞法相同，為合成詞，其他均為派生詞。故選D。27．（2022·甘肅定西·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Whichofthefollowingprefixes(前綴)means“doingagain”?A．en- B．dis- C．un- D．re-【答案】D【詳解】句意：下列哪個(gè)前綴表示“再做一次”？考查前綴。en-表示“放進(jìn)”；dis-表示“表示不同意，反對(duì)或者分開(kāi)，分離”；un-表示“不，無(wú)，未，非”；re-表示“再，重新”。故選D。28．（2021·甘肅慶陽(yáng)·統(tǒng)考二模）whichofthefollowingprefix(前綴)doesn’tmean“no”?A．un- B．re- C．im D．dis【答案】B【詳解】句意：下面哪個(gè)前綴不是“不”的意思?考查前綴辨析，-un、-im、dis三者都有否定意義，例如unhappy“不開(kāi)心的”；impolite“不禮貌的”；dislike“不喜歡”。-re是含有“再，又”的含義，例如review“復(fù)習(xí)”，故選B。29．（2021·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考二模）Whichofthefollowingwordsiscreatedinthesamewayas“blackboard”?A．careless B．impolite C．happiness D．bookshop【答案】D【詳解】句意：下列哪個(gè)單詞和“blackboard”的構(gòu)詞法相同？考查構(gòu)詞法。careless粗心的，它是由care+后綴less構(gòu)成的形容詞；impolite無(wú)禮貌的，它是由前綴im(表示否定)+polite構(gòu)成的形容詞；happiness幸福，它是由happy(把y變i)+后綴ness構(gòu)成的名詞；bookshop書(shū)店，它是由book+shop構(gòu)成的合成詞；blackboard黑板，它是由black+board構(gòu)成的合成詞。因此“bookshop”與“blackboard”的構(gòu)詞法相同。故選D。30．（2021·江蘇鹽城·統(tǒng)考一模）WhichwordcanNOTbeaddedtheprefix“in-”togiveittheoppositemeaning?A．complete B．direct C．correct D．proper【答案】D【詳解】句意：哪個(gè)詞不能加前綴“in-”來(lái)賦予它相反的意思？考查構(gòu)詞法。complete完整的；direct直接的；correct正確的；proper恰當(dāng)?shù)?；根?jù)構(gòu)詞法，詞語(yǔ)如果是b；m；p開(kāi)頭，一般用im前綴；故選D。31．（2021·甘肅平?jīng)觥そy(tǒng)考一模）Whichofthefollowingsuffixes(后綴)means“negative(否定的)”?A．-ous B．-less C．-ful D．–able【答案】B【詳解】句意：哪一個(gè)后綴意味著“否定的”？考查單詞后綴。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，less的后綴是有否定含義的后綴，故選B。32．（2021·甘肅慶陽(yáng)·統(tǒng)考一模）Whichofthefollowingwordscanbeaddedwiththesuffix(后綴)"-ness"?A．round B．laugh C．ill D．a(chǎn)ngry【答案】C【詳解】句意：下面哪一個(gè)單詞可以加后綴“-ness”？考查構(gòu)詞法。round形容詞，圓的；laugh動(dòng)詞，笑；ill形容詞，生病的；angry形容詞，生氣的。根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法可知選項(xiàng)中只有“ill”可以派生成名詞“illness”。故選C。33．（2020·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考一模）Whichofthefollowingwordshasthesamewordformationastheword“snowstorm”?A．helpless B．incorrect C．government D．blackboard【答案】D【詳解】句意：以下哪個(gè)詞與“暴風(fēng)雪”一詞具有相同的構(gòu)詞法？考查構(gòu)詞法。helpless無(wú)助的；incorrect不正確的；government政府；blackboard黑板。ABC屬于構(gòu)詞法中的派生法，通過(guò)加詞根或詞綴變成不同的詞性。D屬于black+board的合成詞，與snowstorm一樣。故選D。34．（2020·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考一模）Whichofthefollowingwordsisformedlike“impossible”?A．reporter B．blackboard C．dishonest D．harmless【答案】C【詳解】題意：下列哪一個(gè)單詞的組成形式與單詞“impossible”相同？考查構(gòu)詞法。A.reporter記者，report加后綴-er；B.blackboard黑板，black和board合成；C.dishonest不誠(chéng)實(shí)的，honest加前綴dis-；D.harmless無(wú)害的，harm加后綴-less。單詞“impossible”為possible加前綴im-而來(lái)，與C選項(xiàng)的構(gòu)成方法相同，故選C。35．（2020·江蘇揚(yáng)州·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Whichofthefollowingsuffixesisusedtoformanadjective?A．-less B．-ness C．-tion D．-ion【答案】A【詳解】句意：下列哪個(gè)后綴用來(lái)構(gòu)成形容詞？考查單詞的構(gòu)詞。-less是構(gòu)成形容詞的后綴；-ness是構(gòu)成名詞的后綴；-tion是構(gòu)成名詞的后綴；-ion是構(gòu)成名詞的后綴，故選A。三、短文綜合填空（2023·福建福州·福建省福州銅盤(pán)中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）ChatGPTisanewkindofcomputerprogramthatcantalktopeople.ItwasmadebyOpenAI,agroupofpeoplewhowanttousecomputerstohelptheworld.ChatGPTisverysmartb____36____itcanreadalotofwordsontheinternetandlearnfromthem.Itcanwritesentencesaboutmanythings,likescience,history,sports,andmovies.ButChatGPTisnotjustawriter.Itisalsoalisteneranda____37____(speak).Itcanunderstandwhatpeoplesayand____38____/r?'plai/tothem.ChatGPTcandomanythingsthato____39____computerprogramscannot.Forexample,itcananswermorequestions,saysorrywhenitiswrong,correctpeoplewhentheyarewrong,andsaynowhenpeopleaskforbadthings.Itcanalsomakejokes,show____40____(feel),andhaveapersonalitytomakethetalkmorefunand____41____(friend).ChatGPTcantalkaboutmanytopicswithpeople,butitdoesnotknoweverythingor____42____/'??lwe?z/givetherightanswer.Sometimesitmaywritesomethingthatdoesnotmakesense,orsaythesamethingtoomanytimes.Itmayalsochangeitsanswerifpeopleaskthesamequestionin____43____differentway.ChatGPTisstillanewthing,andOpenAIis____44____(try)tomakeitbetter.Theyalsowanttoknowwhatpeoplethinkaboutitand____45____theyuseit.TheyhopethatChatGPTcanhelppeoplelearnnewthings,havefun,andtalkbetterwitheachother.【答案】36．(b)ecause37．speaker38．reply39．(o)ther40．feelings41．friendly42．a(chǎn)lways43．a(chǎn)44．trying45．how【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文，介紹了一個(gè)新的計(jì)算機(jī)程序——ChatGPT。36．句意：ChatGPT非常智能，因?yàn)樗喿x互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的大量單詞并從中學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)句意，后半句表明ChatGPT非常智能的原因。故填(b)ecause。37．句意：它還是一個(gè)傾聽(tīng)者和演講者。根據(jù)前文的“writer”和“l(fā)istener”可知，空格處與它們并列，表明ChatGPT可以充當(dāng)什么角色，結(jié)合提示詞speak，此處應(yīng)填speaker。故填speaker。38．句意：它能理解人們說(shuō)的話并回復(fù)他們。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合音標(biāo)提示，應(yīng)填reply表示“回復(fù)”。故填reply。39．句意：ChatGPT能做很多其他計(jì)算機(jī)程序不能做的事情。由文章第一句可知，ChatGPT是一種計(jì)算機(jī)程序，因此這里是指與其他計(jì)算機(jī)程序相比，ChatGPT能做更多的事情。結(jié)合首字母提示，空格處應(yīng)填other“其他的”。故填(o)ther。40．句意：它能開(kāi)玩笑、表達(dá)感情，還富有個(gè)性，能使談話更有趣，更友好。show后接名詞，結(jié)合句意，此處指的是表達(dá)“感情”，feeling意為“感情”，作可數(shù)名詞，在這里應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式表示各種感情。故填feelings。41．句意：它能開(kāi)玩笑、表達(dá)感情，還富有個(gè)性，能使談話更有趣，更友好。這里用固定搭配“makesth.+形容詞”表示“使某物……”，由and可知，空格處與fun為并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)填形容詞friendly“友好的”。故填friendly。42．句意：ChatGPT能和人們談?wù)摵芏嘣掝}，但它并不是什么都知道，也不總是能回答正確。結(jié)合音標(biāo)，對(duì)應(yīng)單詞是always“總是”。故填always。43．句意：如果人們以不同的方式問(wèn)同樣的問(wèn)題，它也可能會(huì)改變答案。根據(jù)句意，此處為固定短語(yǔ)ina(n)...way，表示“用一種……的方式”。different以輔音音素開(kāi)頭，不定冠詞要用a。故填a。44．句意：CHatGPT仍是一個(gè)新事物，OpenAI正嘗試著優(yōu)化它。由is可知，此處應(yīng)填try的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，與is構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。故填trying。45．句意：他們也想知道人們對(duì)它有什么看法以及怎樣使用它。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空格處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，結(jié)合“theyuseit”可知，這里表示人們?cè)鯓邮褂肅hatGPT，應(yīng)用how來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句。故填how。真題演練一、完型填空（2023·甘肅甘南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Seancheckedthee-mailasusual.Thenhefounda(n)___1___e-mail,“Doyoustillwanttobeapoliceman?”Sean___2___thescreen,deepinthought.OnedaywhenSeanwasonly5,hisunclePaul,a___3___,drovehimhomeinhispolicecar.Seanwasinterestedinthecarandtheuniform.HedecidedtobeaherolikePaul.However,Seanfollowedhisteacher’sadviceand___4___becameareporter.Heworkedinanewspaper___5___hewas30yearsold.Thenhechangedseveraljobsbutnothingmadehimreallyhappy.Actuallyhehadneverreally___6___hischildhooddream.Hiswifecouldnotstandthisandlefthim.Seangotintoa(n)___7___situation.HehadtomovebacktoStIgnace,wherehisdadlived.Whenhisfatherencouragedhimtosearchforanewjob,the___8___came.Phoenix,2,100milesawayfromStIgnace,wasingreatneedofpolicemen.Sean,nearly40yearsold,finallydecidedtocatchit.Inordertopassthetesttogetthejob,Seanbegan___9___everyday,andfinallypassedit.“Ittookme35years.Butapromiseisapromise.Howmanypeoplecansaytheyachievetheirlife’sdreams?”Seansays.“I___10___it.Itjustproves（證明）thatit’snevertoolateanditisworthalltheeffortsandenergy.”1．A．common B．unexpected C．uncomfortable2．A．staredat B．fixedup C．calledin3．A．driver B．programmer C．policeofficer4．A．nearly B．gradually C．finally5．A．till B．a(chǎn)fter C．when6．A．madeup B．givenup C．shownup7．A．boring B．interesting C．embarrassing8．A．chance B．courage C．power9．A．fighting B．training C．competing10．A．made B．missed C．a(chǎn)rrived【答案】1．B2．A3．C4．C5．C6．B7．C8．A9．B10．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述的是肖恩從小夢(mèng)想做警察，但是由于各種各樣的原因他沒(méi)能成為警察。但他終于成為了一名警察。告訴我們實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想永遠(yuǎn)都