2024秋高中英語Module3MyFirstRideonaTrainSectionⅡGrammar-過去分詞短語學(xué)案含解析外研版必修1

PAGE1-Module3MyFirstRideonaTraiSectionⅡGrammar——過去分詞(短語)作定語&一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語[語法圖解][課文原句感知]①Weategreatmealscookedbyexperts!②Wesawabandonedfarmswhichwerebuiltmorethanahundredyearsago.③Formanyyears,trainedcamelscarriedfoodandothersupplies,andreturnedwithwoolandotherproducts.④Onenight,ataboutmidnight,Iwatchedthenightskyforaboutanhour.⑤Ahundredandfiftyyearsago,theybroughtsomecamelsfromAfghanistan.⑥In1925,theypassedalawwhichallowedpeopletoshoottheanimalsiftheywereaproblem.[語法領(lǐng)悟](1)句①②③中的過去分詞(短語)在句中作定語。(2)句②③中，單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語，常常放在被修飾名詞的前面；句①中，過去分詞短語作定語，應(yīng)放在被修飾名詞的后面。(3)句④⑤⑥中的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，都和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。一、過去分詞作定語1．過去分詞作定語的位置(1)單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語通常放在被修飾詞之前；過去分詞短語作定語則放在被修飾詞之后，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。Thegovernmentdecidedtorebuildthedamagedbridge.政府確定重新修復(fù)那座被毀壞的大橋。Iamfondofthefoodcookedbyyourmother.＝Iamfondofthefoodthat/whichiscookedbyyourmother.我很喜愛你媽媽做的飯菜。Thecomputercenter,openedlastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.＝Thecomputercenter,whichwasopenedlastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.電腦中心是去年開放的，很受這個(gè)學(xué)校的學(xué)生歡迎。[名師點(diǎn)津]有些過去分詞表示特定含義，單獨(dú)作定語也放在被修飾的名詞之后。如：left(剩余的)，given(所給的)，concerned(有關(guān)的)等。另外，單個(gè)過去分詞作定語修飾代詞時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)放在被修飾的詞后面。Thereisalittletimeleft.Let'shurryup.剩余時(shí)間不多了，咱們快點(diǎn)吧。Heisoneofthoseinvited.他是那些被邀請(qǐng)的人之一。(2)有些過去分詞作定語既可前置也可后置，意義不變，但有些過去分詞置于被修飾詞前后的位置不同，則意義也不相同。Allthebrokenwindowshavebeenrepaired.＝Allthewindowsbrokenhavebeenrepaired.全部壞了的窗戶已經(jīng)被修理好了。Themethodusedisveryefficient.所用的這個(gè)方法很有效。Thisisausedcarworthonly5,000yuan.這是一輛價(jià)值5000元的二手車。[即學(xué)即練1]完成句子①Thepollutedriver(這條被污染的河)givesoffaterriblesmell.②Hewasthenateacherrespectedbyallthestudents(受全部學(xué)生敬重的)．③Mostoftheguestsinvitedtomybirthdayparty(被邀請(qǐng)到我的生日晚會(huì)的)weremyschoolfriends.2．及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語(1)及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語，具有完成和被動(dòng)兩層含義。steamedbread饅頭respectedleaders受人敬重的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)excitedchildren興奮的孩子們(2)不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語，只表示動(dòng)作的完成，無被動(dòng)之意。afallentree一棵倒下的樹aretiredworker一位退休工人[即學(xué)即練2]漢譯英①受傷的工人injured_workers②受感動(dòng)的學(xué)生們moved_students③澆過的花watered_flowers④落葉fallen_leaves3．不同非謂語動(dòng)詞形式作定語的區(qū)分過去分詞作定語表示被動(dòng)或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)形式作定語表示被動(dòng)和進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作不定式作定語表示將來的動(dòng)作Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytimespentwithhisstudents.吉姆已經(jīng)退休了，但他仍舊記得和學(xué)生們一起度過的歡樂時(shí)間。Whoisthemanworkingthere?在那兒工作的那個(gè)人是誰？Thebikebeingrepairedismine.正在修的自行車是我的。DoyouwanttoseethedoctortobesentforfromBeijing?你想見那位將從北京請(qǐng)來的醫(yī)生嗎？[即學(xué)即練3]用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①M(fèi)rsWhiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmapsborrowed(borrow)fromthelibrary.②Theroomisemptyexceptforabookshelfstanding(stand)inonecorner.③Thisistheproblembeing_discussed(discuss)now.④Theairportto_be_completed(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.二、一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語1．一般過去時(shí)表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)常常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與often,always,usually,never等表示事情發(fā)生頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用。WhenIwasaboy,Ioftenwenttoplayinthatpark.當(dāng)我是個(gè)孩子時(shí)，我常去那個(gè)公園玩。Healwaysgotuplate,andneverhadenoughtimeforbreakfast.他總是起床很晚，從來沒有足夠的時(shí)間吃早飯。[名師點(diǎn)津]表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，也可用usedto或would,would比usedto更正式，但沒有“現(xiàn)在已無此習(xí)慣”的含義。Heusedtogetupearly.他過去常常早起。Onsummereveningstheywouldsitoutinthegarden.夏天的晚上他們常常坐在外面的花園里。2．一般過去時(shí)表示在確定的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語有yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in2024,until,since,when從句等。Isawhimyesterdayinthestreet.昨天我在街上見到他了。Lastnightwewenttoenjoyagoodperformance.昨天晚上我們?nèi)タ戳艘粓霾诲e(cuò)的演出。3．有些狀況發(fā)生的時(shí)間不清晰，須要我們依據(jù)語境來推斷，語境中的一般過去時(shí)往往表示“剛才，過去”之意。Ididn'tknowyouweresobusy.我不知道你這么忙。Yourphonenumberagain,please.Ididn'tquitecatchit.請(qǐng)?jiān)僬f一遍你的電話號(hào)碼。我沒有聽清晰。[即學(xué)即練4]用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Duringhismiddleschoolyears,heplayed(play)footballnearlyeveryday.②Weheld(hold)abasketballmatchthedaybeforeyesterday.③WhenIwasyoung,Ioftenwent(go)toswiminthatriver.④Irang(ring)himseveraltimesthismorning,butnooneanswered(answer)thephone.鏈接高考——單句語法填空1．(2024·浙江)Largeramountsofcaffeinecancauseaproblemcalled(call)caffeinism.2．(2024·天津)Iwas_driving(drive)downtoLondonwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.3．(2024·浙江)Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution,I'dlikeyoutolookatastudyconducted(conduct)inAustraliain2012.4．(2024·江蘇)Inartcriticism,youmustassumetheartisthasasecretmessagehidden(hide)withinthework.5．(2024·北京)—Didyouenjoytheparty?—Yes.Wewere_treated(treat)wellbyourhosts.6．(2024·重慶)—IsPetercoming?—No，hechanged(change)hismindafteraphonecallatthelastminute.7．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)ItwasraininglightlywhenIarrived(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.8．(2024·重慶)Theproducercomesregularlytocollectthecameras